2003-2004年忻州市医疗机构传染病漏报调查

目的探讨忻州市法定传染病疫情的报告情况和漏报原因,为制订传染病防治策略提供理论依据. 方法采用随机抽样方法对忻州市医疗机构和居民进行传染病疫情调查.结果医疗机构传染病漏报率为12.89%,其中市级医院漏报率为4.35%,县级医院漏报率为11.76%,乡镇卫生院的漏报率为9.30%,村卫生所漏报率最高达59.02%.漏报较严重的病种是麻疹29.60%、病毒性肝炎15.20%、痢疾8.33%、肺结核6.33%. 结论传染病疫情报告存在严重的漏报,应不断完善报告制度,提高报告质量.     

突发卫生事件应急处理现状与对策

云南省玉溪市自2 0 0 0年建立健全较完善的传染病疫情和突发卫生事件报告管理体系,即由市卫生局以文件的形式出台疫情和突发卫生事件报告管理规范,明确各级医疗单位、乡(镇)卫生院防保组、村卫生所、市县(区)疾病预防控制中心和各级卫生主管部门的职责,并把疫情报告卡、突发卫生事件上报表和操作规程落实到医疗单位、村卫生所、卫生院防保组和临床医生的诊疗室,市县(区)疾病预防控制中心通过对传染病疫情报告质量督查及传染病漏报调查来督查疫情和突发卫生事件报告情况,调查结果由卫生局通报,并予以批评和表彰。1　存在的问题　　虽然有了规…     

蕲春县1996年法定传染病就诊漏报率和居民传染病漏诊漏报率调查

1996年8月结合我县灾期疫情调查的同时，对全县各级医疗机构接诊法定报告传染病的漏报及各级传染病疫情管理工作情况进行了全面的调查，现将结果报告如下。一、调查方法1．范围：4个县级医院（其中县二医院辖管张坊镇）和25个乡镇场卫生院，每个乡镇抽查1个卫生所和1个村卫生室以及五个含200人口以上的自然村。调查时限从1996年5月1日至7月31日，自然村居民传染病发病未就诊及漏报率的回顾性调查时限为1996年7月1～31日。2．方法：按拟定的统一调查方案和调查表格，下村逐户访问调查，医疗机构传染病的漏报率，查卫生院、卫生所以及村卫生室…     

不能让网底破了——甘肃省天祝藏族自治县切实加强村级卫生工作

村卫生所是农村最基层的卫生组织，是农村“三级医疗卫生保健网”的网底。村卫生所的主要任务是：预防和治疗当地常见病、多发病、地方病，宣传卫生科学知识，开展计划免疫、传染病管理、进行妇幼保健技术指导，动员群众开展爱国卫生运动。村卫生所距村民晟近，卫生服务可及性最强，广大农牧民群众生病后，绝大多数首先到村卫生所就诊．村医和村民生活在同一环境中，长期交往，广泛接触，     

对实行乡村一体化的村卫生所护理工作情况的调查

近年来,山东省潍坊市在推行乡镇卫生院、村卫生所一体化管理中,制定了村卫生所护理工作标准,现将落实情况报告如下:1 乡村卫生一体化制定标准 村卫生所举办权和管理权由村委会移交给乡镇卫生院,其标志是乡镇卫生院对村卫生所实行“六统一”管理。即村卫生所设置统一规划,乡村卫生技术人员统一调配,工作任务统一安排,药品和卫生材料统一调拨,财务收支统一核算,乡村     

河南省南阳市2013年医疗机构法定传染病漏报调查

目的了解河南省南阳市医疗机构法定传染病漏报情况。方法按照分层随机抽样要求,对市辖13个县(市、区)分别抽取县级及以上综合医院1家,专科医院1家,乡镇卫生院1家以及所辖村卫生所2家共5个单位,查阅2013年度的门诊日志、出入院登记、化验室和放射科登记簿中诊断为法定传染病的病例。其中县级及以上医院随机抽查≥30例、专科医院和乡镇卫生院分别抽查≥12例(病例不足者,全部抽取),村卫生所登记诊断的所有法定传染病,核查传染病漏报情况。结果共调查各级医疗机构66家,其中县级及以上综合医院13家、乡镇卫生院13家、村卫生所26家、专科医院14家。查出应报法定传染病病例755例,实报739例,漏报16例,漏报率为2.12%;其中乙、丙类传染病漏报率分别为1.51%(8/531)和3.57%(8/224),二者差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.319,P=0.128);县、乡、村和专科医疗机构传染病漏报率分别为1.76%(7/397)、1.92%(3/156)、5.56%(1/18)和2.72%(5/184),差异亦无统计学意义(χ2=1.614,P=0.656)。结论南阳市医疗机构法定传染病报告存在漏报现象。     

剑川县村卫生所消毒质量现状调查及分析

为了解村卫生所消毒工作质量及存在的问题,规范村卫生所消毒管理工作,提高消毒质量,确保农民群众接受安全卫生医疗服务,剑川县卫生防疫站于2000年5月对全县范围内村卫生所消毒质量进行了调查,并对存在的问题提出了相应的对策措施。现将调查情况报告如下:     

宁城县传染病报告40年

我县有２８个乡镇卫生院，３４０个村卫生所，共有５９万人。县卫生防疫站设专人做传染病统报工作，医疗单位预防保健科有专人、乡镇级医院由防疫大夫兼统报工作。１４０年之收获我县的传染病报告开始于１９５７年。４０年来，由于采取建立制度、监督检查、层层培训、加强...     

2003～2004年忻州市各级医疗单位法定传染病漏报调查

[目的]探讨忻州市法定传染病疫情的报告情况和漏报原因，加强传染病报告管理，减少漏报发生。[方法]采用随机抽样方法对忻州市医疗机构进行传染病漏报调查。对2003年7月至2004年7月传染病报告与门诊日志及检验科传染病登记对照检查，调查漏报原因。[结果]医疗机构传染病漏报率为12．89％，市级医院漏报率为4．35％，县级医院漏报率为11．76％，乡镇卫生院的漏报率为9．30％，村卫生所漏报率高达59．02％。漏报较严重的病种是麻疹29．60％、病毒性肝炎15．20％、痢疾8．33％、肺结核6．33％。[结论]传染病疫情报告存在严重的漏报，应不断完善报告制度，提高报告质量。     

潍坊市1995～1999年医疗单位传染病漏报调查

为了解各级医疗单位传染病疫情的报告情况 ,山东省卫生防疫站于 1995年下发了《医院传染病报告管理检查和漏报调查方案》 ,潍坊市根据此方案连续 5年在全市范围内进行了漏报调查。1对象与方法1.1抽样方法每个县 (市、区 )及县级以上医院为必查单位 ,乡镇级及村级医疗单位按分层随机整群抽样的原则 ,每个县 (市、区 )抽查乡镇 (街道 )医院 4处 ,学校、单位卫生所 4处 ,村卫生室、个体诊所 5处。1.2内容疫情管理部分包括疫情管理班子及制度、医生对法定报告传染病知识的了解情况、门诊日志质量及保健科资料 ;传染病报告质量包括传染病报告率、…     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.