灼口综合征患者心理学相关因素的临床分析

的　对 98例灼口综合征 (BMS)患者进行心理学相关因素研究 ,以了解BMS与心理障碍关系 ,为进一步心理行为治疗提供理论依据。方法　对 98例非病理性BMS患者进行心理学病因、心因性躯体症状观察 ,并对BMS患者组和相配对的正常组进行SAS、SDS和SCL90量表的分析。结果　 98例BMS患者中 ,有 95 %有各种心理学病因 ,所有患者存在各种心因性躯体症状 ,最常见的为睡眠障碍 ( 90 .8% ) ;有 96 %患者存在中重度的抑郁 ,75 %患者存在中重度的焦虑 ;SCL90量表主要以躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性为主。结论　BMS是一类以抑郁为主的心理障碍症状群 ;心理学病史、心因性躯体症状具有临床诊断的参考价值 ,心理量表分析则可进一步明确心理障碍的类型和程度 ,心理行为治疗可能是治疗精神性BMS的有效方法。     

口腔异感症患者的心理学相关研究

目的 了解口腔异感症（OPS）与心理障碍关系，为进一步心理行为治疗提供依据。方法 对31例非病理性OPS患者进行心理学病因、躯体化症状观察，并对24例OPS和相配对的正常组进行SAS、SDS和SCL90量表的分析。结果 31例OPS患者中，95％有各种心理学病因，所有患者存在各种躯体化症状，最常见为睡眠（90．3％）；全部患者存在中、重度的抑郁，83．4％患者存在中、重度的焦虑；SCL90是表主要以躯体化、强追症状、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性为主。结论 OPS是一类以抑郁为主的心理障碍症状群；心理学病史、躯体化症状具有临床诊断的参考价值，心理是表分析则可进一步明确心理障碍的类型和程度，心理行为治疗可能是治疗精神性OPS的有效方法。     

复发性口腔溃疡患者心理学相关因素分析

目的探讨心理因素在复发性口腔溃疡(RAU)发生发展中的作用。方法选择门诊复发性口腔溃疡患者102例为实验组,健康者102名为对照组,采用SIMH焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及RAU组SCL-90症状自评量表测查。结果RAU患者均存在心因性躯体化症状,最常见为睡眠障碍,存在中、重度焦虑(75.49%)和抑郁(85.30%)症状。SCL-90结果显示,RAU患者躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖等因子分值高于中国常模,差异有显著性(P<0.01或0.05)。结论心理因素对RAU有一定的影响。     

颞下颌关节紊乱病患者轴Ⅱ测评临床调查研究

目的通过颞下颌关节紊乱病诊断标准(diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders,DC/TMD)的轴Ⅱ评价量表调查,筛查引发TMD的身体、心理及行为因素,为临床制订个性化诊疗方案及疾病预防提供参考。方法选择2018年10月至2021年2月就诊于武汉大学口腔医学院口腔颌面外科颞下颌关节门诊的TMD患者141例(TMD组),其中女性121例,男性20例,平均年龄30岁;2021年1至2月于武汉市在校大学生、教师、公职人员等人群中招募普通健康者90名作为对照组,其中女性66名,男性24名,平均年龄30岁。对所有受试者进行问卷调查,问卷包括一般状况调查表和TMD症状问卷;轴Ⅱ评价量表包括:慢性疼痛等级量表、下颌功能受限量表、口腔行为检查、患者健康问卷-9(抑郁情绪)、广泛性焦虑症量表、患者健康问卷-15(躯体化症状)等评价量表。主要观察指标包括疼痛程度、疼痛对患者影响分级、慢性疼痛整体分级、下颌功能受限量表指标得分、抑郁得分、焦虑得分、躯体化症状得分和口腔行为得分。比较TMD组不同诊断患者之间轴Ⅱ各量表评价指标的差异。结果TMD组具有不同程度疼痛的患者占60.3%(85/141);疼痛影响分级1~3级者占24.1%(34/141);慢性疼痛整体分级为Ⅰ~Ⅳ级者占61.0%(86/141)。TMD组咀嚼功能受限、运动功能受限、交流功能受限及总体下颌功能受限得分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。TMD组轻度抑郁以上患者占59.6%(84/141),轻度焦虑以上患者占56.7%(80/141),46.1%(65/141)患者有躯体化症状。TMD组患者的等级分布均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。颞下颌关节骨关节病和关节半脱位患者中出现躯体化症状者显著多于关节盘移位患者(P<0.05)。TMD组内不同的慢性疼痛状态分级之间在下颌功能障碍各指标以及抑郁、焦虑和躯体化症状等方面差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论TMD患者比普通健康人口腔行为异常增加,下颌功能活动受到不同程度的限制,同时抑郁、焦虑情绪以及躯体化症状方面更严重。颞下颌关节骨关节病和关节半脱位患者更易出现躯体化症状。TMD患者伴有疼痛症状者下颌功能障碍受限及抑郁、焦虑和躯体化方面症状较重。     

颞下颌关节紊乱病患者的症状自评量表调查

目的通过对颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）患者的症状自评量表（SCL-90）各因子进行分析，了解其精神心理状态。方法338例就诊于北京大学口腔医学院颞下颌关节病及口颌面痛诊治中心的TMD患者填写SCL-90，采用t检验和单组设计定量资料的多元方差分析，将患者和普通人群的SCL-90各因子得分进行比较。结果①TMD患者SCL-90中的躯体化、强迫、焦虑、敌意、恐怖、精神病性因子得分高于普通人群，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；②伴有精神心理障碍的TMD患者比例为23％；③对338份患者SCL-90进行可靠性分析，得出可靠系数为0．958。结论我国TMD患者的精神心理障碍问题不容忽视。SCL-90作为判断TMD患者是否伴有某些精神心理障碍的量表，在我国同样具有较好的适用性。     

心理因素与颞下颌关节紊乱病症状表现的相关性研究

目的:探讨焦虑和抑郁是否为罹患颞下颌关节紊乱病(TMD)的危险因素。方法:病例组为临床TMD患者,对照组为无TMD症状的健康人,采用焦虑症状自评量表(SAS)和抑郁症状自评量表(SDS)对心理因素进行评估。同时记录是否存在其他混杂因素,如习惯咬硬物、偏侧咀嚼、叩齿、夜磨牙、拔牙史等。采用Stata 11.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:共纳入200例样本,每组各100例,病例组SAS评分、SDS评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对不同严重程度焦虑倾向、抑郁倾向的OR进行趋势检验,均具有统计学意义。但logistic回归分析显示,患颞下颌关节紊乱病的危险因素中,仅焦虑倾向与偏侧咀嚼具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:焦虑倾向与抑郁倾向为TMD相关的重要危险因素,随着其严重程度的增加,患TMD的危险性也增加。在混杂因素偏侧咀嚼存在时,只有焦虑倾向仍然是TMD的危险因素。     

颞下颌关节紊乱病不同症状患者心理因素调查

目的研究颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）不同症状患者心理社会因素,尤其是焦虑的差别,为心理治疗对策提供试验依据。 方法206例就诊于天津医科大学口腔医院的TMD患者和201名无症状志愿者,填写症状自评量表（SCL-90）和状态-特质焦虑问卷（STAI）,根据患者主诉分组。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件,采用独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析对所有数据进行统计学分析。 结果（1）TMD患者SCL-90量表中的躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、精神病性因子得分及总分高于无症状志愿者,差异有统计学意义（t_躯体化 = 3.79,P_躯体化 = 0.000;t_抑郁 = 2.14,P_抑郁 = 0.033;t_焦虑 = 2.91,P_焦虑 = 0.004;t_敌对 = 3.93,P_敌对 = 0.000;t_精神病性 = 2.48,P_精神病性 = 0.013;t_总分 = 2.80,P_总分 = 0.005）;女性TMD患者的状态焦虑及特质焦虑得分均高于女性无症状志愿者（t_状态焦虑 = 3.52,P_状态焦虑 = 0.001;t_特质焦虑 = 4.26,P_特质焦虑 = 0.000）,两组男性之间差异无统计学意义（t_状态焦虑 = 0.36,P_状态焦虑 = 0.718;t_特质焦虑 = 0.76,P_特质焦虑 = 0.453）;（2）不同症状TMD患者在躯体化和状态焦虑方面差异有统计学意义（F_躯体化 = 2.714,P_躯体化 = 0.046;F_特质焦虑 = 3.007,P_特质焦虑 = 0.031）,具有单纯疼痛症状者躯体化得分高于单纯弹响患者（P = 0.005）,单纯弹响及疼痛伴弹响患者的特质焦虑得分高于疼痛伴开口受限者（P = 0.016）。 结论TMD患者心理健康水平比无症状人群低,主要表现在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对和精神病性方面。女性TMD患者有明显焦虑特征。单纯疼痛TMD患者躯体化比单纯弹响者更为明显。     

唇腭裂患儿父母心理健康状况对照研究

目的　了解唇腭裂患儿父母的心理健康状况 ,为对其进行心理支持和治疗提供依据。方法　采用SCL - 90症状自评量表对唇腭裂患儿的 6 0名父母及正常儿童的 6 0名父母进行心理调查。结果　患儿组父母SCL- 90总分、阳性项目数、抑郁、焦虑和恐怖明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。患儿组母亲在躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、偏执、精神病性诸因子分和阳性项目数上明显高于父亲 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　唇腭裂患儿的父母心理健康状况较差 ,尤以患儿母亲较为突出     

颞下颌关节紊乱病患者轴Ⅱ测评临床调查研究

目的通过颞下颌关节紊乱病诊断标准(diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders, DC/TMD)的轴Ⅱ评价量表调查, 筛查引发TMD的身体、心理及行为因素, 为临床制订个性化诊疗方案及疾病预防提供参考。方法选择2018年10月至2021年2月就诊于武汉大学口腔医学院口腔颌面外科颞下颌关节门诊的TMD患者141例(TMD组), 其中女性121例, 男性20例, 平均年龄30岁;2021年1至2月于武汉市在校大学生、教师、公职人员等人群中招募普通健康者90名作为对照组, 其中女性66名, 男性24名, 平均年龄30岁。对所有受试者进行问卷调查, 问卷包括一般状况调查表和TMD症状问卷;轴Ⅱ评价量表包括:慢性疼痛等级量表、下颌功能受限量表、口腔行为检查、患者健康问卷-9(抑郁情绪)、广泛性焦虑症量表、患者健康问卷-15(躯体化症状)等评价量表。主要观察指标包括疼痛程度、疼痛对患者影响分级、慢性疼痛整体分级、下颌功能受限量表指标得分、抑郁得分、焦虑得分、躯体化症状得分和口腔行为得分。比较TMD组不同诊断患者之间轴Ⅱ各量表评价指标的差异。...     

口腔颌面外科手术患者心理卫生状况调查

目的 调查口腔颌面外科手术患者的心理卫生状况，以便提供心理指导。方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL—90)对76例患者进行调查和统计分析。结果 术前躯体化因子分在年龄方面，偏执因子分在文化程度及病种方面有明显差异(P＜0．05)。术后焦虑、敌对以及偏执因子分在病种方面均有明显差异(P＜0．05)。术前术后各因子分的变化量比较显示：躯体化和抑郁因子分的变化量在性别方面，敌对因子分的变化量在职业方面有明显差异(P＜0．05)。术前、术后各因子分之间均无明显差异。结论 口腔颌面外科患者手术前后存在心理卫生问题，并与多种因素相关。医护人员应有针对性地进行围手术期的心理干预。     

Comparison between the SCL-90-R and MMPI in TMD patients with psychological problems

Oral Diseases (2012) 18 , 140–146 Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between the Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revision (SCL‐90‐R) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients with psychological problems. Materials and Methods: Subjective symptoms, objective signs, and psychological characteristics of 36 TMD patients with psychological problems were analyzed. The symptom severity index (SSI) and craniomandibular index (CMI) were used to assess subjective symptoms and objective signs of patients with TMD, respectively. The SCL‐90‐R and MMPI were used for psychological evaluation. Results: The SSI was not significantly correlated with the CMI in TMD patients with psychological problems, and these indices displayed significant correlations with the SCL‐90‐R and MMPI in several selected subscales. The results of SCL‐90‐R had a limited relationship with those of MMPI in these patients. Based on the MMPI diagnosis, the SCL‐90‐R somatization subscale showed moderate to high sensitivity and specificity, but the SCL‐90‐R depression subscale showed moderate to low sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: Considering the limited relationship between the SCL‐90‐R and MMPI in TMD patients with psychological problems, more comprehensive psychological tests are recommended when clinicians suspect patients with TMD of having accompanying psychological problems.     

灼口综合征心理药物综合治疗的临床观察

目的评价对40例灼口综合征(BMS)患者心理药物综合治疗疗效。方法对临床确诊的BMS患者采用氯硝西泮加盐酸氟西汀和心理疏导治疗,对口腔症状、躯体化症状、心理量表进行观察。结果总有效率为95%,其中治愈和显效为67.5%。躯体化症状大部分明显减少或消失(P<0.01),SAS、SDS、SCL90量表治疗前后比较有明显的改善(P<0.01)。结论心理药物对精神性BMS的治疗是一种有效的方法,必须严格掌握指征,坚持长期、持续、程序性治疗原则,医患的配合是治疗成功的关键。     

Evaluation of psychological factors in orthodontic patients with TMD as applied to the "TMJ Scale"

Physical and psychological evaluation have been required for TMD patients whose problems are multi dimensional. The questionnaire named the "TMJ Scale" was created to differentiate subjective TMD symptoms of patients. The purpose of this study was to clarify the reliability of the TMJ Scale for Japanese orthodontic patients with TMD and to differentiate the symptoms. Fifty orthodontic patients (average age 21y4m) with a chief complaint of TMD symptoms were compared with thirty patients (average age 21y1m) without TMD symptoms. The results were as follows: female patients in the symptom group in particular showed a higher degree of stress due to the chronic pain and abnormalities than those in the non-symptom group. Significant differences were observed in Pain Report, Joint Dysfunction and Global Scale at the 0.1% significant level, in Non-TM Disorder, Psychological Factor and Chronicity at the 1% level, and in Palpation Pain and Perceived Malocclusion at the 5% level in females. Few psychological problems were observed in male patients in the symptom group. Significant differences were observed in Range of Motion limitation at the 5% level in males. The differences in the psychological factors between male and female patients were clarified by using the TMJ Scale. These findings suggested that it was useful to differentiate the multiple symptoms, especially the psychological factors, by using the TMJ Scale for orthodontic patients with TMD.     

Psychological factors and responses to artificial interferences in subjects with and without a history of temporomandibular disorders

OBJECTIVE: It has often been suggested that psychological factors play a role in temporomandibular disorders (TMD). However, reports on psychological factors in TMD patients and controls have been equivocal. In a previous double-blind randomized controlled study, subjects with a TMD history showed more clinical signs and subjective symptoms and adapted less well to the artificial interferences than subjects without an earlier TMD history. In the present study, we analyzed the associations of psychological factors with symptom responses and adaptation to interferences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Before the intervention, the subjects filled in questionnaires dealing with personality traits, level of psychological and somatic stress symptoms, coping strategies, and health beliefs. Every day during the 2-week follow-up period, the subjects rated the intensity of their symptoms on 9 modified visual analog scales (VAS). RESULTS: Health hardiness, positive socialization history and inhibition of aggression were associated with weaker symptom responses and better adaptation to true artificial interferences. Some personality characteristics in subjects with an earlier TMD history tended to associate with higher symptom reporting despite the type of intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological factors appeared significant for the symptom responses to artificial interferences, and they seem to play a different role in responses in subjects with an earlier TMD history compared to those without.     

Clinical and psychological characteristics of TMD patients with trauma history

Oral Diseases (2010) 16 , 188–192 Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical and psychological characteristics of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients with trauma history. Materials and methods: The clinical and psychological characteristics of 34 TMD patients with trauma history were compared with those of 340 TMD patients without trauma history. Craniomandibular index (CMI) was used for clinical characteristics of TMD patients. Symptom severity index (SSI) was used to assess the multiple dimensions of pain. Symptom checklist‐90‐revision (SCL‐90‐R) was used for psychological evaluation. Results: Temporomandibular disorders patients with trauma history displayed significantly higher CMI and palpation index. TMD patients with trauma history also exhibited higher values in duration, sensory intensity, affective intensity, tolerability, scope of symptom, and total SSI score. In addition, these patients showed significantly higher values in symptom dimensions of somatization, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, and paranoid ideation. Among the symptom dimensions of SCL‐90‐R, somatization showed the most significant correlations with CMI and SSI. Conclusions: Temporomandibular disorders patients with trauma history displayed more severe subjective, objective, and psychological dysfunction than those without trauma history. Pain of myogenous origin, history of physical trauma, and psychosocial dysfunction were all closely related.     

Prevalence and impact of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in patients with masticatory muscle or temporomandibular joint pain: differences and similarities

AIMS: To evaluate temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients for differences between masticatory muscle (MM) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain patients in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and evaluate the level of psychological dysfunction and its relationship to PTSD symptoms in these patients. METHODS: This study included 445 patients. Psychological questionnaires included the Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), the Multidimensional Pain Inventory, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the PTSD Check List Civilian. The total sample of patients was divided into 2 major groups: the MM group (n = 242) and the TMJ group (n = 203). Each group was divided into 3 subgroups based on the presence of a stressor and severity of PTSD symptoms. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients (14.9%) in the MM group and 20 patients (9.9%) in the TMJ group presented with PTSD symptomatology (P = .112). Significant differences were found between the MM and the TMJ group in several psychometric domains, but when the presence of PTSD symptomatology was considered, significant differences were mostly maintained in the subgroups without PTSD. MM and TMJ pain patients in the "positive PTSD" subgroups scored higher on all SCL-90-R scales (P < .001) than patients in the other 2 subgroups and reached levels of distress indicative of psychological dysfunction. TMJ pain patients (58.3%; P = .008) in the positive-PTSD subgroups were more often classified as dysfunctional. Both positive-PTSD subgrounps of the MM and TMJ groups presented with more sleep disturbance (P < .005) than patients in the other 2 subgroups. CONCLUSION: A somewhat elevated prevalence rate for PTSD symptomatology was found in the MM group compared to the TMJ group. Significant levels of psychological dysfunction appeared to be linked to TMD patients with PTSD symptoms.     

Depressive symptoms in Asian TMD patients and their association with non-specific physical symptoms reporting

BACKGROUND: The expression of depression in Asian temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients may differ from that of their Caucasian counterparts. This study examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their association with non-specific physical symptoms (NPSs) reporting in Asian patients. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-five Asian TMD patients (68 males; 187 females) with a mean age of 33.0 years were selected for this study. Research diagnostic criteria (RDC)/TMD history questionnaire was input directly into computers by patients using the NUS TMDv.1.1 software. Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) depression and NPS scales were generated online and automatically archived for statistical analysis. Data were subjected to ANOVA/Scheffe's test and Pearson's correlation at significance level 0.05 and 0.01, respectively. RESULTS: 43.1 and 50.6% of the patients scored moderate-to-severe on the depression and NPS scales, respectively. The percentage of patients with diffuse physical symptoms remained high (45.5%), even after pain items were excluded from the computation. NPS scores ranged from 0.34 to 1.64, while depression scores ranged from 0.27 to 1.21. A significant and positive correlation (r = 0.74) was observed between depression and NPS scores. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms and NPSs was lower in Asian TMD patients. Psychological distress experienced by female Asian TMD patients was comparable to their male counterparts. Results also suggest that depressive symptomatology is associated with the reporting of multiple NPSs.