昆明地区2013年艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者流行病学特点分析

目的了解昆明地区2013年新增抗病毒治疗HIV/AIDS患者的流行病学特征。方法选取2013年就诊于昆明市第三人民医院感染一科,经过实验室证实HIV抗体阳性即将进行高效抗逆转录病毒治疗的780例HIV/AIDS患者,登记性别、年龄、感染途径等基本情况,检测CD4+T和CD8+T淋巴细胞计数、ALT、AST、TBIL、HBV标志物及丙型肝炎抗体等指标。运用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计描述及分析。结果780例年龄(39.53±11.93)岁,其中男性483例(61.9%)高于女性297例(38.1%,297例)。感染途径主要为性传播(78.8%,615例)[异性传播553例(70.9%)、同性性传播62例(7.9%)]、静脉吸毒感染154例(19.7%)和输血感染11例(1.5%)。在780例患者中,HIV/HBV/HCV合并感染率较高,其中单纯HIV感染530例(67.9%),合并HCV感染175例(22.5%)、合并HBV感染62例(7.9%),同时合并HBV/HCV感染13例(1.7%)。合并HCV感染患者肝损伤较其它两组明显。结论昆明地区2013年新增HIV/AIDS患者以青壮年男性为主,性传播为主要感染途径。HIV与HBV/HCV合并感染率较高,且合并HCV感染者肝损伤较明显。     

景洪市强制戒毒所新入所人员HCV、HIV感染情况分析

目的 分析景洪市强制戒毒所新入所人员的HCV、HIV感染情况,为进一步的干预研究提供依据.方法 对当年1月1日起新入所的戒毒人员,采用连续抽样的方法,进行问卷调查和血清HCV、HIV抗体检测.结果 共调查200人,其中HCV感染者65人,HIV感染者5人(其中4人混合感染HCV).χ2检验结果显示,该人群的HIV感染率与职业、民族、性别和婚姻状态以及最近1次注射吸毒时是否共用针具、入所前1年内是否有商业性性行为、最近1次商业性性行为时是否使用安全套无关,仅HCV感染率与职业、民族以及最近1次注射吸毒时是否共用针具有关.结论 吸毒人群的HCV感染率指标可以用来评价该人群的共用针具情况及其他相关情况,特别是该人群中的HIV感染者远远少于HCV感染者或尚未发现HIV感染者时;目前景洪市吸毒人群的艾滋病疫情尚处于低度流行阶段,需要进一步研究景洪市吸毒人群感染HIV的具体原因,以便提高各项干预措施的针对性与有效性.     

云南省不同吸毒方式吸毒人群HIV及HCV感染分析

目的 分析云南省不同吸毒方式吸毒人群HIV及HCV感染状况,为制定吸毒人群HIV及HCV防治策略提供依据.方法 于2007年对云南省3551名吸毒者收集基本人口学信息,采集血样进行HIV及HCV抗体检测.结果 3551名吸毒者中HIV感染者568例,感染率为16.0%,其中注射吸毒者感染率为21.2%(534/2516...     

1 512例卖淫妇女性传播感染的流行病学分析

对2001~2004年朝阳区1 512例卖淫妇女进行多种性传播感染(STI)检测和流行病学调查分析。结果:检出性传播疾病感染者1 186例,总感染率为78.44%;其中非淋菌性尿道(宫颈)炎,感染率为65.28%;支原体感染率为46.69%;检出HIV感染者11例。非淋菌性尿道(宫颈)炎及HIV感染率呈现明显上升趋势,且许多为双重或多重感染者。提示该人群是艾滋病性病的重要传染源。     

海南省女性吸毒者936例梅毒和HIV检测结果分析

目的了解海南省女性吸毒人群梅毒和艾滋病病毒(HIV)的感染情况。方法对2005-2009年海南省戒毒所收容的936例女性吸毒者进行梅毒血清学和HIV抗体检测。结果 936份标本中发现梅毒感染者255例,感染率为27.24%(255/936),HIV感染者1例,感染率为0.11%(1/936)。结论女性吸毒人群中梅毒感染率较高,HIV感染率处于低水平,但感染HIV的危险因素普遍存在,建议有关部门应加大对吸毒人群进行性病、艾滋病的监测,有利于及时发现、控制传染源,降低其传播与流行。     

宜昌城区美沙酮维持治疗者艾滋病、丙型肝炎和梅毒感染情况分析

目的了解宜昌城区戒毒药物维持治疗门诊接受美沙酮维持治疗者的艾滋病病毒(HIV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)和梅毒螺旋体(TP)感染情况,为采取针对性干预措施提供科学依据。方法回顾性分析宜昌城区两个美沙酮门诊开业至2016年6月予美沙酮维持治疗的1 811名吸毒者的临床资料,包括HIV、HCV和TP感染状况及其人群特征。结果该1 811名吸毒者中,HIV、HCV和TP感染率依次为0.41%、86.53%和4.87%。HIV感染率在性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、吸毒方式和是否共用注射器上的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。HCV感染率在性别、年龄、婚姻状况、职业、吸毒方式和是否共用注射器上的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。有注射吸毒史、共用注射器者、女性和年龄大于30岁者的HCV感染率分别高于单纯口服吸毒者、未共用注射器者、男性和年龄小于30岁者的HCV感染率。女性TP感染率(8.42%)高于男性TP感染率(3.77%),且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论宜昌城区接受美沙酮维持治疗者的HCV感染率较高,注射吸毒和共用注射器是其主要危险因素,加强对该人群HIV、HCV和TP感染筛查工作和积极干预,可有效防止艾滋病、丙肝、梅毒的传播和蔓延。     

隆阳区13 823名特定人群HIV监测分析

目的为全面了解隆阳区特定人群HIV感染情况,为科学制定有效遏制艾滋病流行措施提供依据。方法采用现场血清流行病学调查方法,对所有被调查人员在知情同意的原则下,每人抽取5ml静脉血进行HIV抗体检测。结果调查13823人,HIV抗体阳性109人,阳性率0.79%。结论⑴隆阳区特定人群的HIV感染率为0.79%(109/13823),HIV流行态势严峻;⑵经过进一步调查109名感染者中通过性传播的占62.38%(68/109),提示经性途径感染艾滋病的比例迅速上升;⑶今后隆阳区艾滋病预防控制工作面临的压力更大。     

免疫缺陷性皮肤病

992063 四川省吸毒劳教人员中HIV血清流行病学调查/王绍志（四川新华劳教所医院）…//中国性病艾滋病防治.-1998,4（6）.-244～246 采用ELISA法初筛和WB法确认检测1649例吸毒劳教人员血清,HIV阳性者31例,检出率为1.9％。其中男性占2.15％,女性占0.6％;20岁以下年龄组感染率高达10％;文盲人群中HIV阳性率偏高为8.5％;职业分布依次为农民（7.1％）、工人（1.2％）、个体户（0.5％）、待业青年（0.4％）。吸毒方式为单纯静脉注射者5.3％,静脉加口吸者3.15％,仅承认口吸者0.63％。提示吸毒劳教人员是HIV感染重点监测和教育的对象。表3参2 （杨亚琴）992064 人免疫缺陷病毒1（HIV-1）膜蛋白基因片段在酵母中的克隆表达/刘巍峰（山东大学微生物系）…//中华微生物学和免疫学杂志.-1999,19（1）.-13992065 静脉吸毒HIV感染者中庚型肝炎病毒感染调查/马义才（四川卫防站艾滋病监测中心）…//中国性病艾滋病防治.-1998,4（6）.-251～252 随机抽取四川省静脉吸毒者HIV感染者库存血清42份,进行ELISA法检测,结果抗-HGV抗体阳性8例,阳性率为19.05％。提示为了提高HIV感染者的生存防护,应加强对HIV感染者HGV监测。表1参7（杨亚琴）     

2002-2012年大连皮肤病医院182例HIV感染者情况分析

目的:调查大连市皮肤病医院HIV感染情况。方法:2002-2012年对280万皮肤病性病患者进行了HIV筛查。结果:共检出HIV感染者182例(6.5/10万),男173例,女9例,男男性传播115例(63.19%),异性性传播20例(10.99%),献血传播4例(2.20%),静脉吸毒3例(1.65%),传播途径不详40例(21.98%)。结论:HIV感染率有所上升,感染的主要途径是性传播,尤其是男男性传播。     

贵阳市女性HIV/AIDS感染情况分析

目的探讨在艾滋病感染人群中女性的感染情况,为预防与控制艾滋病在女性人群中的传播提供科学依据。方法对1994年1月～2005年12月HIV/AIDS女性确诊报告和流行病学个案调查表进行统计分析。结果截止2005年12月,贵阳市共累计报告女性HIV/AIDS121例,占历年累计报告HIV感染者的31.68%;年龄以青壮年为主;传播途径以静脉吸毒占首位;目前尚无母婴传播报告。结论贵阳市女性HIV感染者人数逐年增加,艾滋病对妇女的危害日益严重,应采取有效措施预防艾滋病在女性人群中的传播。     

性病与HIV感染者中HSV2、HBsAg和HCV的检测

目的 比较性病患者和HIV感染者血清中单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)及丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的感染情况,为采取综合性的防治方案提供参考依据。方法 对经蛋白印迹法确证的HIV(+)/AIDS库存血清标本和梅毒、淋病及衣原体感染患者血清标本,用ELISA方法同时检测HSV2-IgG、HSV2-IgM、HBsAg和HCV-IgG4项指标,并对2组标本的检测结果进行比较。结果 在76份性病样品中,检出HSV2-IgG24例占31.58%;HSV2-IgM1例占1.32%;HBsAg8例占10.53%和HCV1例占1.32%。在另外分组的14例HIV阳性标本中,检出HSV2-IgG7例占50.00%;HSV2-IgM5例占35.71%;HBsAg8例占57.14%和HCV3例占21.43%。在总共90份标本中,有6例标本同时检测到HSV和HBV;2例标本同时检出HSV-IgM和HBV;2例同时检出上述4项指标。统计分析发现,HIV(+)/AIDS组中HSV、HBV和HCV的检出率明显高于性病组(P<0.05)。结论 HIV(+)/AIDS患者中合并HSV、HBV及HCV的感染率明显高于其他性病患者。     

深圳市男男性接触人群梅毒合并HIV感染状况及其危险因素分析

目的：了解深圳市近6个月内发生过同性临时性行为的MSM人群梅毒合并HIV感染状况及其相关影响因素。方法：运用滚雪球法和同伴推动抽样法招募MSM进行问卷调查和血清学检测,采用χ2检验和Logistic回归分析梅毒HIV合并感染的相关影响因素。结果：共调查434例MSM,梅毒和HIV感染率分别为16.4%和12.2%,梅毒合并HIV感染率为7.3%。年龄越大（OR=4.0,P=0.0007）、高中/中专文化者（OR=6.5,P=0.0081）、性角色以被动方为主者（OR=12.1,P=0.0017）、多个同性肛交性伴者（OR=1.5,P=0.0455）、不能坚持每次使用安全套者（OR=2.9,P=0.0236）,其梅毒合并HIV感染风险越高。结论：需要采取更大努力来应对该人群的梅毒和HIV双重感染问题。     

Absence of hepatitis C virus transmission in a prospective cohort of heterosexual serodiscordant couples

OBJECTIVE: To analyse hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in a cohort of heterosexual couples who are discordant both for HIV and for HCV. METHODS: We followed an open cohort of 171 people, 152 women and 19 men, who were not initially infected by either HIV or HCV, and whose steady heterosexual partner presented antibodies to both viruses (index case). Other risk exposures were excluded. Every 6 months clinical, epidemiological, and risk behaviour information was collected, and antibodies to both viruses were determined. RESULTS: During 529 person years of follow up more than 40 000 vaginal or anal penetrations were recorded. 74 partners (43.3%) had vaginal and/or anal intercourse without condoms with the index case; another 15.8%, who always used condoms, declared breaking or slipping episodes during intercourse; and another 22.2% had unprotected orogenital exposures. During the follow up, over 5800 unprotected vaginal and anal contacts with the index case were estimated, as well as more than 25 000 unprotected orogenital contacts. 31 women became pregnant (two were index cases), and seroconversion to HIV occurred for one woman (1.7 per 10 000 unprotected contacts; 95% CI, 0 to 9.5), but there was no seroconversion to HCV (95% CI, 0-6.3 per 10 000 unprotected contacts). CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with a low or null transmissibility of HCV in heterosexual relations, even when the index case is HIV co-infected.     

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections in dermatological patients in west Sicily: a seroepidemiological study

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relative frequencies and molecular epidemiological features of viral hepatitis types B and C in dermatological patients in our geographical area. METHODS: We determined the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in a cohort of 677 dermatological patients admitted to the Department of Dermatology of Palermo. An 8-mL blood sample was taken from all subjects. The following assays were used: HBsAg, anti-HB core (antigen) (anti-HBc), anti-HB surface (antigen) (anti-HBs), anti-HB early (antigen) (anti-Hbe) and anti-HCV antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-nine (27.91%) of the 677 dermatological patients were positive for anti-HBc, anti-HBs, anti-HBe and/or anti-HCV antibodies. In particular 22% (149 patients) were anti-HBc, anti-HBs or anti-HBe positive, reflecting exposure to HBV, and six patients (0.88%) were chronic carriers of HBsAg; 2.36% of the dermatological patients (16 persons) were anti-HCV positive. Tests showed that 24 subjects (3.52%) were infected with hepatitis B or C. The peaks in the age bands were in the 55-80-year-old age groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms a high rate of HBV and HCV exposure with chronic carriers in our dermatological patients. We assume that the high prevalence of HCV and HBV in dermatological patients is more likely to be age related than to represent a true and direct association with dermatological diseases in general. Definite conclusions will only be available after large epidemiological studies that can establish or refute an aetiological and pathogenetic role of HBV and HCV in certain skin diseases associated with liver infection.     

深圳市宝安区石岩街道已婚妇女高危人乳头瘤病毒感染情况调查

目的调查深圳市宝安区石岩街道已婚妇女人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)感染以及常见的11种亚型的分布情况。方法取宫颈口分泌物标本,样本脱氧核糖核酸(deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)的提取按试剂盒说明书进行。采用7500型荧光聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)仪扩增及分析。每次实验按试剂盒提供的定性阳性标准和定量阳性标准品做标准曲线,并作出定量分析。同时设置阴性、空白对照。诊断结果呈阳性的标准为:标本检测出的HPV DNA≥5.00E+02拷贝。结果 12 804例女性中检出HPV阳性者2 856例,检出率为22.31%。年龄在22~29岁、30~39岁、40~49岁、50～59岁、≥60岁5组患者HPV感染率分别为29.20%、23.04%、19.88%、20.01%和19.00%。22～29岁年龄段HPV感染率同其他年龄组的感染率相比明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。各年龄组HR-HPV所占比例分别为57.30%、82.21%、81.43%、72.12%和66.32%。30~39岁、40~49岁年龄组HR-HPV感染率较其他年龄组明显升高。结论 30岁以下年轻患者的HPV感染率明显高于其他年龄组,30~50岁之间的女性HR-HPV感染率明显增高。     

计划生育门诊医务人员主动提供HIV检测咨询(PITC)服务的探讨

目的:探讨在计划生育门诊中开展医务人员主动提供HIV检测咨询(provider-initiated testing and counse-ling,PITC)服务的必要性和可行性及影响因素。方法:随机抽取计划生育门诊就诊者800人进行问卷凋查。结果:就诊者艾滋病总知识知晓率为85.27%,各知识点知晓率差距较大,12个知识点中有7项正确回答率90%以上,有3项正确回答率在70%以下;年轻、初中文化程度和无业人员、工人等人群知晓率偏低。对艾滋病病毒感染者态度有30.0%持"同情并帮助"态度,有38.00%持"同情并疏远"态度。76.75%认为HIV检测咨询可以控制艾滋病的流行和传播。"认为HIV检测的负面影响"的选择中,害怕被歧视29.73%、家庭破裂24.62%、失去工作24.44%、暴露隐私21.21%。在不愿接受HIV检测的就诊者中,81.90%认为没必要。25.62%(人.项)的就诊者知道计生门诊可以提供艾滋病检测咨询服务;35.22%的就诊者会首选到计生门诊检测。分别有86.88%和94.63%的人表示,在计生门诊就诊时,愿意接受医务人员提供HIV检测和HIV方面的知识信息咨询。开展PITC服务1年,门诊检测率从11.64%提高到23.15%,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:计划生育门诊医务人员开展PITC服务是必要的和可行的,能明显提高就诊者的HIV检测率。艾滋病综合知识知晓率低、HIV检测重要性认识不足、社会歧视是阻碍就诊者接受PITC服务的重要影响因素。     

河北省HIV-1感染者合并梅毒感染状况调查

目的了解河北省艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者中梅毒的感染状况。方法采集HIV-1感染者的抗凝全血样品,进行梅毒快速血浆反应素试验(RPR)和梅毒螺旋体颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)。结果 147例HIV-1感染者中累计梅毒感染率为26.53%(39/147),其中既往梅毒感染率11.56%(17/147),现症梅毒感染率14.97%(22/147)。HIV合并梅毒感染,在性别之间梅毒感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),男性高于女性;在婚姻状态方面累计梅毒感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在离异组较高。结论 HIV感染人群中有较高的梅毒感染率。     

Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus, viral hepatitis (B and C), treponema pallidum, and human T-cell lymphotropic I/II virus among men who have sex with men in Buenos Aires, Argentina

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STI) are prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM). GOAL: To estimate the prevalence of HIV and STIs in this group. STUDY: A total of 694 MSM were tested for HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), human T-cell lymphotropic (HTLV-I/II) viruses and Treponema pallidum infection. RESULTS: HIV, HBV, and T pallidum were detected in 13.8%, 37.7%, and 16.9% of subjects, respectively. Prevalences of 1.9% and 0.3% were detected for HCV and HTLV-I/II. A prior history of STI was the most predictor for HIV, HBV, and T pallidum. Use of illegal drugs, blood transfusion history, and multiple sexual partners were associated with HCV. The 2 most common co-infections were HBV/T pallidum and HIV/HBV. CONCLUSIONS: Infection with HIV, HBV, and T pallidum was elevated among MSM. Routine testing, education, vaccine-based prevention, and control programs need to be implemented in this high-risk population.     

2010-2019年云南省玉溪市男男性行为者艾滋病哨点监测结果及知行分离影响因素分析

目的 了解2010-2019年云南省玉溪市MSM人群HIV、梅毒和HCV感染状况及艾滋病知晓情况并分析知行分离的影响因素.方法 根据《全国艾滋病哨点监测方案》的要求,以每年4-7月为监测期,采用横断面调查法对玉溪市MSM人群的人口学特征、艾滋病知识知晓情况、行为学和接受艾滋病干预服务等情况进行连续监测,应用Logist...     

Hepatitis C and renal transplantation in era of new antiviral agents

Data from World Health Organization estimates that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence is 3% and approximately 71 million persons are infected worldwide. HCV infection is particularly frequent among patients affected by renal diseases and among those in dialysis treatment. In addition to produce a higher rate of any cause of death, HCV in renal patients and in renal transplanted patients produce a deterioration of liver disease and is a recognized cause of transplant glomerulopathy, new onset diabetes mellitus and lymphoproliferative disorders. Treatment of HCV infection with interferon alpha and/or ribavirin had a poor efficacy. The treatment was toxic, expensive and with limited efficacy. In the post-transplant period was also cause of severe humoral rejection. In this review we have highlighted the new direct antiviral agents that have revolutionized the treatment of HCV both in the general population and in the renal patients. Patients on dialysis or with low glomerular filtration rate were particularly resistant to the old therapies, while the direct antiviral agents allowed achieving a sustained viral response in 90%-100% of patients with a short period of treatment. This fact to date allows HCV patients to enter the waiting list for transplantation easier than before. These new agents may be also used in renal transplant patients HCV-positive without relevant clinical risks and achieving a sustained viral response in almost all patients. New drug appears in the pipeline with increased profile of efficacy and safety. These drugs are now the object of several phases II, III clinical trials.