胰十二指肠切除术治疗壶腹部癌和胰头癌临床分析

壶腹周围癌是指胆胰壶腹周围2cm范围内的恶性肿瘤，包括壶腹部癌（胆总管末端壶腹癌和十二指肠乳头癌）、胰头癌及十二指肠降段的恶性肿瘤．胰十二指肠切除术是治疗壶腹周围癌的主要方式，但该手术对于壶腹部癌和胰头癌的疗效有所差别．将我院近7年收治病例的情况报道并分析如下。     

改良Vater壶腹部切除的根治术治疗壶腹周围癌

目的：探讨行壶腹部改良切除术治疗Vater壶腹部周围癌,减少非肿瘤器官切除,提高疗效的手术方法。方法：总结1995－1998年13例壶腹周围癌行扩大壶腹部切除的根治术的经验,经十二指肠后外侧入路,整块切除肝外胆道,胆胰管汇合部,壶腹部及十二指肠乳头,十二指肠乳头封闭术,胆,胰,十二指肠间置空肠或胆,胰空肠Roux-en-y吻合术。结果：围手术期死亡1例,并发 1例经再手术治愈,随访术后半年以上9例,最长生存29个月,无并发症及转移征象。结论：（1）该术式符合胰十二指肠解剖关系;（2）按肿瘤治疗原则能达到广泛程度清扫;（3）初行该术式者应掌握胰十二指肠切除术。     

壶腹周围癌血清肿瘤标志物测定的临床诊断意义

壶腹部周围癌包括胰头癌、十二指肠乳头癌、Vater壶腹癌和胆总管下端癌,临床诊断及鉴别诊断困难。本文通过我院近年来59例胰腺癌和55例其他壶腹部周围癌病人血清CA19-9、CEA、CA153和CA125的联合检测,探讨它们对壶腹周围癌诊断及预后的价值。     

Vater壶腹部周围癌胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的危险因素及对策

<正>Vater壶腹部周围癌是指胆胰壶腹周围2cm范围内的恶性肿瘤,包括胆总管下端癌、壶腹癌、十二指肠乳头癌和胰头癌。胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)是主要的根治性治疗手段。胰瘘(pancreatic fistula,PF)是PD常见的严重并发症之一。胰瘘的定义不尽相同,为了便于比较和国际交流,术后胰瘘国际研究小组规定,只要术后     

Vater壶腹部周围癌诊疗现状与展望

<正>Vater壶腹部周围癌是目前己知的恶性程度最高的肿瘤之一,是指Vater壶腹周围2cm范围内的恶性肿瘤,包括Vater壶腹癌、胆总管末端癌、十二指肠乳头癌,通常不包括胰头癌,外科手术切除是最有效的治疗方法。近几年国内外学者对手术切除的     

乏特壶腹癌的诊断和治疗

乏特壶腹部癌(carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater)是指十二指肠乳头内胆管、乳头内胰管、胆胰管壶腹、十二指肠大乳头区的一种比较少见的恶性肿瘤.乏特壶腹部癌的症状及其诊治措施均与胰头癌很相似,有时甚至于手术中也很难区别,故临床上将两者统称之为壶腹周围癌(periampullary carcinoma);     

努力提高壶腹周围肿瘤的外科治疗技术水平

胆总管在穿过十二指肠壁时与胰管汇合 ,汇合后略膨大 ,称Vater壶腹 (简称壶腹 )。壶腹及其外周环绕的括约肌向十二指肠肠腔突出 ,使十二指肠粘膜隆起形成十二指肠乳头。在壶腹周围 (包括壶腹 ) ,上述组织结构所发生的肿瘤统称为壶腹周围肿瘤 ,并以恶性居多。壶腹周围的恶性肿瘤包括来自壶腹、胆总管下端、十二指肠乳头和胰头的癌肿 ,临床上把前三者连同胰头癌统称为壶腹周围癌。目前 ,外科手术仍是治疗壶腹部肿瘤的主要手段 ,提高壶腹部肿瘤的外科治疗技术水平是患者获得治愈的唯一途径。壶腹部肿瘤因其组织来源不同其生物学行为亦表现出很…     

Vater壶腹部周围癌20例诊治体会

Vater壶腹部周围癌是指壶腹部、胆总管下段及十二指肠乳头附近的癌肿,主要包括壶腹癌、胆总管下段癌和十二指肠乳头癌。这三类肿瘤临床症状类似,术前常不易鉴别。本文就我院2000年1月至2009年12月收治的20例Vater壶腹周围癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析,现报道如下。     

保留十二指肠的胰头切除术实用外科血管解剖学研究

目的研究胰头和十二指肠之间的血管解剖 ,为临床上开展关于十二指肠、胰头以及胆总管末端手术提供解剖学基础。方法对 30例甲醛固定的成人尸体和 10例新鲜尸体的十二指肠、胆总管下段及Vater壶腹的血液供应进行解剖研究。结果十二指肠降部和水平部血运由胰十二指肠前、后动脉弓及分支供应 ;胆总管下段血运主要是由胰十二指肠上后动脉供应 ;Vater壶腹血运主要是由胰十二指肠上后动脉发出的乳头动脉供应。结论胰十二指肠前、后动脉弓是供应十二指肠降部和水平部、胆总管下段和Vater壶腹的主要动脉。在行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术时应注意保护前、后动脉弓。     

壶腹部癌的诊断和治疗

<正>壶腹部癌包括Vater壶腹周围2 cm范围以内的恶性肿瘤,可起源于十二指肠乳头及乳头附近的黏膜、壶腹内的黏膜、胰管及胆总管十二指肠壁间部黏膜上皮,主要包括壶腹癌、十二指肠乳头癌及胆总管下端癌~([1-4])。壶腹部癌较少见,约占胃肠道恶性肿瘤的0.5%。壶腹部癌因起源不明、发病率低、周围解剖结构复杂,加之在生物学特性、生存率等方面存在较大差异,所以一直是临床和病理学研究的难点。在临床实践中,壶腹部癌的诊疗关键在于鉴别诊断、     

胆胰十二指肠结合部切除治疗壶腹部周围癌的疗效分析

目的探讨胆胰十二指肠结合部切除治疗壶腹部周围癌的临床应用。方法自2005年1月—2006年7月采用该术式治疗壶腹部周围癌15例，其中乳头癌6例，壶腹癌5例，胆总管下端癌4例。合并心肺疾患7例，糖尿病2例。切除范围：十二指肠降段，距胆胰管汇合部切除胰头1—2cm及胆总管至左右肝管汇合处下方。术中注意清扫区域淋巴结，行冰冻病理切片检查证实各切缘无肿瘤残存。结果全组手术成功率为100％，术后未出现胃瘫、十二指肠漏、胆漏或明显胰漏等严重并发症，均痊愈出院。1例死于术后2个月上消化道应激性溃疡大出血，其余14例均存活。随访3—16个月，随访期间未发现肿瘤复发或转移。结论胆胰十二指肠结合部切除术是治疗壶腹部周围癌的一种新术式，比乳头局部切除术范围大，但是手术难度和创伤均较常规胰十二指肠切除术明显降低，近期疗效满意。     

影像学检查技术在壶腹周围癌诊断上的合理应用

目的：探讨影像学检查技术在壶腹周围诊断上的合理应用。方法：对我院185例壶腹周围癌（包括胰头癌119例、十二指肠乳头癌41例、Vater壶腹癌13例、胆总管下段癌12例）的临床特点和各种影像学检查资料进行回顾性分析。结果：本组CT诊断胰头癌的准确率为90．9％；ERCP对十二指肠乳头癌的确诊率为100％；ERCP和MRCP对壶腹癌和胆总管下段癌的诊断价值优于其他检查。78％的病人上腹饱胀／隐痛出现时间早于黄疸1－3月。血清CA19－9值在3／4以上的胰头癌、壶腹癌和胆总管下段癌病人超过正常值。结论：凡有中上腹部饱胀、隐痛、血清CA19－9值升高、胆总管和（或）胰管扩张的病人应有步骤地进行各种影像学检查。超声检查发现胰头部有肿块，宜行CT检查。如未发现肿块，则行ERCP。凡ERCP检查时观察到有肿瘤征象的病人，不宜作胰胆管造影而仅作活检。MRCP可用于胰胆管造影失败的壶腹癌和胆总管下段癌。超声内镜对壶腹周围癌的诊断和鉴别诊断也起重要作用。     

扩大Vater壶腹部切除的根治术治疗壶腹部肿瘤

目的 探讨Vater壶腹部肿瘤行壶腹部扩大切除的根治性手术的方法,以减少非肿瘤器官切除,并符合肿瘤治疗原则。方法 总结1995-1998年手术切除的根治术的经验。经十二指肠后外侧入路,整块切除肝外胆道、胆胰管汇合部,壶腹部及十二指肠乳头,十二指肠乳头封闭术。胆、胰、十二指肠间置空肠或胆、胰空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。结果 围手术期死亡1例。并发症1例经再手术治愈。随访术后半年以上病人9例,最长生存29个月,无并发症及转移征象。结论（1）该术式符合胰十二指肠解剖关系;（2）按肿瘤治疗原则能达到广泛程度清扫;（3）初行该术式者应掌握胰十二指肠切除术。     

Heterotopic pancreas in the ampulla of Vater and papilla]

From 1977 to 1987, six cases of heterotopic pancreas at the ampulla of Vater and the papilla were encountered. All patients were suffering from obstructive jaundice and misdiagnosed as having periampullary cancer and pancreaticoduodenectomy was done. The entity was rare and extremely difficult to diagnose even during exploration. The pathology, diagnosis and surgical treatment of this disease were discussed.     

Tumours of Oddi: Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment

A retrospective review of 56 patients operated upon for tumours of Oddi was performed in order to determine optimal diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Common presenting symptoms were jaundice (86%) and anemia (21%). Mean size of the tumour was 2.3 cm. Five tumours were benign and 51 were malignant. According to the classification of Martin, five were grade I: 10 grade II; 18 grade III; and 18 grade IV. Forty-seven patients underwent resection of the tumour: three local excisions for small benign tumors, six ampullectomies (followed in three by a Whipples’ procedure for recurrence) and 41 Whipples’ procedures. The hospital mortality was 5.3%, minor complications appeared in 21%. The overall five years survival was 41%. It was 75% in grade I, 50% in grade II, 40% in grade III and 10% in grade IV. The patients who received ampullectomies were alive with a follow-up of one, two and three years. All patients operated upon for a benign tumour were alive except one who died of cardiac failure. Ultrasonography and duodenoscopy are the most useful tests for the diagnosis of tumours of Oddi. Prognosis depends on the degree of infiltration of the duodenal wall and the presence of positive lymph nodes. Whipples’ procedure is best but ampullectomy can be used in elderly or poor risk patients. Malignant tumours of the ampullary region are infrequent and reported to constitute betwee 0.02 and five percent of all cancers of the digestive tract. With wider application of endoscopic techniques, there has been an increasing interest in this group of tumours during recent years. In the literature tumours of Oddi are usually reported in the group of periampullary tumours, including tumours of the ampulla itself, duodenal wall surrounding the ampulla, the distal part of the common bile duct and head of the pancreas. We have wanted to distinguish specifically the tumours of the ampulla of Vater and have adopted the term tumour of Oddi introduced by Marchal and Hureau.The sphincter of Oddi exactly delineates the junction between the bile duct, pancreatic duct and duodenum. We wanted to avoid using the anatomic term ampulla of Vater, since this structure rarely appears as an ampulla. This then excludes tumours in the head of pancreas, common bile duct above ths phincter of Oddi and tumours of the duodenal wall adjacent to the papilla. These tumours seem to behave differently from other pancreatic tumours, as they carry a different prognosis and need special attention. We have therefore reviewed retrospectively 56 patients with tumours of Oddi with special reference to diagnosis, histopathologic examination and surgical therapy.     

Ampulla of Vater. Anatomic, embryologic, and surgical aspects

The region of the ampulla of Vater constitutes a complex anatomic and functional entity, the biliopancreaticoduodenal confluence, of which the essentials of this rapid review are the: Variation in site of implantation of the greater duodenal papilla, whereas the relations between the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct are relatively constant Presence at this site of a weak point in the duodenal wall, commonly the site of mucosal diverticula Interdependence of the parietal duodenal mucosa and the sphincteric system of Oddi Existence of an extramural zone of this sphincter, which should be the only one involved in sphincterotomy Danger of wide excisions of the papilla, which, apart from the risk for hemorrhage, cause a breach of the digestive barrier The ampulla of Vater corresponds to the dilated junction of the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct, if present. The ampulla is an extensive anatomic and functional region that includes not only the choledochopancreatic junction but also the sphincter of Oddi, the whole traversing the duodenal wall to open at the greater duodenal papilla. The chief anatomic features of this biliopancreaticoduodenal junction have been reviewed, forming the basis of techniques of surgical or endoscopic sphincterotomies and localized excisions of vaterian tumors.     

Therapeutic approach to tumors of the ampulla of Vater

BACKGROUND/AIM: Indications for local resection for tumors of the ampulla of Vater have not been established. The present study evaluated suitable treatments for tumors of the papilla of Vater. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinicopathological factors were reviewed for 53 patients with tumors of the ampulla of Vater treated between February 1993 and August 2003. RESULTS: Of 53 patients, 41 were treated surgically. Local resection was performed in 7 of these 41 patients, with a histologically involved margin evident in 4 patients. Lymph node metastasis was identified in 20 patients who received radical resection, including 1 patient with pT1 cancer. CONCLUSION: Given the presence of some positive surgical margins, local resection is indicated as a therapeutic approach to tumors of the papilla of Vater only for benign tumors or some malignant tumors that cannot undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).     

Surgical treatment of pancreas divisum causing pancreatitis in children

Although controversial, pancreas divisum has been implicated as a cause of acute pancreatitis when there is stenosis of the accessory papilla that drains the duct of Santorini. Over the past 5 years, four children with pancreas divisum and recurrent pancreatitis were successfully treated surgically. The diagnosis was made by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in each case. Surgical treatment included sphincteroplasty to the accessory papilla to improve drainage of the duct of Santorini, opening the ampulla of Vater to expose the ostium of the duct of Wirsung to enlarge it, and cholecystectomy.     

Choledochocele: Report of a case and review of the literatures

A case of choledochocele seen in a 68-year-old male was reported. Analysis of fourteen cases reported under a variety of designations featuring cystic dilatation of the distal common bile duct protruding into the duodenal lumen and the case presented here disclosed that these cases could be classified into two types of pathology; both of the bile duct and the pancreatic duct opened into the cyst of the ampulla in 6 cases, whereas the bile duct and the pancreatic duct joined at the papilla of Vater and distal end of the bile duct formed a cystic dilatation protruding into the duodenal lumen in the remaining 9 cases.