行胫骨高位截骨全膝关节置换手术患者的对照研究

目的探讨胫骨高位截骨术对随后进行的全膝关节置换术的影响。方法对23例行胫骨高位截骨术后行全膝关节置换术患者的术中情况以及术后膝关节功能与对照组进行了比较,两组患者在年龄、疾病和关节畸形方面具有可比性。结果胫骨高位截骨术后行全膝关节置换术患者的手术时间（118．5±32）与对照组（98．9±20．5）比较差异有统计学意义,伤口的并发症也较对照组多。但两组患者的围手术期的出血量和术后膝关节功能比较差异无统计学意义。结论胫骨高位截骨术后行全膝关节置换术患者的膝关节功能和活动范围与对照组相似,但其手术的技术要求较高,并发症也相对较多。     

开放楔形胫骨高位截骨与单髁置换治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎疗效的Meta分析

目的:系统评价开放楔形胫骨高位截骨(OWHTO)与单髁置换(UKA)治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效。方法:按照Cochran协作网制定的检索策略进行检索,计算机检索Medline,Pubmed,EMbase,Cochrane Library,中国生物医学数据库,中文科技期刊数据库,万方数据库,手工检索相关的中英文骨科杂志和会议论文,检索时间截止为2018年3月。纳入OWHTO和UKA治疗膝关节内侧骨性关节炎的对照研究,对文献质量进行评价,对文献报道的术后膝关节功能、术后并发症、术后全膝关节置换术(TKA)翻修率、术后疼痛等数据进行提取,采用RevMan 5.0软件对数据进行Meta分析。结果:纳入符合标准的文献共8篇,共675例患者。Meta分析结果显示,OWHTO组与UKA组在术后膝关节HSS评分、膝评分、功能评分、Lysholm评分差异无统计学意义(P=0.32,P=0.87,P=0.22,P=0.53),OWHTO组术后关节活动度优于UKA组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.009);两组术后并发症及术后TKA翻修率差异无统计学意义(P=0.81,P=0.23)。两组患者术后膝关节疼痛无差异。结论:在治疗符合手术指征的膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎时,采用OWHTO可获得与UKA相似的膝关节评分、术后并发症和术后TKA翻修率,但是OWHTO术后关节活动度更好。     

滑移截骨在关节外畸形全膝关节置换中的应用

目的:针对伴有复杂股骨关节外畸形导致的严重膝骨性关节炎、内翻膝患者在进行全膝关节置换手术时施行滑移截骨技术达到内外侧软组织平衡,观察其临床疗效.方法:自2014年6月至2018年1月共收治22例伴有复杂股骨关节外畸形的重度膝骨性关节炎患者,施行全膝关节置换手术.男5例,女17例;年龄48～76(61.3±13.8)岁....     

胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝内侧单间室骨关节炎的研究进展

骨关节炎（OA）是一种以软骨退行性变为主的疾病。该病常见于老年患者,病程末期可致严重的关节畸形,给患者的心理和生理带来极大的痛苦。胫骨高位截骨术（HTO）作为治疗单间室膝关节骨性关节炎（KOA）的手术方式,是一种安全、可靠的治疗方式。现已被广大医生及患者接受,特别是年轻患者的接受度更高。该技术的主要目的是改变下肢畸形力线,以延缓或解除内侧间室KOA的退行性改变。HTO一直被认为具有技术简单、手术创伤小、畸形矫正精确、术后恢复快等优点。多年来,随着手术技术的不断创新、内固定的不断改良,手术的适应证变得更为广泛。目前普遍认为HTO是一种比较理想的手术方式,长期临床效果良好。本文对近年来胫骨高位截骨术治疗单间室骨性关节炎的术前选择、手术方式、术后疗效、术后并发症及术后长期疗效进行综述。     

开放胫骨高位楔形截骨术治疗膝关节内翻畸形

目的 评价双平面开放胫骨高位楔形截骨治疗成人膝关节内翻畸形的手术效果.方法 回顾性分析2001年6月至2008年7月存在膝关节内侧单间室退行性改变伴内翻畸形且进行双平面开放胫骨高位楔形截骨术治疗的12例患者的一般资料.术前膝内翻畸形5.0°～19.0°,平均11.5°;膝关节屈伸活动度大于90°;不伴有其他关节间室病变;1例伴有外侧副韧带及前交叉韧带断裂,行韧带重建手术后二期进行开放截骨矫形术.术前膝关节症状以内侧间室疼痛为主.手术前后测量患者关节活动度的大小,并对患者进行Lysholm评分.术后对患者进行主观满意度调查.结果 12例患者术后平均随访时间32.5个月.截骨处至术后12～16周均获得骨性愈合.矫正角度5.5°～18.0°,平均9.5°.在随访期间内X线检查下肢力线维持在术后水平,内外侧间室及髌股间室均未发现明显退变进展.手术总体效果优良率为83.3%,Lysholm评分、内翻角度变化在手术前后均有统计学显著性差异.结论 双平面开放胫骨高位楔形截骨术对中青年膝关节内翻畸形伴单间室退行性改变有良好的早、中期效果.     

全膝关节置换术应用间隙平衡截骨的疗效评价

目的探讨间隙平衡截骨法结合测量截骨法在全膝关节置换(TKA)术中应用价值和疗效评价。 方法笔者自2012年1月至2015年6月在濮阳市中医院接受人工全膝关节置换术78例(82膝)骨关节炎的患者,纳入标准：初次全膝关节置换术;膝屈曲挛缩畸形角度≤ 15°;膝内翻畸形角度≤ 20°;Kellgren-Lawrence分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ级。排除标准：膝炎性关节疾病施行人工全膝关节置换术的患者;患者伴发严重的内科疾病;资料不完整、未使用同一厂家生产的后稳定型固定平台假体的患者。其中平衡组38例(40膝),测量组40例(42膝)。比较分析2组患者的手术情况、影像学、膝关节功能恢复情况及患者满意度。采用成组设计资料t检验进行统计学分析。 结果78例患者均获随访,随访时间平均(7.6±2.4)个月。2组患者的年龄、性别、体重指数、术前下肢机械力线及KSS评分等指标的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。测量组与平衡组单膝手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术中2组胫骨外侧及股骨远端外侧截骨量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),2组股骨外后髁截骨量比较有显著性差异(t＝4.36, P<0.05)。平衡组选择9 mm垫片者(29例)显著多于测量组(13例)(Z＝－5.28,P<0.05)。术中两钉孔连线B线与AP垂直线A线的夹角<2°,测量组外旋角度(1.1±0.5)°,平衡组内旋角度(1.2±0.5)°,术后患膝伸直应力位X线片示内外侧股胫关节角2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但屈膝90°应力下X线片示内外侧股胫关节角2组间差异有统计学意义(内t＝6.76,外t＝7.18, P<0.05)。术后下肢力线与小腿解剖轴线夹角两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月膝关节KSS评分2组间差异有统计学意义(t＝4.86, P<0.05),术后患者满意度调查表示平衡组优良率87.5%(35/40例),测量组优良率71.4%(30/42例)。 结论间隙平衡截骨法结合测量截骨法能取得良好的下肢力线和屈伸间隙平衡,还能避免屈曲失稳的并发症。术中易导致股骨假体内旋,要注意调整两钉孔连线B线与AP垂直线A线的夹角。     

胫骨高位截骨术研究新进展

胫骨高位截骨术是治疗膝关节内侧骨关节炎的有效方法,目标是纠正下肢不正常的力线,以减缓膝关节的退行性改变.近年来,该技术不断完善,研究成果主要包括:扩大了适应证范围,如中老年患者;增加了可选择的截骨方式与固定方式,根据不同情况可采取闭合、开放或圆顶式截骨附加内固定或外固定;改良了手术技巧,如保持对侧皮质的完整性、经胫骨结节下方截骨等,以减少并发症;明确了评价依据和观测指标,胫股角能较好地反映下肢对线情况;提供了更多关于患者随访的报道,揭示胫骨高位截骨术能获得良好的满意率和长期效果.     

胫骨内侧高位截骨术后胫骨相关角度的变化

目的通过测量,观察胫骨内侧高位截骨术对胫骨后倾角等相关角度的影响,探讨其临床意义。方法1997~2002年,对33例(36膝)膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎患者行胫骨内侧高位截骨术。男6例,女27例;年龄45~72岁,平均58岁。在手术前后X线片上测量胫骨后倾角,Insall-Salvati指数,胫骨结节高度。采用配对t检验进行统计学分析。结果胫骨内侧高位截骨,术后胫骨后倾角、胫骨结节高度无丢失,差别有显著意义(P<0·05)。结论胫骨内侧高位截骨术后,胫骨后倾角无减小,无低位髌骨等并发症出现,提示该术较胫骨外侧截骨术具有优势。     

胫骨后倾截骨对后十字韧带保留型全膝关节置换术疗效的影响

目的 探讨胫骨后倾截骨对后十字韧带保留型全膝关节置换术后临床疗效的影响.方法 2008年1月至2009年3月应用胫骨后倾5°截骨(后倾组)进行后十字韧带保留型全膝关节置换治疗骨关节炎患者27例(27膝),男7例7膝,女20例20膝;平均年龄69.5岁.同期应用胫骨后倾0°截骨(非后倾组)57例57膝,男15例15膝,女42例42膝;平均年龄67.4岁.两组患者术前一般资料、膝关节最大伸直角度、最大屈曲角度和美国膝关节协会评分(knee society score,KSS评分)差异均无统计学意义.比较术后两组胫骨后倾角、关节最大伸直角度、最大屈曲角度和KSS评分的差异.结果 所有患者均获随访12～24个月,平均(15.7±4.3)个月.未发生腓总神经损伤、伤口感染、假体脱位、假体松动等并发症.后倾组术后胫骨后倾角5.7°±2.1°,非后倾组0.9°±0.6°.后倾组术后关节最大伸直角度0.8°±0.3°,非后倾组1.2°±0.4°,差异无统计学意义.后倾组术后关节最大屈曲角度115.7°±4.8°,非后倾组101.1°±5.6°,差异有统计学意义.后倾组术后KSS评分(87.6±5.9)分,非后倾组(83.3±7.2)分,差异无统计学意义.结论 在后十字韧带保留型全膝关节置换术中胫骨后倾截骨可以增加术后关节最大屈曲角度,但对最大伸直角度和KSS评分无明显影响.     

Outcomes of total knee arthroplasty following high tibial osteotomy

Background:

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) following high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a technically demanding procedure with varying results. The purpose of our study was to analyze the clinicoradiological results of TKA following HTO and to identify the factors that may influence the final outcome.

Materials and Methods:

55 patients (58 knees) who had undergone a previous HTO were treated with a TKA from 1991 to 2009. There were 34 female and 21 male patients. The average age was 61.9 years (range 52-82 years) and the average weight was 79.5 kg (range 54-106 kg), with an average body mass index of 29.6 (range 21.8-34.6) at the time of TKA. The knee society scores (KSSs) and knee society functional scores were evaluated for every patient pre and postoperatively and the results evaluated.

Results:

The mean period of followup was 11.2 years (range 3-18 years) and the patients were followed up every year. The average KSS score at final followup improved from 38.5 (range 0-80 points) preoperatively to 88.5 postoperatively (range 35-95 points) (P < 0.05). The mean femorotibial angle corrected from 6.8 degrees (range 5-12°) varus preoperatively to a valgus of 4.4 (2-8°) degrees postoperatively. The average joint line height improved to an average of 9.6 mm (range 4.4-22 mm) (P < 0.01) at the last followup. The average Insall Salvatti Ratio also improved (average 1.11 preoperative - 1.21 average postoperative) (P < 0.05). The average range of motion improved to 108° (range 85°-125°) from 76° preoperative (range 55°-100°) (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Although TKA postHTO is a demanding surgery however, with newer component designs, results are comparable to primary TKA. Technical difficulties in exposure can sometimes lead to component malpositioning, which can affect the final outcome. Inadequate soft tissue balancing and limb malalignment should always be kept in mind. Regular followup to look for evidences of loosening is advised in such patients].     

Clinico-radiological study of total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy

The results of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and problems encountered during the operation were investigated in 23 patients (28 knees). HTO was performed by Coventry's method in 18 knees and by Maquet's method in 10 knees. The mean interval from HTO to TKA was 86 months (range, 3 to 288 months) and the mean follow-up period after TKA was 25 months (range, 6 to 116 months). Radiological evaluation showed that the proximal part of the tibia was shifted and tilted lateroinferiorly after HTO. Thus, a tendency to patella infera was observed. Lateral shift of the proximal part of the tibia was more marked with Maquet's method than with Coventry's method (P < 0.01). Posterior inclination of the tibial articular surface before TKA was smaller in the patients who gained a range of motion of 90° or more after TKA than in those with less than 90° (P < 0.05). In patients with 70 points or more on the three-university score after TKA, there was no change in the joint line level between before and after TKA, while the joint line was significantly lower after TKA in those with less than 70 points (P < 0.01). When TKA is done after HTO, various technical problems may influence the outcome, such as correction of the soft tissue imbalance, in addition to difficulties with patellar eversion and exposure of the proximal part of the tibia. The clinical results of TKA after HTO tend to be slightly inferior to those of primary TKA, probably because of such technical problems. Received for publication on Nov. 12, 1998; accepted on June 22, 1999     

Total knee arthroplasty after failed high tibial osteotomy long-term follow-up of matched groups

Forty patients with 51 knee arthroplasties after high tibial osteotomy were compared with a matched group of patients with primary knee arthroplasties. Patients were matched according to length of follow-up, age, sex, prosthetic design, and surgeon. At an average of 12.6 years, the patients were reviewed and assessed clinically using the Hospital for Special Surgery scoring system. Radiologic assessment was also performed. Although the overall Hospital for Special Surgery scores showed no significant difference between the 2 groups, there were more patients in the osteotomy group with a poor result (P = .027), significantly reduced flexion (P = .006), and higher reoperation rate. There were more failures after high tibial osteotomy. Failures tend to occur in the medium to long term, emphasizing the importance of long-term follow-up.     

Total knee arthroplasty after failed high tibial osteotomy

The objective of this review was to propose surgical techniques for different technical problems in total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy and to discuss the literature on the subject. Whereas early results of high tibial osteotomy in the treatment of unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee were promising, long-term follow-up indicates recurrence of symptoms and finally the need for total knee replacement in most cases. One of the major problems caused by high tibial osteotomy is an extraarticular deformity difficult to correct with ligament balancing. Based on the parameters “valgus angle”, “ROM” and “patella position”, the knees were evaluated and classified, then surgical techniques for the different grades of this classification were described. Most studies show that arthroplasty in a knee after osteotomy is more prone to complications such as persisting pain, malalignement and infections. After reviewing the literature, the overall results of total knee arthroplasties after failed high tibial osteotomy were found to be inferior to that after primary total knee arthroplasty. We concluded that total knee arthroplasty after failed high tibial osteotomy is technically more demanding than primary arthroplasty and that the use of the appropriate technique, determined by meticulous preoperative planning, is crucial for the outcome of the procedure.     

Extended tibial tubercle osteotomy in total knee arthroplasty

Thirty tibial tubercle osteotomies were performed to obtain exposure and facilitate patellar tracking in 29 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. The thickness and width of the bone fragment were gradually tapered from proximal to distal. Fixation was obtained with three or four titanium screws. Average follow-up period was 18 months. Twenty-nine of the osteotomies healed primarily. In one patient, postoperative displacement of the tibial tubercle developed requiring additional screw and suture fixation. Extended tibial tubercle osteotomy is a useful technique during difficult total knee arthroplasty. Poor tibial bone stock is a relative contraindication. The authors recommend that a long tapered bone fragment that is 1.5 to 2 cm thick at the level of the tibial tubercle be elevated and fixation achieved with screws.     

Mid-term results of total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy

Background The outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is still controversial. In order to determine if osteotomy has any effect on this outcome we performed a medium-term review of a cohort of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Materials and methods Thirty-two patients (38 knees), who were treated with a HTO before the TKA during the last 8 years, were compared with a matched group who underwent primary TKA. The knees were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively according to the scoring systems of the Knee Society and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS). The anteroposterior tibiofemoral alignment, the Insall–Salvati patellar position ratio, range-of-motion and the location of the lateral joint line, were also recorded. The patients were reviewed with a mean follow-up of 4.5 years after TKA. Results The preoperative and postoperative knee scores had no statistically significant differences between the two groups. So was the case with the intraoperative releases, blood loss, thromboembolic or neurologic complications and infection rates in either group. Access to perform the arthroplasty was reportedly more difficult and took an average of 25 min longer. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was detected in terms of impingement of the tibial stem on the lateral tibial cortex, patellar subluxation and patella baja between the two groups but this did not have any influence on the outcome of the prosthesis. Knee alignment and stability so as range of motion (ROM) measurements were also found with no statistical significance. Conclusion Although we did manage to detect statistically significant differences mainly in radiographic results between the two groups, this situation did not appear to influence the clinical outcome of the patients, however. The fact that most of the patients had good or excellent results at an average follow-up of 4.5 years suggests that HTO does not have a significant negative effect on later TKA.     

全膝关节置换术中不同截骨顺序的比较

目的 比较不同截骨顺序在全膝关节置换术中应用的临床效果.方法 对40例患者40膝行全膝关节置换术,根据不同截骨顺序分成2组:观察组20膝,先行股骨截骨;对照组20膝,先行胫骨截骨.比较两组手术时间、术后引流量、术前术后膝关节功能情况及HSS评分,并进行统计学分析.结果 40例患者均获得随访,时间3～14个月.手术时间和术后引流量:观察组分别为(52.1±14.3)min和(324±46)ml;对照组分别为(75.5±16.7)min和(416±50)ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).术后6周和12周的膝关节活动度:观察组分别为87.5°±13.1°和100.5°±8.2°;对照组分别为86.6°±14.7°和101.3°±6.2°,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后6周和12周的HSS评分:观察组分别为(89.43±9.6)分和(91.72±7.6)分;对照组分别为(89.95±8.9)分和(90.87±8.5)分,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 全膝关节置换术先行股骨截骨可以为胫骨的操作获得更大的操作空间,手术操作简便,可以缩短手术时间,减少失血量.     

Tibial tubercle osteotomy in total knee arthroplasty surgery

Tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) is a recognized technique for improving exposure when performing total knee arthroplasty surgery. Forty-two patients were reviewed at a mean of 8 years after TTO. Preoperatively, mean extension was 8 degrees +/- 14 degrees , mean flexion 74 degrees +/- 30 degrees , and Knee Society score 73 +/- 37. At latest follow-up, mean extension was 4 degrees +/- 15 degrees , mean flexion 91 degrees +/- 22 degrees , and Knee Society score 124 +/- 42.6 (P < or = .0001). Seventy-three percent of patients had an excellent/good score at latest follow-up. Twenty-five percent of patients experienced no extensor lag, and 66% of extensor lags had resolved within 6 months. Mean time for osteotomy union was 14 weeks. In this series, TTO performed to enhance surgical exposure did not adversely affect the outcome after total knee arthroplasty but resulted in serious complications in 5% of patients.     

The outcome of sequential repeated tibial tubercle osteotomy performed in 2-stage revision arthroplasty for infected total knee arthroplasty

Thirteen patients with infected total knee arthroplasty treated by 2-stage revision requiring tibial tubercle osteotomy in both stages for extensile exposure were retrospectively analyzed. The preoperative mean range of knee motion improved from 60° (range, 30°-90°) to 94° (range, 70°-120°) at latest follow-up. The Knee Society knee scores and function scores were 39 and 18 preoperatively and 78 and 67 at latest follow-up, respectively. Although proximal migration occurred in 3 cases and a partial proximal avulsion fracture of the osteotomy segment occurred in 1 case after the second-stage reimplantation, radiographic bony union was observed in all cases. Sequential repeated tibial tubercle osteotomy can be a useful extensile surgical approach in staged revision for infected total knee arthroplasty with satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes.     

胫骨高位截骨术与单髁置换术治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效

目的 探讨胫骨高位截骨术(HTO)与单髁置换术(UKA)治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效.方法 将60例膝内侧间室骨关节炎患者按治疗方法的不同分为HTO组和UKA组,每组30例.比较术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量、并发症发生情况.记录两组术前及末次随访时疼痛VAS评分、Tegner膝关节运动评分、HSS评分.结果 患者均...