食管癌血管内皮生长因子和受体的表达及在癌转移中的作用

目的观察人食管癌组织和淋巴管中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF-C)及其受体-3(VEGFR-3)的表达,探讨食管癌的淋巴道转移机制。方法取临床手术切除的食管癌组织,用免疫组化方法检测人食管癌早期和进展期癌细胞或淋巴管对VEGF-C及其VEGFR-3的表达情况。结果在食管癌的癌细胞中可见VEGF-C阳性表达,阳性颗粒主要定位于肿瘤细胞胞浆内。淋巴管内皮细胞仅见VEGFR-3阳性表达,VEGFR-3在血管和癌细胞中也存在少量阳性表达。进展期食管癌VEGF-C和VEGFR-3的表达率和表达强度均强于早期。结论食管癌癌细胞VEGF-C的表达和淋巴管内皮细胞上VEGFR-3的表达均与肿瘤进展呈正相关,推测VEGF-C通过受体VEGFR-3促进食管癌组织淋巴管生成,从而引起癌淋巴道转移。     

血管内皮生长因子C及其受体3在人恶性黑色素瘤组织内的表达及意义

目的 观察人恶性黑色素瘤组织内血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)及其受体3(VEGFR-3)的表达,探讨VEGF-C和VEGFR-3在恶性黑色素瘤淋巴管生成及淋巴道转移中的作用.方法 取人恶性黑色素瘤组织48例(石蜡标本30例,术后新鲜组织18例),应用免疫组织化学和RT-PCR技术,观察VEGF-C和VEGFR-3蛋白及mRNA在恶性黑色素瘤组织内的表达情况.以淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体(LYVE-1)标记淋巴管,计数恶性黑色素瘤组织淋巴管数密度.结果 VEGF-C和VEGFR-3蛋白主要表达于恶性黑色素瘤细胞胞浆内,在肿瘤周围的血管和淋巴管内皮上也可见VEGFR-3蛋白表达,VEGF-C和VEGFR-3蛋白在淋巴结转移组恶性黑色素瘤组织内的表达水平明显高于无淋巴结转移组(P<0.05).在18例新鲜恶性黑色素瘤中,淋巴结转移组VEGF-C和VEGFR-3mRNA的表达明显高于无淋巴结转移组(P<0.01).LYVE-1表达于肿瘤间质内的淋巴管内皮细胞,淋巴结转移组恶性黑色素瘤组织中的淋巴管数密度(LMVD)为9.845±2.454,无淋巴结转移组恶性黑色素瘤组织中的淋巴管数密度为6.534±2.193,淋巴结转移组恶性黑色素瘤组织内的淋巴管数密度明显高于无淋巴结转移组(P<0.01).结论恶性黑色素瘤组织内VEGF-C表达明显增高,并通过上调其受体VEGFR-3的表达促进恶性黑色素瘤组织内淋巴管的生成,从而促进恶性黑色素瘤的淋巴道转移.     

直肠腺癌VEGF-C及VEGFR-3的表达与淋巴转移的关系

目的为探讨癌细胞淋巴管转移机理,观察血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)和血管内皮生长因子受体-3(VEGFR-3)在直肠腺癌组织及淋巴管的表达。方法取人直肠腺癌手术材料30例,用免疫组化方法检测癌区和癌周正常区VEGF-C和VEGFR-3的表达情况。结果VEGF-C主要表达在直肠腺癌的癌细胞胞浆,VEGFR-3主要在淋巴管内皮细胞有阳性表达,两者在癌区的表达率均高于正常区直肠组织;癌区淋巴管的平均面密度(33.81±5.67)高于正常区平均面密度(20.13±3.27)。结论VEGF-C和VEGFR-3在人直肠腺癌中的过表达,可能与淋巴管增生和扩张,促进癌细胞的淋巴转移有关。     

胃癌不同部位血管内皮生长因子C及其受体的表达和淋巴管计数

目的 观察胃癌原发灶、淋巴结转移灶及癌旁组织中血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)及其受体(VEGFR-3)表达水平和淋巴管(LV)计数,探讨3者的相互关系及其临床病理意义.方法 49例胃癌手术切除原发灶、36例淋巴结转移灶标本和20例癌旁组织常规制作石蜡包埋切片,VEGF-C、VEGFR-3和LV染色方法均为SP免疫组化法.结果 胃癌原发灶组织VEGF-C、VEGFR-3阳性表达率及LV计数明显高于癌旁组织[(61.2%比25.0%,P＜0.01;57.1%比25.0%,P＜0.05;(13.8±5.2)个/HP比(6.8±3.2)个/HP,P＜0.01].胃癌淋巴结转移灶组织VEGF-C、VEGFR-3表达阳性率及LV计数亦明显高于癌旁组织[61.1%比25.0%,P＜0.01;58.3%比25.0%,P＜0.05;(11.2±4.9)个/HP比(6.8±3.2)个/HP,P＜0.01].组织学分级Ⅱ级、侵袭深度T1～T2、无区域淋巴结转移、N1站淋巴结转移及无远处转移胃癌VEGF-C、VEGFR-3表达阳性率及LV计数均明显低于组织学分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级、侵袭深度T3～T4、区域淋巴结转移、N2～N3站淋巴结转移及远处转移病例(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).VEGF-C、VEGFR-3表达呈高度一致性(P＜0.01).胃癌原发灶及淋巴结转移灶中VEGF-C、VEGFR-3阳性病例LV计数明显高于阴性病例(P＜0.01).结论 VEGF-C、VEGFR-3和LV可能是反映胃癌发生发展、侵袭潜力、转移发生及预后的重要生物学标记物.VEGF-C通过与VEGFR-3结合具有促胃癌淋巴管生成作用.     

血管内皮生长因子C及血管内皮生长因子受体3在人直肠腺癌中的表达及其意义

目的:检测血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)及血管内皮生长因子受体3(VEGFR-3)在人直肠癌组织和淋巴结中的表达,探讨VEGF-C在人直肠癌发生、发展和淋巴结转移中的作用.方法:选用31例手术切除并经病理切片确诊为直肠腺癌的癌组织石蜡标本,采用免疫组织化学方法检测VEGF-C及VEGFR-3在癌组织和淋巴结内的表达.结果:在31例直肠腺癌组织的癌细胞质中,VEGF-C显色阳性者54.8%;VEGFR-3显色阳性者64.5%;在14例淋巴结中,VEGF-C显色阳性者71.4%;VEGFR-3显色阳性者64.3%.结论:VEGF-C和VEGFR-3在直肠癌组织和淋巴结中均有较高表达,VEGF-C通过与VEGFR-3结合,促使淋巴管内皮细胞增殖、迁移并形成新的淋巴管,导致癌细胞转移.     

血管内皮生长因子D和血管内皮生长因子受体3在人结肠癌中的表达及淋巴道转移中的作用

目的 观察血管内皮生长因子D(VEGF-D)和血管内皮生长因子受体3(VEGFR-3)在人结肠癌组织中的表达,检测结肠癌组织中的微淋巴管密度(LMVD),探讨VEGF-D和VEGFR-3在淋巴管生成以及结肠癌淋巴道转移中的作用.方法 选择55例不同时期,不同分化程度的人结肠癌组织样本,应用免疫组织化学染色的方法,观察VEGF-D和VEGFR-3在人结肠癌组织中的表达,应用Podoplanin标记淋巴管,检测结肠癌组织中的淋巴管密度.结果 在55例结肠癌组织中,VEGF-D的阳性表达率为54.5%,明显高于在癌周正常组织内的表达(P＜0.05);结肠癌组织中VEGFR-3表达的阳性率为69.1%,明显高于在癌周正常组织内的表达(P＜0.01);并且VEGFR-3的表达与VEGF-D的表达具有显著相关性(P＜0.01).在结肠癌组织中,淋巴结转移阳性组,浸润深度超过肌层组,DukeC、D期的VEGF-D的表达水平和LMVD明显高于淋巴结转移阴性组,浸润深度未超过肌层组,Duke A、B期(P＜0.01),经计数淋巴管数量,癌组织中的LMVD明显高于癌周正常组织(P＜0.01),并且LMVD与VEGF-D的表达显著相关(P＜0.01).结论 结肠癌组织中VEGF-D的表达水平随着癌的浸润和转移程度的增强而增高,并且通过上调其受体VEGFR-3的表达而促进癌组织中淋巴管的生成,从而促进癌的浸润和转移.     

VEGF-C及VEGFR-3在乳腺癌中的表达

目的探讨乳腺癌中血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)、血管内皮生长因子受体-3(VEGFR-3)的表达及与淋巴管生成的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测57例乳腺癌组织中VEGF-C及VEGFR-3的表达,并在显微镜下记数VEGFR-3标记的脉管。结果淋巴结转移组VEGF-C的阳性率(90.48%)显著高于无淋巴结转移组(47.22%)(P<0.05);淋巴结转移组VEGFR-3阳性脉管数(7.62±1.18)显著高于无淋巴结转移组(5.27±0.96)(P<0.05);VEGF-C的阳性表达与VEGFR-3阳性脉管数呈正相关,相关系数为r为0.882(P<0.05)。结论 VEGF-C及VEGFR-3与乳腺癌的生长,淋巴管的生长及淋巴结的转移有关。     

血管内皮生长因子C及其受体表达与肝细胞癌侵袭转移的关系

目的 研究人肝细胞癌(HCC)组织中血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)、血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR-2)及VEGFR-3表达与HCC临床病理特征之间的关系.方法 取HCC石蜡切片标本50例及正常肝组织标本15例,免疫组化法检测止常肝组织及HCC组织中VEGF-C、VEGFR-2及VEGFR-3表达,分析其与HCC临床病理特征之间的关系.结果 (1)HCC组织中VEGF-C、VEGFR-2及VEGFR-3表达阳性率高于正常肝组织(62%比26.7%,34%比6.7%,40%比0%,P均<0.05).(2)HCC组织中,VEGF-C表达与肝内转移、门静脉癌柃形成及肝门淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05);VEGFR-2表达与肝内转移及门静脉癌栓形成有关(P<0.05);VEGFR-3表达与肝门淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05).结论 HCC组织中VEGF-C、VEGFR-2及VEGFR-3表达与HCC的侵袭及转移有密切关系.     

胃癌不同部位血管内皮生长因子C及其受体的表达和淋巴管计数

目的观察胃癌原发灶、淋巴结转移灶及癌旁组织中血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)及其受体(VEGFR-3)表达水平和淋巴管(LV)计数,探讨3者的相互关系及其临床病理意义。方法49例胃癌手术切除原发灶、36例淋巴结转移灶标本和20例癌旁组织常规制作石蜡包埋切片,VEGF-C、VEGFR-3和LV染色方法均为SP免疫组化法。结果胃癌原发灶组织VEGF-C、VEGFR-3阳性表达率及LV计数明显高于癌旁组织[(61.2%比25.0%,P<0.01;57.1%比25.0%,P<0.05;(13.8±5.2)个/HP比(6.8±3.2)个/HP,P<0.01]。胃癌淋巴结转移灶组织VEGF-C、VEGFR-3表达阳性率及LV计数亦明显高于癌旁组织[61.1%比25.0%,P<0.01;58.3%比25.0%,P<0.05;(11.2±4.9)个/HP比(6.8±3.2)个/HP,P<0.01]。组织学分级Ⅱ级、侵袭深度T1～T2、无区域淋巴结转移、N1站淋巴结转移及无远处转移胃癌VEGF-C、VEGFR-3表达阳性率及LV计数均明显低于组织学分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级、侵袭深度T3～T4、区域淋巴结转移、N2～N3站淋巴结转移及远处转移病例(P<0.05或P<0.01)。VEGF-C、VEGFR-3表达呈高度一致性(P<0.01)。胃癌原发灶及淋巴结转移灶中VEGF-C、VEGFR-3阳性病例LV计数明显高于阴性病例(P<0.01)。结论VEGF-C、VEGFR-3和LV可能是反映胃癌发生发展、侵袭潜力、转移发生及预后的重要生物学标记物。VEGF-C通过与VEGFR-3结合具有促胃癌淋巴管生成作用。     

腮腺癌中血管内皮生长因子和血管内皮生长因子受体3表达与淋巴结转移

目的:研究血管内皮生长因子C及受体3(VEGF-C、VEGFR-3)在腮腺癌中的表达及其与淋巴结转移的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测62例腮腺癌标本组织中VEGF-C、VEGFR-3的表达,并计算其阳性表达率。结果:VEGF-C、VEGFR-3在腮腺癌中显著表达,其阳性率分别是51.6%、48.4%,与淋巴结转移密切相关。结论:VEGF-C、VEGFR-3与淋巴结转移有相关性,为肿瘤细胞淋巴道转移提供了条件,可以作为判断腮腺癌患者预后的一个重要指标。     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C and its receptor in invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast

Invasion to lymphatic vessels and metastasis to lymph nodes are frequent complications in invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of human breast cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and its receptor, VEGFR-3 have been implicated as the important factors in the formation of lymphatic vessels and recent experimental evidence strongly suggests that lymphangiogenesis in tumor promotes lymphatic metastasis. To clarify the mechanism of its occurrence, the expression of VEGF-C, VEGFR-3 and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was examined in 40 cases of IMPC (pure and mixed type) and in 40 cases of pseudo-IMPC. Cytoplasmic expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 were more frequent in tumor cells of IMPC compared to those of pseudo-IMPC. A significant positive correlation was found between the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in both IMPC and pseudo-IMPC. The expression of VEGF-C was also significantly associated with higher peritumoral LVD, lymphatic invasion and number of lymph node metastasis in IMPC. These findings suggest that VEGF-C promotes the proliferation of peritumoral lymphatic vessels and that lymphatic invasion and metastasis to lymph nodes are frequently induced in IMPC of breast.     

人喉癌组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D及其受体3的表达及意义

目的 探讨喉癌组织中VEGF—C、D和受体VEGFR-3的表达及其在喉癌进展中的作用。方法 取人喉癌标本12例,正常及良性病变喉组织10例,免疫组化法观察VEGF—C、VEGF—D、VEGFR-3以及LYVE-1的表达。结果 VEGF—C和VEGF—D主要表达于喉癌细胞胞浆内,喉癌组织中VEGF—C和VEGF—D表达的阳性率明显高于正常及良性病变喉组织（P〈0．05）;VEGFR-3主要表达于基底层的癌细胞,在喉癌组织中VEGFR-3表达的阳性率明显高于正常和良性病变组织中（P〈0．01）,并且VEGFR-3的表达与VEGF—C、VEGF—D的表达显著正相关（P〈0．01）。LYVE—1仅见表达于淋巴管内皮细胞。结论 喉癌组织中VEGF—C、VEGP-D的表达明显增高,推测可能通过与VEGFR-3的结合促进喉癌组织中淋巴管的生成;LYVE-1是淋巴管内皮细胞较特异的标记物。     

VEGFR-3 in adult angiogenesis.

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3, Flt-4), the receptor for vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) C and D, is expressed on lymphatic endothelium and may play a role in lymphangiogenesis. In embryonic life, VEGFR-3 is essential for blood vessel development. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether VEGFR-3 is also involved in blood vessel angiogenesis in the adult. This was studied in human tissues showing angiogenesis and in a model of VEGF-A-induced iris neovascularization in the monkey eye, by the use of immunohistochemistry at the light and electron microscopic level. VEGFR-3 was expressed on endothelium of proliferating blood vessels in tumours. In granulation tissue, staining was observed in the proliferative superficial zone in plump blood vessel sprouts, in the intermediate zone in blood vessels and long lymphatic sprouts, and in the deeper fibrous zone in large lymphatics, in a pattern demonstrating that lymphangiogenesis follows behind blood vessel angiogenesis in granulation tissue formation. At the ultrastructural level, VEGFR-3 was localized in the cytoplasm and on the cell membrane of endothelial cells of sprouting blood vessels and sprouting lymphatics. In monkey eyes injected with VEGF-A, blood vessel sprouts on the anterior iris surface and pre-existing blood vessels in the iris expressed VEGFR-3. In conclusion, these results support a role for VEGFR-3 and its ligands VEGF-C and/or VEGF-D in cell-to-cell signalling in adult blood vessel angiogenesis. The expression of VEGFR-3 in VEGF-A-induced iris neovascularization and in pre-existing blood vessels exposed to VEGF-A suggests that this receptor and possibly its ligands are recruited in VEGF-A-driven angiogenesis.     

Correlation of vascular endothelial growth factor-D expression and VEGFR-3-positive vessel density with lymph node metastasis in gastric carcinoma

Lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) is a lymphangiogenic growth factor that activates VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-3, a receptor expressed in the lymphatic endothelium. We investigated the clinical value of VEGF-D expression and VEGFR-3 positive vessel density in gastric carcinoma with regard to lymphangiogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression of VEGF-D and VEGFR- 3 in specimens from 104 cases of resected gastric cancer. VEGF-D expression was observed in 62.5% of the gastric cancers and in 9.6% of the non-neoplastic gastric tissue. The VEGFR-3-positive vessel density was significantly greater in the VEGFD positive group than the negative group. VEGF-D expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, increased serum CEA levels, and the nonsignet ring cell type. The VEGFR-3-positive vessel density was correlated with tumor size, lymphatic invasion, and lymph node metastasis. The VEGF-D expression and high VEGFR-3-positive vessel density were significant poor prognostic factors for relapse-free survival. These results suggest that VEGF-D and VEGFR-3-positive vessel density are potential molecular markers that predict lymphatic involvement in gastric carcinoma.     

大鼠原发性大肠腺癌细胞间黏附分子1的表达及其转移

目的:观察大鼠原发性大肠腺癌组织内细胞间黏附分子1(intercellular adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1)的表达,并探讨癌的转移。方法:应用免疫组化法检测大鼠原发性大肠腺癌组织中ICAM-1蛋白。结果:正常大肠组织内未见ICAM-1表达;ICAM-1蛋白主要表达于腺癌细胞和淋巴管内皮细胞内,中晚期腺癌细胞ICAM-1的阳性表达率是47．1％,明显低于早期的83．3％;中晚期腺癌组织内淋巴管内皮ICAM-1的阳性表达率82．4％明显高于早期的41．7％。结论:大肠腺癌细胞和淋巴管内皮细胞ICAM-1表达阳性,随大肠腺癌进展腺癌细胞表达减少,淋巴管内皮阳性表达增多,ICAM-1可能与大肠腺癌淋巴道转移有关。