乳香没药对细胞色素P450活性的影响

目的:考察乳香没药对细胞色素P450活性的影响。方法:56只小鼠分为对照组和乳香+没药3.15,2.10,1.05 g.kg-1剂量组,连续ig给药7 d;48只小鼠分为对照组和乳香、没药、乳香+没药组,ig给药3.15 g.kg-11次。所有小鼠末次药后30 min ip给予戊巴比妥钠,观察乳香没药对P450的影响。40只大鼠分为对照组、乳香组、没药组、乳香+没药组,以3.00 g.kg-1连续ig给药14 d,取肝脏制备各组动物肝微粒体,并用cocktail探针法考察乳香没药对大鼠CYP1A2,CYP2E1,CYP3A4的影响。结果:乳香+没药3.15,2.10,1.05 g.kg-1剂量连续给药7 d均可使戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠率降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),而单次给药3.15g.kg-1有使戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠率升高的趋势。乳香、没药及乳香+没药混合物组大鼠肝微粒体体外对非那西丁、氯唑沙宗代谢率显著高于对照组,而氨苯砜无明显差异。结论:乳香、没药连续用药均使CYP1A2,CYP2E1活性增强,而对CYP3A4则无显著影响。     

复方丹参滴丸对大鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450含量的影响

复方丹参滴丸是在复方丹参片基础上制成的一种滴丸剂,由丹参、三七、冰片3味药组成,具活血化瘀之功效,在治疗冠心病、心绞痛方面疗效确切.杨秋慧等[1,2]研究发现复方丹参片能诱导大鼠肝微粒体P450中CYP1A2,CYP2B1活性的增高,而CYP1A家族特别是CYP1A1、CYP1A2对于催化各种内外源物质致癌有重要作用.因此复方丹参诱导CYP1A2、CYP2B1活性增加具有使致癌物质活化的潜在危险性.     

参芎葡萄糖注射液的丹参组分对小鼠细胞色素P450的影响

目的:考察参芎葡萄糖注射液中的主要组分丹参(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,SM)水提取物对小鼠细胞色素P450酶(CYPs)主要亚型(CYP1A2,CYP2D22,CYP3A11和CYP2E1)的影响。方法:昆明种雄性小鼠分为5组,分别为正常组,苯巴比妥组,丹参水提取物组(3.9 mg·kg-1·d-1),丹参低、高剂量组(2.6,5.2 mg·kg-1·d-1),连续ig 7 d给药。取各组小鼠的肝脏组织,提取肝脏中RNA以及制备肝微粒体,检测各组小鼠CYP450酶活性,mRNA和蛋白水平的变化。结果:与正常组比较,丹参高剂量组可以显著降低CYP2E1的酶活性,mRNA和蛋白表达的水平(P0.05),丹参对CYP1A2,CYP3A11,CYP2D22没有显著性影响。结论:参芎葡萄糖注射液中的丹参组分可以影响CYP2E1的酶活性,mRNA以及蛋白的表达。     

中药对细胞色素P450 2E1影响的研究进展

细胞色素P450 2E1(CYP2E1)不仅参与药物代谢,还能催化许多前毒物和前致癌物的活化过程.近年发现许多中药能抑制或诱导CYP2E1活性,从而导致有益的和不利的药物相互作用.以近年国内外文献报道以及相关研究为依据,综述了中药有效成分、提取物和单复方对CYP2E1的影响,以及CYP2E1介导的中药药物相互作用,并对其影响机制进行简要介绍.以期为中药的临床合理使用,提高其有效性和安全性提供参考.     

参麦注射液对大鼠细胞色素P450酶亚型活性的影响

目的用Cocktail探针药物法研究参麦注射液对大鼠细胞色素P450酶(CYP450)6种亚型活性的影响。方法将SD大鼠随机分组,实验组ip给予参麦注射液(10 m L/kg),对照组ip给予等量生理盐水,诱导7 d,分别以非那西丁、安非他酮、甲苯磺丁脲、奥美拉唑、美托洛尔和咪达唑仑作为CYP1A2、CYP2B1、CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP2D6和CYP3A4的探针药物。UPLC-MS/MS法检测大鼠血浆中探针药物的血药浓度,采用DAS3.0软件估算药动学参数。结果与对照组相比,非那西丁、安非他酮和奥美拉唑的AUC0~∞、CL和Cmax显著降低(P0.05),甲苯磺丁脲、美托洛尔和咪达唑仑的AUC0~∞、CL和Cmax无显著性差异。结论参麦注射液对大鼠CYP1A2、CYP2B1和CYP2C19亚型的活性有明显的抑制作用,而对CYP2C9、CYP2D6和CYP3A4亚型的活性无显著性影响。     

丹参酚酸A对大鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450酶系的影响

目的:研究丹参酚酸A对大鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450和细胞色素b_5含量以及CYP1A2和CYP2E1活性的影响.方法:将大鼠分成溶剂对照组和丹参酚酸A给药组,每组10只,雌雄各半,丹参酚酸A给药组尾静脉注射给予丹参酚酸A 20 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),连续给药5 d;溶剂对照组给予相同剂量的溶剂,紫外分光光度法测定大鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450和细胞色素b_5含量;探针底物法评价CYP1A2和CYP2E1的活性.结果:丹参酚酸A尾静脉注射连续给药5 d后,大鼠细胞色素P450和细胞色素b_5含量与对照组比较均无显著性差异;CYP1A2和CYP2E1的活性与对照组比较也无显著性差异.结论:丹参酚酸A对CYP1A2和CYP2E1没有诱导或抑制作用,与经过CYP1A2和CYP2E1代谢的药物发生相互作用的可能性较小.     

桂枝汤对大鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450酶活性的影响

目的:研究桂枝汤对大鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450酶CYP1A2、CYP2D6和CYP3A4活性的影响。方法:18只大鼠被随机分成3组,每组6只。以生理盐水为空白对照,大鼠每日灌胃给予桂枝汤10 g/kg,连续7 d,测定其肝微粒体CYP1A2、CYP2D6和CYP3A4活性。结果:与对照组相比,桂枝汤对大鼠CYP1A2、CYP2D6和CYP3A4的活性无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:桂枝汤对大鼠CYP1A2、CYP2D6和CYP3A4活性无影响。     

复方丹参方对大鼠心脏细胞色素P450酶的影响

目的 研究复方丹参方及其单味药对大鼠心脏细胞色素P450酶（CYPs）主要亚型的影响。方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组,分别用复方丹参方 [0.32 g/(kg?d)]、丹参 [0.27 g/(kg?d)]、三七 [0.05 g/(kg?d)]、冰片 [0.003 g/(kg?d)] 或生理盐水连续ig诱导处理28 d,取各组大鼠心脏组织,利用Real Time荧光定量PCR技术检测各组大鼠心脏CYPs各亚型mRNA表达水平的变化。结果 与对照组比较,复方丹参方对大鼠心脏CYP1B1、CYP2B1、CYP2E1、CYP4A1和CYP4F4的mRNA表达有下调趋势（P＜0.05）。丹参对CYP1A1、CYP1B1、CYP2B1、CYP2C11、CYP2E1、CYP2J3、CYP4A1、CYP4F4和CYP4F5的mRNA表达有下调趋势（P＜0.05、0.01）,而对CYP4A3、CYP4F1和CYP4F6的mRNA表达有上调趋势（P＜0.05）。三七对CYP1A1、CYP1B1、CYP2B1、CYP2C11、CYP2E1、CYP2J3、CYP4A1、CYP4A3、CYP4F4、CYP4F5和CYP4F6的mRNA表达均有不同程度的抑制趋势（P＜0.05、0.01）。冰片对CYP1A1、CYP1B1、CYP2B1、CYP2C11、CYP4A1和CYP4F4的mRNA表达有下调作用（P＜0.01）。结论 复方丹参方全方对心脏CYPs 亚型mRNA表达影响弱于方中各单味药对CYPs的影响,显示复方对CYPs影响可能是各单味药作用的综合和叠加,同时全方及单味药对CYP2家族和CYP4家族的影响显示其对心脏均有双向调节作用。     

中药对细胞色素P450影响的研究进展

通过对有关中药影响细胞色素P450的文献进行检索和总结,从CYP450研究概况,中药化学成分、单味中药、中药复方对其影响几个方面综述了当前该研究领域的研究进展.提出研究中药,特别是中药复方对细胞色素P450的影响是中药现代化的重要内容之一,对指导临床合理用药具有非常重要的意义.     

白藜芦醇对细胞色素P450酶活性影响的研究进展

白藜芦醇是一种天然的抗氧化剂,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、缓解和预防心血管疾病等作用,研究白藜芦醇对常见细胞色素P450酶活性的影响,对临床白藜芦醇与其他药物联合使用具有积极意义.目前国内外大量的体内、体外实验证实白藜芦醇对细胞色素酶P450几种亚型的活性有影响,该文就近年的相关研究进行综述.     

黄芪甲苷对大鼠肝微粒体酶活性影响

目的:研究黄芪甲苷对CYP450酶的影响,为制定合理用药方案提供科学依据。方法:以甲苯磺丁脲、氯唑沙宗、香豆素、硝苯地平、非那西丁为探针药,HPLC测定探针药与相应代谢产物的浓度,在体外的孵育体系中研究黄芪甲苷对CPY2C9,CPY2E1,CPY2A6,CPY3A4和CPY1A2酶活性的影响。结果:黄芪甲苷对CYP1A2,CYP2A6,CYP2E1酶的活性没有明显的影响,而对CYP2C9和CYP3A4酶的IC50分别为35.40,88.22μmol.L-1。结论:黄芪甲苷对CYP2C9和CYP3A4酶有明显的抑制作用,在与经由CYP2C9,CYP3A4酶代谢的药物合用时,可能会产生药物相互作用。     

Inhibitory effects of curcumenol on human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes

Curcumenol, one of the major components of Zedoary turmeric oil, has been widely used to treat cancer and inflammation. As an antibiotic or anticancer drug, curcumenol is highly likely to be used in combination with various synthetic drugs in most cases, thus it is necessary to evaluate potential pharmacokinetic drug‐drug interactions induced by curcumenol. In this study, the inhibitory effects of curcumenol on seven CYP isoforms were investigated, and the results demonstrated that only CYP3A4 was strongly inhibited (IC₅₀ = 12.6 ± 1.3 μM). Kinetic analysis showed the inhibition type was competitive with K_i value of 10.8 μM. Time‐ and NADPH‐dependent inhibitions were also investigated to show curcumenol is not a mechanism‐based inhibitor. Employing these in vitro data and maximum plasma concentration of curcumenol in human predicted from beagle dog's in vivo pharmacokinetic data, the change in AUC of victim drugs was predicted to be 0.4%, which suggested that curcumenol may be safely used without inducing metabolic drug‐drug interaction through P450 inhibition. Nevertheless, due to the limited pharmacokinetic data available for curcumenol in humans, it is still not possible to evaluate its potential clinical effects on human patients from in vitro data. Thus, the magnitude of drug‐drug interaction (DDI) induced by curcumenol warrants further investigation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

艾迪注射液对体外人和大鼠肝微粒体中CYP450酶的抑制作用

目的研究艾迪注射液(斑蝥、人参、黄芪等)对体外人和大鼠肝微粒体中细胞色素P450(CYP450)酶的抑制作用,并比较种属差异性,评价其发生药物相互作用的可能性。方法在肝微粒体孵育体系中,将艾迪注射液分别与混合探针底物(非那西丁/CYP1A2、氯唑沙宗/CYP2E1、右美沙芬/CYP2D6、奥美拉唑/CYP2C19、甲苯磺丁脲/CYP2C9、咪达唑仑/CYP3A4、睾酮/CYP3A4)共同孵育,UPLC-MS/MS检测各探针底物的代谢物生成量,采用Graph Pad v5.0软件计算半数抑制浓度(IC50)。结果艾迪注射液对人和大鼠肝微粒体中CYP1A2、CYP2E1、CYP2D6、CYP2C19和CYP2C9的IC50值在4.101%~10.07%范围内,对人和大鼠肝微粒体中CYP3A4(咪达唑仑)的IC50值分别为169.6%和9.133%,对CYP3A4(睾酮)的IC50值分别为8.472%和49.25%。结论艾迪注射液对CYP1A2、CYP2E1、CYP2D6、CYP2C19、CYP2C9和CYP3A4有不同程度的抑制作用,其中CYP3A4具有明显的种属差异性。     

Modulatory effects of Kaempferia parviflora extract on mouse hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Kaempferia parviflora is a herbal plant, the extracts of which are commonly used as alternative medicines. It widely uses as aphrodisiac, anti-inflammation, anti-microbacterial, and anti-peptic ulcer.

Aim of the study

In order to obtain an effective utilization and safety of the herb, the influence of Kaempferia parviflora on hepatic CYP450 metabolizing enzymes including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B, CYP2E1, and CYP3A was investigated.

Materials and methods

The impact of Kaempferia parviflora on CYP450 both in vitro and in vivo was examined by using ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylation, methoxyresorufin O-dealkylation, pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylation, p-nitrophenol hydroxylation, and erythromycin N-demethylation assays, respectively.

Results

In vitro studies using non-induced mouse hepatic microsomes in the presence or absence of Kaempferia parviflora extract showed that Kaempferia parviflora extract altered CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B, and CYP2E1 activities by non-competitive, mixed-competitive, competitive, and uncompetitive mechanisms, respectively. Among these enzymes, CYP1A2 was affected by Kaempferia parviflora based on the highest value of V_max (15.276 ± 0.206 nmol/min) and lowest of K_i value (0.008 ± 0.002 μg/ml). In addition, the plant extract also modulated CYP2B activity based on the low K_m value (1.599 ± 0.147 pmol). For in vivo studies, mice were orally treated with 250 mg/kg of Kaempferia parviflora extract for 7, 14, and 21 days. The results demonstrated that Kaempferia parviflora extract significantly induced CYP1A1, CYP1A2 enzyme activities following short-term treatment. CYP2B enzyme activities were markedly increased all Kaempferia parviflora extract treatment timepoints, whereas Kaempferia parviflora extract significantly enhanced CYP2E1 activity only after long-term treatment. However, Kaempferia parviflora extract did not affect the CYP3A enzyme activity.

Conclusions

Kaempferia parviflora extract modulated several CYP450 enzyme activities, thus, its utilization with drugs or other herbs should raise concern for potential drug–herb interactions.     

Inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes by rhein in rat liver microsomes

Rhein, an active ingredient extensively found in plants such as Aloe, Cassitora L., rhubarb and so on, has been used for a long time in China. Pharmacological tests revealed that rhein not only had a strong antibacterial action, but also may be useful in cancer chemotherapy as a biochemical modulator. Its therapeutic action and toxicity is still the subject of considerable research. With microsome incubation assays in vitro and HPLC methods, the inhibition of rat liver CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A enzymes by rhein were studied kinetically. The results showed the most inhibition of CYP2E1 by rhein (K(i) = 10 microm, mixed); CYP3A and CYP2C9 were also inhibited by rhein, K(i) = 30 microm (mixed) and K(i) = 38 microm (mixed), respectively; rhein revealed some inhibition of CYP1A2 (K(i) = 62 microm, uncompetitive) and CYP2D6 (K(i) = 74 microm, mixed). Drug-drug interactions, especially cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated interactions, cause an enhancement or attenuation in the efficacy of co-administered drugs. Inhibition of the five major CYP enzymes observed for rhein suggested that changes in pharmacokinetics of co-administered drugs were likely to occur. Therefore, caution should be paid to the possible drug interaction of medicinal plants containing rhein and CYP substrates.     

4种中药调节细胞色素P450 3A4转录表达的研究

目的从中药中筛选通过激活人孕烷x受体(PXR)诱导细胞色素P450 3A4(CYP3A4)转录表达的中药;研究其诱导能力与药物浓度和作用时间之间的关系.方法在HepG2细胞中,采用瞬时共转染报告基因试验筛选对CYP3A4转录表达有诱导作用的中药,研究其在不同浓度和不同作用时间下对PXR介导的CYP3A4的转录调节作用.结果中药莪术、苍术、白术和茯苓均能通过激活PXR诱导CYP3A4的转录表达,且具有浓度.效应关系和时间-效应关系.在浓度-效应关系中,500 mg·L-1的莪术、苍术、白术和茯苓,在作用时间24 h时,其诱导倍数分别为0.1%DMSO处理细胞的(6.82±0.09),(6.76±0.20),(5.49±0.13),(4.97±0.07)倍.在时间.效应关系研究中,500 mg·L-1的莪术、苍术、白术和茯苓,在作用时间为48 h时,其诱导倍数分别为0.1%DMSO作用细胞的 (7.74±0.54),(7.34±0.10),(5.54±0.11),(5.32±0.18)倍.结论中药莪术、苍术、白术和茯苓均能够通过激活PXR诱导CYP3A4的转录表达.     

4种中药调节细胞色素P4503A4转录表达的研究

目的:从中药中筛选通过激活人孕烷X受体(PXR)诱导细胞色素P450 3A4(CYP3A4)转录表达的中药;研究其诱导能力与药物浓度和作用时间之间的关系。方法:在HepG2细胞中,采用瞬时共转染报告基因试验筛选对CYP3A4转录表达有诱导作用的中药,研究其在不同浓度和不同作用时间下对PXR介导的CYP3A4的转录调节作用。结果:中药莪术、苍术、白术和茯苓均能通过激活PXR诱导CYP3A4的转录表达,且具有浓度-效应关系和时间-效应关系。在浓度-效应关系中,500 mg.L^-1的莪术、苍术、白术和茯苓,在作用时间24 h时,其诱导倍数分别为0.1%DMSO处理细胞的(6.82±0.09),(6.76±0.20),(5.49±0.13),(4.97±0.07)倍。在时间-效应关系研究中,500 mg.L^-1的莪术、苍术、白术和茯苓,在作用时间为48 h时,其诱导倍数分别为0.1%DMSO作用细胞的(7.74±0.54),(7.34±0.10),(5.54±0.11),(5.32±0.18)倍。结论:中药莪术、苍术、白术和茯苓均能够通过激活PXR诱导CYP3A4的转录表达。     

乌头、白及配伍存在基于CYP3A1/2的相互作用

目的：阐明基于药物代谢酶的乌头、白及配伍产生相互作用的机制。研究二者合用对主要药物代谢酶CYP1A2、CYP2E1、CYP3A1/2在酶活性、mRNA水平和蛋白质水平的影响。方法：采用高效液相色谱法测定CYP1A2、CYP2E1活性;采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定CYP3A1/2活性;分别采用RT-PCR和Western Blot方法评价药物对CYP1A2、CYP2E1、CYP3A1、CYP3A2 mRNA及蛋白水平的影响。结果：乌头、白及合用后CYP3A1/2的酶活性明显下降;Western Blot检测显示CYP1A2、CYP3A1、CYP3A2的蛋白质表达水平下降;RT-PCR检测显示CYP1A2、CYP3A1、CYP3A2的mRNA水平均上升。结论：乌头、白及合用后抑制CYP3A1/2的酶活性,乌头、白及配伍存在基于CYP3A1/2的药物相互作用。     

The influence of Sutherlandia frutescens on adrenal steroidogenic cytochrome P450 enzymes

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to investigate whether Sutherlandia frutescens, subsp. microphylla (family: Fabaceae/Leguminosa), which is traditionally used to treat symptoms of chronic stress generally associated with increased circulating glucocorticoids, influences the biosynthesis of these glucocorticoids. METHODS: We investigated the interaction of Sutherlandia frutescens with cytochrome P450 enzymes, CYP17 and CYP21, which catalyse key reactions in glucocorticoid biosynthesis. The binding of progesterone and pregnenolone to these enzymes and their metabolism were assayed in the presence of extracts and the bioactive compounds, l-canavanine, pinitol, GABA, flavonoids and triterpenoid glucosides present in the shrub. RESULTS: While the aqueous and methanol extracts inhibited the type I progesterone-induced difference spectrum (p<0.05), inhibition of pregnenolone binding (p=0.25) was negligible, with the aqueous extract exhibiting greater inhibition. The triterpenoid fraction inhibited both the type I pregnenolone- and progesterone-induced difference spectra and elicited a type II difference spectrum in the absence of substrate. Both pregnenolone and progesterone metabolism were inhibited by the aqueous extract, the inhibition of CYP21 being greater than that of CYP17, influencing the flux through glucocorticoid precursor pathways. CONCLUSION: This attenuation of adrenal P450 enzymes may thus demonstrate a possible mechanism by which Sutherlandia frutescens reduces glucocorticoid levels and alleviates symptoms associated with stress.