埋藏式心脏转复除颤器一级预防患者恶性室性心律失常的发生及影响因素分析

目的 分析比较埋藏式心脏转复除颤器(ICD)一级预防和二级预防患者每年恶性室性心律失常发生率的异同,明确ICD一级预防患者发生恶性室性心律失常的可能预测因素.方法 连续入选2010年1月至2016年12月于大连医科大学附属第一医院行ICD治疗的患者,随访至少4年,比较一级预防与二级预防组术后每年累积恶性室性心律失常的发...     

埋藏式心脏转复除颤器患者的随访

目的报道7例埋藏式心脏转复除颤器(ICD)治疗恶性室性心律失常的情况。方法对6例单腔ICD及1例双腔ICD植入者进行随访,通过ICD程控仪调出储存的资料,了解ICD对恶性心律失常的治疗情况,并对其工作情况进行分析。结果随访5～44个月,平均23.7个月,ICD共检测到持续性室性心动过速(VT)2 129次,心室颤动(VF)6次。采用抗心动过速起搏(ATP)治疗VT的成功率为91.9%,ATP未能终止的VT经低能量转复(CV)治疗95.3%转为窦性心律,少数VT经治疗后加速为VF。高能量除颤(DF)终止VF的成功率为100%。4例12次误将室上性心动过速误判断为室性事件而启动治疗,其中2次心房颤动,10次窦性心动过速,经调整VT的识别参数及联合使用抗心律失常药物后未再发生类似情况。2例随访期间出现晕厥,ICD存储的信息显示发生了VF并复律成功。2例出现焦虑症,经心理治疗改善。结论术后严密随访,及时调整工作参数,同时关注患者的心理健康并给予针对性的心理支持和治疗,对提高ICD的治疗效果至关重要。     

埋藏式心脏转复除颤器的临床随访

46例接受了埋藏式心脏转复除颤器(ICD)的患者,ICD成功终止了18例(38.3%)的恶性室性心律失常共146次。7例(16.3%)发生不恰当治疗,调整ICD参数及药物治疗方案后好转。结论:ICD可有效治疗恶性室性心律失常。     

埋藏式心脏转复除颤器电击治疗的预测因素分析

目的探讨植入埋藏式心脏转复除颤器(ICD)患者电击治疗的预测因素。方法回顾性分析25例植入ICD患者的基础特征,将患者是否进行了ICD治疗分为治疗组和未治疗组,比较两组特征,并采用logistic回归分析电击的预测因素。结果随访18.8±14.3个月后,其中8例共经历21次电击。ICD电击治疗的发生与左室射血分数相关(r=1.129,P=0.030),与年龄、性别、缺血性心脏病、室性心动过速消融、胺碘酮及β受体阻滞剂无相关。多变量COX分析证实左室射血分数(HR 1.08,95%CI 1.07～1.09,P=0.016)是发生电击治疗的独立预测参数。结论严重左室收缩功能障碍的ICD患者容易出现电击治疗。     

埋藏式心脏转复除颤器安置的临床经验

总结非开胸经锁骨下静脉穿刺安置埋藏式心脏转复除颤器 (ICD)的手术方法、除颤阈值 (DFT)测定及ICD工作参数设置等临床经验。 10例患者 ,6例有反复晕厥病史。 2例晕厥时心电图证实为心室颤动 (简称室颤 ) ,体外电除颤成功 ,另 8例心内电生理均诱发出持续性室性心动过速或室颤。其中冠心病 8例 (1例合并Brugada综合征 ) ,扩张性心肌病 1例 ,原发性室颤 1例。 5例术前口服胺碘酮治疗。结果 :全部经锁骨下静脉置入ICD ,术中所有患者成功诱发室颤 ,并一次电击成功。手术时间 92± 2 7min。DFT≤ 2 0J,电击阻抗 4 1.2± 15 .3Ω ,R波高度 16 .3± 6 .6mV ,无手术并发症。结论 :经锁骨下静脉置入ICD方法简单 ,安全可靠 ;术前口服适量胺碘酮对术中诱发室颤无影响。     

埋藏式心脏转复除颤器的随访

目的报道37例埋藏式心脏转复除颤器(ICD)的随访结果。方法对置入ICD的37例患者进行电话询问和门诊随访,通过常规心电图、动态心电图及ICD存储的资料,对患者病情和ICD工作情况进行分析。结果37例患者共发作室性心动过速/心室颤动(VT/VF)917次(VT745次,VF172次),其中911次(99.3%)治疗成功,6次(0.7%)失败。非持续性VT122次(16.4%),发作均自行停止。623次持续性VT(83.6%)中,537次(86.2%)经抗心动过速起搏(ATP)终止,82次(13.2%)经低能量复律(CV)终止,3次(0.4%)在ATP治疗过程中加速为VF,由高能量除颤(DF)终止。172次VF中,167次(97.1%)经DF终止,1例无效放电5次(2.9%)系因电池提前耗竭而更换了ICD脉冲发生器,2例共8次阵发性心房颤动心室率超过设置的VT频率ICD发生误识别,给予ATP治疗。5例术后1~6个月出现心律失常“电风暴”。5例对电击恐惧造成了不同程度的心理障碍,经教导必要时辅以药物治疗后症状得以缓解。共有19例术后因VT发作频繁而服用胺碘酮/美托洛尔,并根据心律失常发作情况调整用药剂量。结论ICD置入后应加强随访,及时调整工作参数,同时辅助药物、改善心功能和心理治疗。     

埋藏式心脏转复除颤器的长期随访观察

目的分析埋藏式心脏转复除颤器(ICD)治疗恶性室性心律失常的疗效。方法4例患者中共置入6台ICD,通过常规心电图、动态心电图及ICD程控分析仪进行随访,对患者情况及ICD工作情况进行分析,合理调整起搏参数,心律失常药物,及时处理ICD故障。结果6台ICD共检出心律失常事件272次,启动治疗程序64次,其中包括低能量复律和高能量除颤转复室性心动过速和心室颤动19次(占29.7%,19/64),抗心动过速起搏成功治疗室性心动过速35次(占54.7%,35/64),误放电治疗10次(占15.6%,10/64)。误放电原因包括:感知窦性心动过速3次,电磁干扰2次,电极导线绝缘层破损干扰5次。其余208次心律失常事件均在ICD启动诊断识别过程中自行终止,ICD未继续实施治疗程序。结论ICD治疗恶性室性心律失常效果肯定,但应加强随访,警惕误放电。     

埋藏式心脏转复除颤器成功用于心肌梗死后心力衰竭患者室性心律失常预防一例

患者男性,61岁,既往有陈旧性心肌梗死、心力衰竭,近期有晕厥发生,虽然心电图未记录到快速室性心律失常,但为了预防心源性猝死仍然置入了埋藏式心脏转复除颤器(ICD),后来患者再次发生晕厥,ICD记录到快速室性心律失常并除颤转复了窦性心律。     

植入埋藏式心脏转复除颤器的临床应用与随访

目的报道13例埋藏式心脏转复除颤器(implantable cardioverter defibrillator,ICD)的临床应用与随访结果。方法对置入10例单腔ICD及3例双腔ICD患者进行电话询问和门诊随访,通过心电图、动态心电图及ICD存储的资料,对患者病情和ICD工作情况进行分析。结果 13例患者共发作持续性室性心动过速/心室颤动(ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation,VT/VF)38次(持续性VT 36次,VF 2次),其中37次治疗成功,1次失败。非持续性VT 121次,发作均自行停止。36次持续性VT中33次经抗心动过速起搏(antitachycardia pacing,ATP)终止,2次经低能量复律(CV)终止,1次VT治疗过程中加速为VF,由高能量除颤(DF)终止。1例共2次阵发性心房颤动心室率超过设置的VT频率,ICD发生误识别,给予ATP治疗。1例术后3个月出现心律失常"电风暴"。共有3例术后因VT发作频繁而服用胺碘酮和(或)美托洛尔,并根据心律失常发作情况调整用药剂量。结论 ICD植入后应加强随访,及时调整工作参数,同时给予患者心理治疗、对提高ICD的治疗效果非常重要。     

埋藏式心脏转复除颤器植入后电风暴的临床观察

目的探讨应用埋藏式心脏转复除颤器(ICD)后出现电风暴现象的一般规律及诊治经验。方法总结1996年8月至2008年6月间96例ICD植入患者术后电风暴的发生率、发生原因及治疗方法 ,并比较单次电风暴患者与多次电风暴患者在年龄、随访时间、首次电风暴发生时间及左室射血分数(LVEF)等方面的指标。结果随访时间中位数为12个月,有12例(12.5%)发生了电风暴,首次电风暴事件距离ICD植入术后的中位数为31天。相对于单次电风暴患者而言,发生多次电风暴患者的LVEF较低。结论 ICD患者植入术后,电风暴的发生率为12.5%,多次发生电风暴的患者具有低LVEF的特点。     

植入型心律转复除颤器对特发性心室颤动的治疗三例

随着植入型心律转复除颤器（implantable cardioverter defibrillator,ICD）的技术改进及程控参数的多元化,其操作更加简单,应用也更加普及.多中心临床试验确立了对非一过性或可逆性原因引起的室性心动过速（室速）和心室颤动（室颤）所致的心脏骤停幸存者，ICD为一线治疗。本文报告3例ICD植入病例，探讨ICD对特发性室颤的治疗效果以及诊断和随访过程中所遇到的问题。     

植入型心律转复除颤器对特发性心室颤动的治疗

随着植入型心律转复除颤器(ICD)的技术改进及程控参数的多元化,其操作更加简单,应用也更加普及。多中心临床试验证实了对非一过性或可逆性原因引起室性心动过速(VT)和心室颤动(Vf)所致的心脏骤停幸存者,植入ICD较抗心律失常药物明显降低死亡率,确立了ICD为此类患者的一线治疗地位[1]。本组报告3例ICD植入病例,探讨ICD对特发性心室颤动的治疗效果,诊断和随访过程中所遇到的问题。1资料和方法1.1临床资料3例患者均为女性,年龄分别为31、36和48岁,无高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、吸烟史、心绞痛或心肌梗死病史,家族中亦无猝死史。患者均…     

Variation of spectral power immediately prior to spontaneous onset of ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients

INTRODUCTION: Short-term heart rate variability (HRV) may change immediately before onset of a ventricular arrhythmia (ONSET). METHODS AND RESULTS: Power spectrum analysis was performed on instantaneous heart rate (IHR; including all beats) and normal heart rate (NHR; excluding ectopics) curves obtained at equally spaced 0.5-second intervals using a cubic spline. The database consisted of 135 sets of 1,024 RR intervals leading to ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and controls from 78 patients. Total periodogram and time course of spectral power were obtained. Ten spectral bands of 0.1-Hz bandwidth (0 to 1 Hz) were analyzed. A simple threshold technique was retrospectively used to predict the onset of a VA. RR intervals that led to VA ONSET had significantly higher total spectral power than controls (P < 0.001 for both NHR and IHR for every band). Spectral power remained constant until 100 seconds before ONSET and then increased significantly in the time window immediately preceding ONSET (P < 0.02 compared with others). Using a simple threshold method, a predictive accuracy of 68%+/-1.4% was obtained with different window sizes. Using specific spectral bands, the predictive accuracy of VA ONSET could be improved to 76% for IHR and 71% for NHR (0.8- to 0.9-Hz band). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a sustained higher power increase in NHR and IHR occurs during the course of 12.11+/-.57 minutes, followed by a sudden elevation in spectral power within 100 seconds of ONSET, and may be a precursor to ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation episodes.     

Increase in ventricular tachycardia frequency after biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator upgrade

We report the case of a patient in whom transvenous left ventricular pacing lead placement at the time of a biventricular upgrade led to an exacerbation of clinical monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (MVT). At implant, slow left ventricular pacing repeatedly induced sustained MVT. However, testing of the biventricular pacing showed no MVT inducibility, and the system was implanted. The patient was readmitted due to multiple episodes of the MVT observed at implant. The MVT was controlled with pharmacotherapy, allowing the patient to continue with biventricular pacing.     

Near-fatal incident on routine induction of ventricular fibrillation at the replacement of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator

The case of a 54-year-old patient with severe coronary artery disease and storms of ventricular tachyarrhythmias is presented. On the replacement of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator due to battery depletion, he suffered life-threatening complications associated with arrhythmia induction. Performing a routine induction of ventricular arrhythmias on the occasion of pulse generator replacement may be reconsidered in selected patients.     

埋藏式自动复律除颤器干预室性心动过速或心室颤动患者预后的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨埋藏式自动复律除颤器(ICD)改善室性心动过速/心室颤动(VT/VF)患者预后的确切疗效,评价ICD与抗心律失常药物的优劣和ICD在中国的最佳适应人群;总结ICD患者的随访方法学,为ICD在中国的进一步推广提供科学依据.方法 99例有Ⅰ类ICD适应证的患者中,27例置入ICD(ICD组),另72例未接受ICD(非ICD组);两组患者除了ICD组晕厥、心肺复苏及确诊的VF多于非ICD组外,其余基础病、左室射血分数、心功能、心律失常等临床特征相似,并接受相同的基础治疗.比较两组人选后第3、6个月及第12、15个月累计病死率及心脏事件发生率.结果 在研究观察时间分别达3、6、12、15个月时,ICD组累计病死率和心脏事件发生率明显低于非ICD组.ICD组死亡为零,而非ICD组病死率为20.8%.结论 ICD可降低心脏性猝死高危人群心脏事件发生率,显著提高患者的生存率和生活质量;确保ICD高效、安全、经济的关键是:掌握适应证,优化置入和随访过程,合理选用辅助治疗.     

全自动远程家庭监测系统在植入心律转复除颤器患者中的应用

目的 评价全自动远程家庭监测（HM）在植入心律转复除颤器（ICD）/心脏再同步治疗除颤器（CRT-D）患者中的应用.方法 随访23例植入了带有HM功能的ICD及CRT-D患者,分析HM所获得的日常信息和报警数据,观察其对系统相关事件、心律失常和心力衰竭（心衰）监测在内的临床相关事件的早期监测及临床干预的疗效.结果 对23例患者随访122～937（452.1±262.2）d,共接收报警信息1 991次,发现异常事件1 481次,其中96.4％是临床相关事件,1.5％为系统相关事件,无信息传输事件占2.1％.系统相关事件多为感知异常,其中发现左心室导线脱位1例.临床相关事件中心律失常报警事件占84.7％[室上性心律失常和心房颤动（房颤）事件较多],心衰报警事件占15.3％,以静息时心率升高及心脏再同步治疗心室起搏百分比降低为主.根据HM系统报警信息,电话联络患者65例次,优化参数11例次,指导调整药物治疗方案18例次,4例患者入院治疗.结论 对于植入ICD/CRT-D的患者,HM系统是一项必要的、安全可靠的远程监测方法,可以及时识别起搏系统相关异常、发现临床相关事件,可指导对患者进行早期临床干预,优化随访管理,提高患者生活质量.     

Mode of onset of ventricular fibrillation in patients with Brugada syndrome detected by implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy

OBJECTIVES: We sought to demonstrate the mode of spontaneous onset of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in patients with Brugada syndrome. BACKGROUND: The electrophysiologic mechanisms of VF in Brugada syndrome have not been fully investigated. METHODS: Nineteen patients (all male, mean age 47 +/- 12 years) with Brugada syndrome were treated with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The implanted devices were capable of storing electrograms during an arrhythmic event. We investigated the mode of spontaneous onset of VF according to the electrocardiographic features during the episode of VF, which were obtained from stored electrograms of ICDs and/or electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring. RESULTS: During a follow-up of 34.7 +/- 19.4 months (range 14 to 81 months), 46 episodes of spontaneous VF attacks were documented in 7/19 (37%) patients. The event-free period between ICD implantation and the first spontaneous occurrence of VF was 14.6 +/- 12.1 months (range 3.7 to 27.4 months). We investigated 33/46 episodes of VF, for which electrocardiographic features (10 to 20 s before and during VF) were obtained from ICDs and/or ECG monitoring in five patients. A total of 22/33 episodes of VF were preceded by premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), which were almost identical to the initiating PVCs of VF. Furthermore, in three patients who had multiple VF episodes, VF attacks were always initiated by the same respective PVC. The coupling interval of the initiating PVCs of VF was 388 +/- 28 ms. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous episodes of VF in patients with Brugada syndrome were triggered by specific PVCs. These findings may provide important insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms causing VF in Brugada syndrome.