Antithiamine factor in cotton seed (Bombex malabericum)--its isolation and characterization.

1. The antithiamine factor isolated from cotton seed (Bombex malabericum) was a light yellow amophous substance. 2. 1 mg of this antithiamine factor inactivated 20.5 mug of thiamine hydrochloride. 3. The antithiamine factor was characterized as 3,5-dimethoxy salicylic acid.     

Effects of five rice herbicides on the growth of two threatened aquatic ferns

The effects of five rice herbicides bensulfuron methyl, mefenacet, quinoclamine, simetryn, and thiobencarb on the growth of two threatened aquatic ferns Azolla japonica and Salvinia natans were tested using 12-day exposure experiments at 0.1-100 nM which are expected to be present in drainages and rivers in Japan. As a reference species, Lenma minor was also used to examine the toxicity of bensulfuron methyl. Bensulfuron methyl had the most pronounced effect on the relative growth rate (RGR) of A. japonica, S. natans, and L. minor with an EC50 of 5.0, 0.54, and 10 nM, respectively. The other herbicides reduced the RGR of the aquatic ferns only at the highest concentration (100 nM) or not at all. S. natans showed the highest susceptibility to bensulfuron methyl among the three species, and the EC50 for this species was comparable to or below the maximum concentration (0.49-5.6 nM) that had been previously detected in 7 of 11 rivers in Japan. These results suggest that bensulfuron methyl runoff in drainages and rivers in Japan is expected to have adverse effects on the growth of threatened aquatic ferns in some cases, and that no or small effects occur for the other four herbicides tested.     

代谢综合征异常代谢因子的危险因素多因素分析

目的分析产生代谢综合征异常代谢因子的多种危险因素,为预防代谢综合征异常代谢因子及心脑血管疾病的发生提供理论依据。方法选取湖北省肿瘤医院2010年6~12月期间,参加体检并接受健康风险评估调查的本院职工207例,对年龄、性别、体力活动、吸烟、饮酒、果蔬、早餐、心理、睡眠、食用油及家族史等相关因素进行单因素分析,并进行逐步Logistic回归分析。结果单因素分析显示患者年龄(P=0.000)、性别(P=0.000)、吸烟(P=0.000)、饮酒(P=0.001)、食用油(P=0.008)等多项临床指标组间差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),多因素Logistic逐步回归法筛选变量,年龄(P=0.000)、性别(P=0.014)两项是代谢综合征异常代谢因子的独立危险因素。结论年龄(P=0.000)、性别(P=0.014)两项是代谢综合征异常代谢因子的独立危险因素。吸烟、饮酒及食用油与异常代谢因子有关。     

产褥感染的影响因素及炎症因子变化

目的研究产褥感染的影响因素及炎症因子指标的变化情况,为产褥感染的诊疗提供临床指导。方法选取2015年6月-2018年6月廊坊市人民医院接诊的4 320例进行分娩孕妇的临床资料进行回顾性分析。观察孕妇产后产褥感染情况,单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析产褥感染的影响因素,并观察感染前后炎症因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)及降钙素原(PCT)水平变化。结果 22例产后发生产褥感染,感染率为0.51%;产褥感染部位以泌尿系统感染为主,9例占40.91%,其次为盆腔部位感染5例占22.73%;多因素Logistic回归分析发现,剖宫产、产前贫血、胎膜早破、产后出血及妊娠期并发症是产褥感染的影响因素(P<0.05);共检出病原菌27株,其中革兰阴性菌17株占62.96%,革兰阳性菌10株占37.04%。感染后血清炎症因子IL-6、IL-8、CRP及PCT水平均升高(P<0.05)。结论剖宫产、产前贫血、胎膜早破、产后出血及妊娠期并发症是产褥感染的影响因素。泌尿系统、盆腔及子宫切口等部位容易引发产褥感染,感染后炎症因子水平显著升高。     

Quality factors

The quality factor, Q, is a dimensionless modifier used in converting absorbed dose, expressed in gray (or rad), to dose equivalent, expressed in sievert (or rem). The dose equivalent is used in radiation protection to account for the biological effectiveness of different kinds of radiation. The quality factor is related to both linear energy transfer (LET) and relative biological effectiveness (RBE). The RBE obtained from biological experiments depends in a complex way on the observed biological effect, the specific test organism and the experimental conditions. Judgment is involved, therefore, in the choice of Q. Questions regarding the adequacy of current Q values for neutrons were first raised in a 1980 statement by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) and later in a 1985 statement by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). In 1980, the NCRP alerted the technical community to the possibility of a future increase between a factor of 3 to 10 in the Q for neutrons, and in 1985, the ICRP suggested an increase by a factor of 2 in Q for fast neutrons. Both these advisory groups are now recommending essentially the same guidance with regard to Q for neutrons: an increase by a factor of 2. The Q for neutrons is based on a large, albeit unfocused, body of experimental data. In spite of the lack of focus, the data supporting a change in the neutron quality factor are substantial. However, the proposed doubling of Q for neutrons is clouded by other issues regarding its application. These issues are discussed, together with the current database for the neutron quality factor. Improvements are needed to provide better guidance with regard to both Q for neutrons and its application in radiation protection.     

影响PACS的相关因素

医生越来越多地依赖影像诊断信息来治疗疾病,在医院环境中与影像及信息管理相关联的复杂性快速增加,但 并非局限于与影像相关的信息。解决这些问题所要用的方法是通过电子手段进行改善．期望此系统及时地提供足够 的影像信息。运用PACS的放射医师应切实加强与贯彻质控体系,以确保所有进行放射检查信息都被成功地传输至 PACS网络系统并且及时地进行判读。当临床信息补充以医学影像时则错误可减少,尽管这种方法不能取代直接接触 病人,但它能更快地进行正确的治疗。采用PACS去直接拷贝数字X线照片影像可避免照相问题．如:光线差、相机移动 以及不适当的曝光条件,从而在教学文档、演讲和出版方面增强所使用的影像质量。     

CNS growth factors

The fundamental importance of polypeptide growth factors in regulating growth and maintaining viability within the CNS is now widely acknowledged. Although the physiological roles of individual growth factors remain to be defined, increasing evidence suggests involvement within the CNS in development, maintenance of neurones, injury responses, the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases and possibly oncogenesis. This review focuses on nerve growth factor and the fibroblast growth factors.     

New cachexic factors

Patients with pancreatic cancer show evidence of cachexia at the time of diagnosis, involving not only loss of adipose tissue, but also lean body mass. The shorter survival time of men than women with non-small cell lung cancer has been attributed to their enhanced rate of weight loss. From studies in animal models, various cytokines have been proposed as mediators of the cachectic process, although evidence from human studies is generally lacking. Only serum levels of IL-6 have been found to correlate with the clinical development of cachexia, but this may be a marker for the process rather than the actual mediator, because the direct administration of this cytokine to experimental animals failed to induce cachexia, despite the induction of an acute-phase response. Ciliary neurotrophic factor, a member of the IL-6 superfamily, has, however, been shown to produce loss of muscle mass in experimental animals, although it failed to exert a direct catabolic effect on muscle in vitro. A sulphated glycoprotein found in the urine of patients with cancer cachexia is capable of directly inducing protein catabolism in skeletal muscle by a process involving an increase in prostaglandin E2. Agents capable of attenuating this effect, e.g. eicosapentaenoic acid and ibuprofen, have been shown to stabilize body weight loss in cachectic cancer patients. This pharmacological approach to the treatment of cachexia appears to be more successful than nutritional manipulation.     

人群癫痫危险因素及社会心理因素病例对照研究

目的：了解自然人群癫痫患者的危险因素及社会心理状况。方法：对上海市金山区朱泾镇普查出的71例原发性癫痫患者1：1配对进行危险因素调查及对包括10例继发性在内的癫痫患者进行配对的社会心理状况的问卷调查。结果：经过多因素逐步条件logistic回归分析发现，新生儿疾病（OR=6.517）、饮酒（OR=10.761）、癫痫家族史（OR=5.414）与癫痫有着很强的关联。病例组的社会心理状况与正常对照组存在着明显的差异，在≥17岁的成人患者中尤其明显。结论：新生儿疾病及产伤、饮酒、癫痫家族史是癫痫发病的危险因素，心理与精神异常在癫痫患者中发生率很高。     

军队干部心血管疾病危险因素和临界危险因素调查分析

目的了解军队干部心血管疾病危险因素和临界危险因素的流行现状,为下一步实施有效个体化干预提供数据资料。方法采用心血管疾病流行病学调查表,整群调查陆军机关、院校、野战部队干部809人,分析军队干部心血管疾病危险因素及临界危险因素的流行现状。结果军队干部多数存在不健康生活方式,其中摄盐过多者为43.0%,喜欢食肉者为58.59%,不喜欢运动者为53.89%。心血管疾病危险因素患病率为43.51%,临界危险因素患病率为74.29%,17.06%的人无任何危险因素。其中心血管疾病危险因素患病率位居前3位的分别是吸烟(29.42%)、肥胖(10.38%)、高血压(10.01%);临界危险因素患病率位居前三位的分别是超重(50.56%)、临界高血脂(40.67%)、临界高血压(34.73%)。分组研究结果显示,心血管疾病危险因素,年龄每增加10岁就有显著性增多(P<0.05);临界危险因素,在50岁之前,年龄每增加10岁就有显著性增多(P<0.05),然后进入一个平台期。结论军队干部心血管疾病危险因素患病率明显低于社会普通人群,但临界危险因素存在现象较为普遍。     

Risk factors of sudden infant death syndrome and risk factors for sleep disturbances

Relationship between major risk factors of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and sleep disorders in the infants is the subject of review and discussion. Improper micro‐environmental characteristics (especially poor environmental organisation and lack of developmental stimulation), pre‐term delivery and/or infant low birth weight, prone sleep position, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and infant–parent(s) bed‐sharing are among well‐established risk factors of SIDS. These factors may also be associated with sleep disorders in infants, principally with bedtime problems, abnormal night awakenings, and arrhythmic sleep. As an attempt to fix sleep problems, some inexperienced parents may try infant‐rearing practices that may only aggravate sleep troubles and lead to further increased risk of SIDS, thus giving start to a vicious circle. Health care providers need to be aware of such situations as an opportunity to provide parents with guidance with respect for individual infant and family characteristics.