TPPA联合TRUST法在检测梅毒中的临床对比研究分析

目的 研究梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)联合甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)在梅毒诊断中的应用.方法 采用TRUST、TP-ELISA以及TPPA联合TRUST 3种方法检测898例临床诊断疑似为梅毒的患者血清;比较TPPA联合TRUST检测法与TRUST、TP-ELISA检测效果.结果 TP-ELISA法、TRUST法联合TPPA的阳性预测值分别为93.42%与94.72%,敏感性分别为90.64%与99.15%,与TRUST阳性预测值与敏感性差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 梅毒血清学检查中TRUST法联合TPPA检测具有重要临床价值.     

血清梅毒抗体的联合检测

目的对甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)、梅毒酶联免疫吸附试验(TP-ELISA)以及梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集试验(TPPA)等梅毒抗体检测方法进行评价。方法对ELISA筛查出的206例阳性标本通过TRUST及TPPA联合检测结果进行分析。结果 TPPA法与TP-ELISA法阳性符合率为94.7%(195/206),两种检测方法检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而TRUST法与TP-ELISA的阳性符合率为69.4%(143/206),两种检测方法检出率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论三种方法中,TRUST试验敏感性和特异性均最低,TP-ELISA敏感性最高,TPPA特异性最高,三者诊断符合率TP-ELISA与TPPA较高。实际工作中可根据条件选择两种方法联合检测。     

梅毒血清学实验室检查及临床应用

目的:以TPPA为确诊试验,比较三种梅毒血清学实验室检查方法的敏感性和特异性,分析其在临床诊断中的应用.方法:分别采用甲苯胺红不加热血清反应素试验(TRUST)、梅毒胶体金法(SYP)、双抗原夹心酶联免疫法(ELISA)、梅毒螺旋体颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)检测164例梅毒患者及124例非梅毒患者血清中的梅毒螺旋体抗体.结果:TP-ELISA、SYP与TPPA阳性检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);TRUST法与TPPA检出率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).TP-ELISA法、SYP法、TRUST法灵敏度分别为96.3%、87.7%、68.9%,特异性分别为96.7%、79.0%、98.3%;TP-ELISA和SYP在梅毒各期阳性检出率都很高,而TRUST在梅毒各期检出率不同.结论:ELISA敏感性和特异性与TPPA相近,可作为梅毒血清学诊断实验的首选方法.SYP法灵敏度较高,特异性较弱,适合急门诊患者以及流行病学的初筛检查.TRUST敏感性低而特异性高,存在较高的假阳性和假阴性,不适合作为梅毒的筛选试验,仅适合临床疗效观察.因此,临床医生应结合临床症状和试验的适用性,进行组合选择.     

四种方法检测早期梅毒螺旋体感染的临床应用评价

目的比较荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)、梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)、酶联免疫吸附试验(TP-ELISA)、甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)检测梅毒螺旋体早期感染的临床应用价值。方法选择确诊为一期梅毒的患者200例作为研究组,非梅毒患者80例为对照组,分别采集其分泌物进行FQ-PCR检测,同时采集血清进行TPPA、TP-ELISA和TRUST法检测,探讨上述4种方法的敏感度及特异度。结果 FQ-PCR、TPPA、TP-ELISA、TRUST检测一期梅毒的敏感度分别为92.5%、66.5%、68.0%、65.0%,特异度分别为100.0%、98.8%、96.3%和92.5%。结论 FQ-PCR检测一期梅毒具有很高的敏感度和特异度,可作为一期梅毒的实验室诊断方法。     

三种梅毒血清学诊断方法的比较

目的 探讨梅毒血清学试验筛选诊断梅毒的方法,对甲苯胺红不加热血清学试验(TRUST)和梅毒特异性抗体检测[包括梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA),酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)]做进一步的方法学比较.方法 对2008年1月至2009年12月确诊为各期梅毒的阳性血清标本565例.每份标本同时用 TRUST、TPPA、ELISA 3种方法进行测定.结果 TRUST试验检测梅毒血清阳性率29.7%,TPPA法阳性率93.6%,ELISA法阳性率96.1%.TPPA与TP-ELISA方法比较,两种方法差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).TRUST与TP-ELISA、TPPA两种方法比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 ELISA法和TRUST法可作为常规检测梅毒血清学试验的方法,阳性标本再用TPPA法进行确定.     

3种方法诊断梅毒的临床应用价值研究

目的探讨3种方法诊断梅毒的临床应用价值。方法对比分析研究甲苯胺红不加热血清反应素试验(TRUST)、梅毒螺旋体抗体的酶联免疫吸附试验(TP-ELISA)及梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)诊断梅毒的临床应用价值。结果TP-ELISA法与TPPA法的符合率为97.4%,TPPA法与TP-ELISA法两组间无显著性差异(χ2=0.093,P0.05),TRUST法与TPPA法两组间有显著性差异(χ2=6.321,P0.05)。结论 TP-ELISA法作为梅毒诊断、治疗的首选方法,并辅以TRUST法等非梅毒螺旋体血清学试验,对临床诊疗梅毒进行合理的指导,而TPPA法是检测梅毒血清中的特异性抗体,在梅毒的诊断、治疗上,其特异性好,灵敏度高,但试剂昂贵,操作过程烦琐,时间长,不宜作为梅毒筛查试验方法。     

梅毒血清学检测方法的应用价值

目的：探讨梅毒血清学试验在梅毒诊断检测中的临床应用价值和意义。方法收集经临床确诊的梅毒血清10666及50683份健康体检阴性的血清样本。全部血清标本分别进行梅毒甲苯胺红不加热血清反应素试验（TRUST ）、梅毒螺旋体抗体酶联免疫吸附试验（TP-ELISA）、梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验（TPPA）,检测梅毒螺旋体抗体。结果3种方法检测10666份血清中,TRUST、TP-ELISA、TPPA 敏感度、特异度分别为72．01％、99．85％、99．88％及93．50％、99．96％、99．97％,TRUST敏感度与TP-ELISA及TPPA比较差别有统计学意义（χ2＝39．43,52．67,P＜0．01）,TP-ELISA敏感度及与 TPPA比较差别无统计学意义（χ2＝98．0,P＞0．05）。结论 TRUST、TP-ELISA、TPPA 3种方法的敏感性、特异性依次增高,对梅毒的诊断及早期诊断具有重要的临床应用价值。     

三种血清方法检测梅毒的比较分析

目的对临床常用的3种梅毒血清学检测方法进行对比,即甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)和梅毒螺旋体双抗原夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(TP-ELISA)以及明胶颗粒凝集法(TPPA)3种梅毒检测方法。评价这3种梅毒血清学检测方法在梅毒诊治中的临床应用价值。方法用TP-ELISA方法检测标本4 620例,检测到的阳性标本再用TRUST与TPPA法平行测定。结果 TP-ELISA检测出的56例阳性标本中,TPPA检出阳性54例,阴性2例;TRUST法检出阳性39例,阴性17例,符合率分别为96.4%和69.6%。结论 TP-ELISA法具有较高的阳性符合率,可作为临床批量标本梅毒检测理想的筛选方法;TRUST法适用于梅毒疗程观察和疗效判断,有助于判断梅毒复发及再感染,以便梅毒患者能得到及时、有效的诊治;TPPA法有极高的敏感性和特异性,可作为梅毒血清抗体检测的确证试验。     

三种梅毒抗体筛查方法的比较

目的比较无偿献血者梅毒抗体筛查方法甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)、双抗原夹心法的酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集试验(TPPA)的特性。方法以卫生部临床检验中心梅毒抗体血清盘标本40份为质评标本,用TRUST、TP-ELISA和确认试验TPPA对质评标本作盲法筛查。结果TRUST、TP-ELISA、TPPA试剂盒的灵敏度分别为80.6%、97.7%、100.0%,特异性分别为77.8%、94.4%、100.0%,重复试验符合率分别为87.2%,98.3%,100.0%。结论TP-ELISA双抗原夹心法无论在灵敏度、特异性及重复试验结果上都与确认试验TPPA差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且明显高于TRUST法;TP-ELISA法具有敏感性高、特异性好、结果客观、自动化程度高等优点,适用于无偿献血者大批量的血液筛查。     

3种梅毒抗体检测方法在梅毒诊断中的应用分析

目的探讨梅毒螺旋体抗体酶联免疫吸附试验(TP-ELISA)、梅毒甲苯胺红血清不加热血清试验(TRUST)和梅毒螺旋体抗体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)在住院肿瘤患者梅毒诊断中的临床应用,进而优化梅毒检测流程,协助临床诊断与治疗。方法用TP-ELISA和TRUST同时对住院肿瘤患者血清中梅毒抗体进行初筛,任一方法初筛阳性者均用TPPA确认;同时对梅毒抗体阳性患者的检测结果进行回顾性分析。结果 82 026例住院肿瘤患者中,TP-ELISA阳性3 618例,TRUST阳性453例,TPPA确认阳性1 684例;阳性率分别为4.41%、0.55%、2.05%;随着TP-ELISA阳性结果S/CO值的升高、TRUST阳性效价的上升,TP-ELISA、TRUST与TPPA的阳性符合率及阳性滴度也相应增加。结论 TP-ELISA检测梅毒抗体反应阳性结果S/CO与TPPA和TRUST的阳性符合率及阳性滴度呈正相关,采用TP-ELISA联合TRSUT初筛,阳性结果进行TPPA确认的检测流程,可以有效提高梅毒诊断效能和工作效率。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.