腺苷蛋氨酸治疗慢性乙型肝炎重度淤胆36例

我们于1998年5月～1999年10月用腺苷蛋氨酸治疗慢性乙型肝炎重度淤胆36例,取得了一定的疗效。现报告如下。 1 资料与方法 1.1 病例选择 本组72例慢性乙型肝炎患者均符合1995年全国传染病与寄生虫病学术会议修订的病毒性肝炎诊断标准且均有重度淤胆,血清总胆红素(TBil)>171μmol/L。随机分为腺苷蛋氨酸治疗组与门冬氨酸钾镁对照组各36例。治疗组TBil198～520μmol/L,平均385±130.26μmol/L;对照组TBil208～510μmol/L,平均344.21±136.20μmol/L。治疗组与对照组ALT分别为45～210U/L与38～230U/L,平均183.43     

疏肝健脾利胆法治疗慢性淤胆型肝炎36例

目的探索中医药治疗慢性淤胆型肝炎的方法。方法以疏肝健脾利胆法为治疗组,以消炎利胆片为对照组,均4周为一疗程,对比其显效率和肝功能改善情况。结果消化道症状与黄疸消退呈正相关,治疗组显效率(63.9%)和TBIL、ALT改善情况(71.5±29.6μmol/L、31.5±20.4U/L)显著优于对照组显效率(46.7%)和TBIL、ALT改善情况(139.5±86.3μmol/L、86.4±21.9U/L)。结论疏肝健脾利胆法治疗慢性淤胆型肝炎效果良好。     

淤胆汤治疗急性淤胆型肝炎疗效观察

目的回顾性分析淤胆汤治疗急性淤胆型肝炎的临床疗效。方法选取本院2009年1月至2011年12月诊断为急性淤胆型肝炎的住院患者86例,根据治疗中是否应用中药"淤胆汤"分为单纯西药治疗组(A组,45例)和西药联合淤胆汤治疗组(B组,41例),观察治疗后8周两组中医症候评分,生化学指标改善情况和治疗有效率。结果 A、B两组患者中医症候评分下降分别为(26.99±2.02)分和(28.13±2.37)分,TBil下降中位数分别为242.45μmol/L和312.65μmol/L,GGT下降中位数分别为57.00 U/L和116.50 U/L,ALP下降中位数分别为68 U/L和91 U/L,TBA下降中位数分别为170.50μmol/L和191.50μmol/L,总有效率分别为80.00%和95.12%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.032、0.036)。A、B两组患者ALT下降中位数分别为645.50 U/L和613.25 U/L,差异无统计学意义(P=0.0897)。结论西药联合淤胆汤治疗急性淤胆型肝炎对中医症候积分的改善、生物化学指标的改善及有效率等方面优于纯西药治疗组。中医辩证施治,凉血活血、清热化湿法在治疗急性淤胆型肝炎方面值得积极推广。     

血清总胆汁酸测定在肝病诊断中的应用

血清总胆汁酸(TBA)含量(μmol/L),急性肝炎组28例126.4±116.2>肝癌组43例111.1±101.9>肝硬化组53例72.1±66.9>慢性肝炎组71例39.2±31.7>正常对照组100例5.3±4.1,各疾病组均高于对照组(P<0.01)。急性肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌患者血清TBA异常率达83.1％以上。血清TBA在肝     

促肝细胞生长素治疗慢性重型肝炎30例疗效观察

目的　观察促肝细胞生长素 (PHGF)治疗慢性重型肝炎的疗效。方法　将 60例慢性重型肝炎患者随机分成两组 ,每组各 3 0例 ,分别采用基础疗法和基础疗法的基础上加用PHGF12 0mg静脉滴注 ,每日一次 ,共 4周。结果　治疗组治疗 4周后SB由 2 48± 86μmol/L下降至 12 6± 12 6μmol/L ,对照组由 2 5 4.85 μmol/L下降至 2 13± 117μmol/L ;治疗组生存率为 60 %( 18/3 0 )对照组为 3 7%( 11/3 0 ) ,两组比较有显著差异。结论　PHGF对慢性重型肝炎有较好疗效     

中西医结合治疗淤胆型肝炎42例

1 临床资料 86例均为1992年12月～1997年11月我院住院病人,按1990年(上海)全国病毒性肝炎会议修订的淤胆型肝炎诊断标准,将患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组42例,男29例,女13例,年龄18～72岁,平均31.9岁;血清总胆红素(TBil)92～410μmol/L,丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)68～424U/L,     

大剂量654-2治疗重度黄疸肝炎35例

1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料 治疗组35例,男24例,女11例,年龄18～55岁,平均34.2岁;急性肝炎6例,慢性肝炎重度15例,亚急性重型肝炎2例,慢性重型肝炎8例,淤胆型肝炎1例,肝炎肝硬变3例;血清总胆红素(TBil)171～658μmol/L,平均295.3μmol/L。对照组30例,男21例,女9例;年龄17～53岁,平均35.6岁;急性肝炎5例,慢性肝炎重度14例,亚急性重型肝炎2例,慢性重型肝炎7例,肝炎肝硬变2例;TBil171     

慢性重型肝炎患者血清肝细胞生长因子浓度变化的动态观察

研究慢性病毒性肝炎患者血清中肝细胞生长因子(HGF)的浓度变化与病情的关系,用ELISA法检测19例慢性乙型重型肝炎患者(慢重肝)血清中的HGF浓度的动态变化,并比较生存患者和死亡患者的HGF变化,结果:1.慢重肝患者血清HGF浓度变化与血清TBil的变化相一致,生存患者HGF在达到一个峰值后随血清TBil的降低而降低;死亡患者的HGF则进行性升高,在死亡前达最高值。2.生存患者的HGF峰值浓度为(5.214±1.657)μg/L,TBil为(236±109)μmol/L,PTA为(48.26±10.15)％;而死亡患者分别为(7.521±2.152)μg/L、(412±128).μmol/L、(30.09±14.28)％,均有显著性的差异。HGF在慢重肝患者血清中有较明显的升高,而且与TBil的变化有相关性,动态观察血清HGF的变化可作为判断病情的指标之一。     

654-2治疗肝炎高度黄疸24例

目的:研究654-2对肝炎重度黄疸的治疗作用。方法:52例重度黄疸的肝炎患者随机分成A、B两组,在同样基础治疗基础上,A组加用654-2治疗,B组仅用基础治疗。结果:A组乏力、纳差改善及尿色恢复正常平均时间为(3.5±1.1)d、(3.2±0.9)d及(4.1±1.5)d,B组为(8.5±1.6)d、(8.2±1.4)d及(9.1±1.7)d(P<0.01)。治疗1W,TBil水平在A、B两组分别下降至(128.75±76.54)μmol/L和(181.34±54.62)μmol/L(P<0.01);治疗后ALT水平在A、B两组分别下降至(63.7±47.7)IU/L和(98.2±44.6)IU/L(P<0.01);两组有显著差异。结论:654-2治疗肝炎的高度黄疸能取得较好效果。     

膦甲酸钠治疗乙型重型肝炎38例

目的观察膦甲酸钠对乙型重型肝炎的疗效。方法治疗组乙型重型肝炎患者38例,在一般保肝、支持及防治并发症基础上加用膦甲酸钠治疗4周,观察肝、肾脏功能,HBV DNA定量变化及病死率等。结果膦甲酸钠对急性、亚急性乙型重型肝炎患者肝功能有明显影响,SB由300.96±142.80μmol/L下降为57.72±22.15μmol/L,ALT由352.73±168.14u/L下降为36.00±4.10u/L,AST由433.22±169.11u/L下降为50.18±12.52u/L,PT由22.88±12.23(秒)下降为10.11±3.72(秒),CHOL由1.99±1.56mmol/L上升为3.60±2.18mmol/L;膦甲酸钠对慢性乙型重型肝炎患者肝功能亦有明显影响,SB由394.58±179.82mmol/L下降为78.44±23.72μmol/L,ALT由199.44±107.82u/L下降为42.52±27.01u/L,AST由210.00±170.32u/L下降为79.44±40.73u/L,PT由27.81±13.22(秒)下降为16.11±8.34(秒),CHL由0.99±1.68mmol/L上升为2.90±1.99mmol/L。乙型重型肝炎患者血清HBV DNA变化显示,治疗前为3072.58±742.36pg/ml,治疗后为400±80.70pg/ml;对照组则分别为2989.40±800.48pg/ml和2004.58±807.56pg/ml。在68例重型肝炎中,治疗组死亡8例(22%);对照组死亡14例(46%),两组差异显著(P<0.01)。结论膦甲酸钠可以安全有效地治疗乙型重型肝炎,明显降低病死率。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.