晚期卵巢上皮性癌腹膜后淋巴结清除的合理选择

目的探讨腹膜后淋巴结清除术在晚期卵巢上皮性癌治疗中的合理应用。方法对４２例晚期卵巢上皮性癌行腹膜后淋巴结清除术,根据术后残留灶大小分成两组。Ａ组：２６例,残留癌灶直径＜２ｃｍ;Ｂ组：１６例,残留癌灶直径≥２ｃｍ。术后两组进行的联合化疗基本相同。临床分期和病理分级基本相同。结果Ａ组５年生存率５３８％（１４／２６）,Ｂ组５年生存率１２５％（２／１６）,两组比较,差异有极显著意义（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论晚期卵巢上皮性癌在残留癌灶直径＜２ｃｍ前提下行腹膜后淋巴结清除术,可以明显提高生存率。如残留癌灶直径≥２ｃｍ时,不必行腹膜后淋巴结清除术。     

晚期卵巢上皮性癌清除腹膜后淋巴结价值的研究

目的 探讨晚期上皮癌行腹膜后淋巴结清除的价值。方法 ８５例晚期卵巢上皮癌患者根据清除腹膜后淋巴结与否分成Ａ、Ｂ两组，Ａ组４２例，Ｂ组４３例；再将两组患者根据肿瘤细胞减灭术（减灭术）后残瘤灶直径≥２ｃｍ和〈２ｃｍ分成两组进行比较。结果 两组５存活率分别为３８．１％和２７．９％（Ｐ〈０．０５）。Ａ组残瘤灶直径〈２ｃｍ与Ｂ组残瘤灶直径〈２ｃｍ存活率分别为５３．８％和３４．６％（Ｐ〈０．０５）；Ａ、Ｂ两组     

中,晚期卵巢癌综合治疗疗效及影响因素的分析

目的：探讨细胞减灭术及化疗对卵巢上皮性癌的治疗效果及影响因素。方法：回顾性分析１９８０年１月至１９９２年１２月在我院治疗且经细胞减灭术后肿瘤残留灶≤２ｃｍ的卵巢上皮性癌７６例的临床资料，其中，Ⅱ期２６例，Ⅲ期５０例；术后无残留灶者５２例，残留灶直径≤２ｃｍ。术后均有杉ＣＡＰ方案，ＡＰ方案，ＣＥ方案进行化疗。结果：总的５年生存率为３３．６％，其中，Ⅱ期为３４．９％，Ⅲ期为２９．５％（Ｐ〉０．１）。有     

Ⅳ期卵巢上皮性癌肿瘤细胞减灭术及预后因素的临床研究

目的 探讨Ⅳ期卵巢上皮性癌的肿瘤细胞减灭术的意义和预后因素。方法 回顾性分析我院１９８６年１月至１９９７年１２月,经手术病理分期的Ⅳ期卵巢上皮性癌７１例,其中切净组（残留灶≤１ｃｍ）３０例,未切净组（残留灶〉１ｃｍ）４１例。结果 手术切净率为４２．３％。Ⅳ期卵巢上皮性癌各转移部位中,锁骨上淋巴结转移和胸膜转移患者切净组的预后明显好于未切净组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。Ⅳ期卵巢上皮性癌的总５年生态２率为６．１     

卵巢上皮性癌的腹膜后淋巴结切除对预后的影响

目的　探讨卵巢上皮性癌患者腹膜后淋巴结切除对预后的影响。方法　回顾性分析13 1例卵巢上皮性癌患者的临床资料 ,应用COX风险比例回归模型判断影响预后的因素。结果　多因素分析显示 ,年龄、临床分期、残留灶、腹膜后淋巴结切除术及术后化学药物治疗 (化疗 ) ,是影响预后的重要因素。行和未行腹膜后淋巴结切除术患者的 5年生存率分别为 66%和 41% (P <0 0 1)。对于早期和Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肿瘤残留灶直径 >2cm或黏液性癌患者 ,腹膜后淋巴结切除术并不能提高生存率。Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肿瘤残留灶直径≤ 2cm ,行与未行腹膜后淋巴结切除术患者的 5年生存率分别为 65 %、3 0 %(P <0 0 1)。卵巢浆液性癌 ,行与未行腹膜后淋巴结切除术患者的 5年生存率分别为 61%、3 1% (P<0 0 1)。结论　年龄、临床分期、残留灶大小、腹膜后淋巴结切除与否及术后化疗的疗程数 ,与卵巢上皮性癌患者的预后有关。腹膜后淋巴结切除术虽能提高患者生存率 ,但对肿瘤残留灶直径 >2cm的Ⅲ、Ⅳ期卵巢上皮性癌患者 ,可不必行腹膜后淋巴结切除术     

卵巢上皮性癌155例的治疗与预后

目的：探讨卵巢上皮性癌的治疗与影响预后的因素。方法：对１９７０年１月至１９９２年１２月在我院治疗的１５５例卵巢上皮性癌进行回顾性分析。全部手术切除标本经病理检查诊断并按ＦＩＧＯ分期标准进行分期，４２例行２次手术，４例行３次手术。除６例外，余１４９例均于手术后行化疗，３２例于第２次术后再次行化疗，９例因复发再次化疗。结果：２年、５年、１０年的生存率分别为Ⅰ期９２．４％、８７．０％、７０．６％；Ⅱ期９１．９％、６３．６％、４７．８％；Ⅲ期５９．９％、３８．２％、１９．２％；Ⅳ期２５．０％、２５．０％、０．０％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。６例未化疗者均在术后２年内死亡。结果表明，预后与临床分期、细胞分化、残留癌灶大小有关。５年生存率中，Ⅰ期为８７．０％和Ⅲ期为３８．２％（Ｐ＜０．００１）；Ｇ１的５年生存率为９５．９％，Ｇ３为１１．８％（Ｐ＜０．００１）；无残留癌灶者为９７．６％，残留癌灶＞２ｃｍ者为２１．２％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论：在卵巢上皮性癌初次手术时残留癌灶＜２ｃｍ，并于术后尽早开始化疗，可提高生存率。     

对恶性卵巢肿瘤手术治疗几个问题的商榷（附86例临床分析）

为探讨卵巢癌合理的手术治疗方案，分析了８６例手术治疗的临床资料，将卵巢恶性肿瘤的手术范围和方式归纳为四类，并强调术后辅助腹腔化疗。术后随访满３年者３１例，满５年者１１例，其中Ⅰ～Ⅱ期３年生存率为８０％（８／１０），术后满５年的３例均存活；Ⅲ期３年生存率为５７．１％（１２／２１），５年生存率２５％（２／８）。作者认为（１）肿瘤细胞减灭术是治疗晚期卵巢癌的首选方法和主要手段，应尽可能地切除原发肿瘤及所能看到的盆腹腔内转移癌灶。但对个别病例要注意掌握适应证；（２）对早期病例应常规施行腹膜后淋巴［盆腔淋巴及（或）腹主动脉旁淋巴］清除；对晚期病例应在手术基本切除干净（残留癌灶≤２ｃｍ）的情况下，积极施行淋巴清除术，以提高生存率；（３）在细胞减灭术中，必须认真对待肠转移癌的处理。     

卵巢正常大小的原发性卵巢上皮性癌综合的临床特点与预后 …

目的 探讨卵巢正常大小的 性卵巢上皮性癌综合征的临床特点及预后因素。方法 对１０例患者的病例资料采用回顾性分析方法。结果 本病多发生于５０岁以上,占８０％;以腹胀、食欲差为首发症状,占９０％;就诊晚,易误诊,误诊率４０％;卵巢均正常大小,盆腹腔有广泛种植,局部聚集成块,占７０％;术后残留灶直径〈２．０ｍｃ患者的生存时间高于术后残留灶直径≥６个者生存时间明显高于疗程数〈６个者（Ｐ〈０．０５）。本组患     

晚期卵巢上皮性癌的治疗及其对预后的影响

目的:探讨晚期卵巢上皮性癌的治疗及其对预后的影响。方法:回顾分析晚期卵巢上皮性癌患者76例的临床资料,生命统计采用Kaplan-Meier法及Log-rank法检验,利用COX风险比例回归模型判断患者独立的预后影响因素并进行分析。结果:分期、残余灶、腹膜后淋巴结清除术及术后化疗的疗程数是影响预后的重要因素。行和未行腹膜后淋巴结清除术,总的5年存活率分别是52％和22％(P<0.01)。其中残余灶≤2cm者,行与未行腹膜后淋巴结清除术的5年存活率分别是65％、30％(P<0.01)。残余灶>2cm者,行与未行腹膜后淋巴结清除术的5年存活率分别是21％、9％,但差异没有显著性(P>0.05)。结论:理想的肿瘤细胞减灭术、腹膜后淋巴结清除术及术后至少6个疗程的化疗是改善患者预后的重要措施,但如残余灶>2cm,则不必行腹膜后淋巴结清除术。     

晚期卵巢上皮性癌的预后变化及影响因素分析

目的：了解近２０余年晚期卵巢上皮性癌的预后有无改善，及影响预后的因素。方法：对１９７０年至１９９３年在我院住院治疗的１４０例晚期卵巢上皮性癌病例进行分析，按患者的初治时间分为两组，１９８０年１月以前的５６例为第１组，之后的８４例为第２组，计算两组的Ｋａｐｌａｎ－Ｍｅｉｅｒ生存率曲线，用ＳＰＳＳ及ＳＵＲＶＣＡＬＣ统计软件对资料进行单因素及ＣＯＸ逐步回归分析，确定影响患者预后的因素。结果：两组的病理资料无差异，但第２组得到了更积极的化疗。总的１年、２年及５年生存率分别为６１．２％、３２．１％和８．５％，第１组分别为４２．３％、２９．６％和４．５％，第２组分别为６９．３％、３６．２％和１１．２％，第２组预后好于第１组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。临床分期晚、分化差、残余瘤直径＞２ｃｍ者预后差。联合化疗≥４个疗程者预后改善，≥６个疗程者又较≥４个疗程者预后好。结论：晚期卵巢上皮性癌的预后近１０余年来有所改善，提高肿瘤细胞减灭术的彻底性及行至少６个疗程的联合化疗是改善预后的重要措施。     

卵巢恶性肿瘤二次剖腹探查术中行腹膜后淋巴结清除术的研究

目的　探讨卵巢恶性肿瘤腹膜后淋巴结清除术的最佳时机和临床价值。方法　回顾性分析了 5 0例二次剖腹探查术 (SLL)中行腹膜后淋巴结清除术的卵巢恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果　患者中位数年龄 49岁 ,其 3年和 5年生存率分别为 72 %和 62 %。SLL阳性率为 40 % ( 2 0 / 5 0 ) ,其中临床分期 [国际妇产科联盟 (FIGO)标准 ]Ⅰ期SLL阳性率为 0 % ( 0 / 15 ) ,Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期分别为 40 %( 4/ 10 )、62 % ( 15 / 2 4) ,Ⅳ期为 1例中 1例。SLL阳性率与临床分期的期别呈正相关 ,其中Ⅰ～Ⅱ期( 16% ,4/ 2 5 )和Ⅲ～Ⅳ期 ( 64 % ,16/ 2 5 )患者SLL阳性率比较 ,差异有极显著性 (P <0 0 1)。腹膜后淋巴结转移率为 3 2 % ( 16/ 5 0 ) ,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期分别为 0 % ( 0 / 15 )、2 0 % ( 2 / 10 )、5 4% ( 13 / 2 4) ,Ⅳ期为 1例中1例。SLL阳性患者中 ,4例 ( 8% )仅盆腹腔内有转移灶 ,淋巴结无转移 ;6例 ( 12 % )仅显微镜下淋巴结转移 ,而无盆腹腔转移灶。SLL中 ,行二次肿瘤细胞减灭术共 2 0例 ,其中术后 13例残留灶直径≤ 0 5cm ,7例残留灶直径 >0 5cm。中位数随访时间 44个月 ( 2 4～ 10 4个月 ) ,至随访截止日SLL阴性者 ( 3 0例 )均无肿瘤复发。结论　腹膜后淋巴结清除术在SLL术中进行比较合理 ,而且对降低SLL阴性患     

Evaluation of cytoreductive surgery with pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy and intermittent cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy for improvement of long-term survival in ovarian cancer

The present study was designed in order to assess the therapeutic values of pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy in cytoreductive surgery and intermittent systematic chemotherapy combining cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide, namely, intermittent PAC for improvement of the long-term prognosis of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Intermittent PAC was administered every 3 months over a period of approximately 2 years. One hundred and fifty-five patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were enrolled in the study. The estimated 10-year survival rate of 42 patients with stage I or II ovarian cancer who received pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy and the intermittent PAC was significantly higher than that of 31 patients with the same stages who did not (83.9% vs. 61.1%, p<0.05). Similarly, the estimated 10-year survival rate of 38 patients with stage III or IV ovarian cancer who underwent the above-mentioned treatments was significantly high compared with that of 44 patients in the same advanced stages who did not (60.4% vs. 25.0%, p<0.01). As for pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy, there was no significant difference in the estimated 10-year survival rates between patients with and without retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis revealed that the performance of pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy was the most important factor leading successful clinical remission of the advanced ovarian cancers. Cytoreductive surgery including pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy and to intermittent PAC were thus suggested to be capable of dramatically improving the long-term survival even in advanced epithelial ovarian cancers.     

Survival of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and the effect of lymphadenectomy in those with stage 3 disease

This study looks at the 10-year survival data in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma at the Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne. An ovarian cancer database was established at the hospital in 1980, since then 253 patients have been diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer. The 5-year survival rates for Stages 1 to 4 are 75%, 55%, 24% and 21% respectively. The 10-year survival rates are 65%, 55%, 16% and 15% respectively. One hundred and thirty patients have been diagnosed with Stage 3 disease. The Gynaecologic Oncology Department at the Mercy Hospital for Women was formalized in 1987. Patients treated for ovarian cancer by the unit since 1987 had a significantly better survival (median 47 months) than patients treated prior to 1987 (median 17 months), p = 0.03. There is much debate as to whether lymphadenectomy in patients with ovarian cancer is of therapeutic value. In this study the patients with Stage 3 disease and who had a lymphadenectomy performed had a better 5-year survival rate of 38% compared to 22% in the group who did not have a lymphadenectomy (p < 0.05). The Stage 3 patients who had negative retroperitoneal nodes had a 10-year survival rate of 51%. There was no difference in survival rate between patients with endometrioid and serous papillary carcinomas.     

Advanced ovarian cancer patients with no evidence of disease after platinum-based chemotherapy: retrospective analysis of the role of second-look.

From 1981 to 1992, 230 previously chemotherapy-untreated epithelial ovarian cancer patients (Stages IIb-III or IV) received platinum-based polychemotherapy at our Division. In this presentation, time to progression and overall survival rates were retrospectively analyzed in 89 epithelial ovarian cancer patients (stage IIb, c - III or IV) with no clinical evidence of disease (clinical complete remission--CCR--in 26 patients with postsurgical residual tumor > or = 2 cm, and no clinical evidence of disease--NED--in 63 patients with post-surgical residual tumor < 2 cm) after first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy. After at least 6 courses of chemotherapy, 62 patients (group A) were submitted to second-look (SL) laparotomy (n=47) or laparoscopy (n=15); 27 patients (group B) did not undergo second-look surgery because of patient refusal, the surgeon's decision or clinical contro-indications to surgery. Groups A and B were comparable in terms of post-surgical residual tumor (< 2 cm: 71% vs 70%), median Performance Status (WHO: 1) and median age (56 vs 57 yrs). FIGO stage IIb, c was more frequent in group B (26% vs 18%--p=0.004). In 9/18 (50%) patients with clinical CR and in 31/44 (70%) NED patients no residual tumor was confirmed at SL (pathological CR--pCR). After a median follow-up of 10 years (range 5-16 years), 72% (64/89) of patients relapsed and 65% (58/89) died. Survival was significantly longer in patients with pCR (median survival 76 months vs 32, 29 and 16 months for patients with pPR, pNC or pPD, respectively, p=0.0001). Multivariate analysis identifies pCR as the only significant prognostic factor exerting an influence on survival after second-look laparotomy (p=0.0000). This study confirms that the second-look can provide an important prognostic evaluation in patients without evidence of disease after chemotherapy for ovarian cancer stages III-IV.     

舌下含服硝酸甘油倾斜试验诊断儿童血管迷走性晕厥的价值

目的 探讨舌下含服硝酸甘油倾斜试验(SNHUT)对儿童血管迷走性晕厥(VVS)的诊断价值。 方法 2001年3月至2005年5月在中南大学湘雅二医院儿童晕厥专科就诊或住院的不明原因晕厥(UPS)患儿143例，年龄4~18(12.10±3.03)岁，男58例，女85例。电动倾斜床直立倾斜70°行基础直立倾斜试验(BHUT)，并对其阴性者中的64例在同一角度直接给予舌下含服硝酸甘油片0.2mg，再次评价试验结果。用SPSS 11.0软件进行微机统计学处理。 结果 (1)BHUT阳性率29.4%(42/143)，其中女性占73.8%(31/42)；SNHUT 64例，阳性44例，阳性率为68.7%。SNHUT显著地提高了VVS的检出率。(2)出现阳性结果的时间：BHUT为(21.31±13.24)min，SNHUT为(5.41±4.23)min。(3)反应类型：BHUT及SNHUT阳性患儿共86例，血管抑制型83.7%(72/86)，女性占53.5%(46/86)；心脏抑制型7.0%(6/86)，均为女性；混合型9.3%(8/86)，女性占62.5%(5/8)。(4)副反应：舌下含服硝酸甘油64例，未见明显不耐受现象或其他副反应。 结论SNHUT能提高儿童VVS诊断阳性率，副反应小，使用方便，可在儿科临床推广。     

晚期卵巢上皮性癌复发的影响因素及处理

目的 探讨晚期卵巢上皮性癌（AEOC）复发的影响因素及复发后的处理。方法 回顾分析了自1986年1月至1997年12月经系统首次治疗后复发的AEOC患者167例进行再次治疗的资料。采用Log-rank检验生存率差异,COX比例风险模型分析预后因素,logistic逐步回归法筛选影响缓解期的因素。结果 患者的中位年龄51岁（26－71岁）。60例行二次手术治疗,其中23例中残留癌直径≤1cm;107例进行再次化学药物治疗（化疗）。影响AEOC复发的因素有年龄,首次术后残留癌直径,一线化疗,先期化疗。二次肿瘤细胞减灭后残留癌直径≤1cm,残留癌直径＞1cm和化疗患者的中位生存时间分别为20,10,13个月（x^2=16.41,P=0.0003),经两两比较发现,残留癌直径≤1cm和化疗患者均比残留癌直径＞1cm患者预后好,并且残留癌直径≤1cm患者的中位生存时间明显长于化疗患者（x^2=3.97,P=0.0462)。二线化疗和未行二线化疗患者的中位生存时间分别为14,10个月,两者比较,差异有显著性（x^2=3.86,P=0.0494)。结论 年龄,首次术后残留癌直径,一线化疗,先期化疗等是影响AEOC复发的主要因素,二线化闻和二次肿瘤细胞减灭术是AEOC复发后有效的治疗手段。     

Splenectomy during primary and secondary cytoreductive surgery for epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Scarabelli C, Gallo A, Campagnutta E, Carbone A. Splenectomy during primary and secondary cytoreductive surgery for epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1998; 8 : 215–221.
Splenectomy is occasionally indicated to achieve optimal cytoreduction during surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer. Between January 1989 and December 1996, 40 epithelial ovarian cancer patients underwent splenectomy: 14 patients during primary surgery and 26 during secondary cytoreductive surgery. Splenectomy was performed for tumor reduction in 34 patients (85 %) and for iatrogenic injury in six patients (15%). The spleen was removed because of parenchymal splenic metastases in nine patients (22.5 %), significant hilar and/or capsular disease in 10 patients (25 %), and perisplenic disease in 15 patients (37.5%). The histopathological diagnosis of the resected spleens showed microscopic hilar disease in four patients who had the spleen removed because of iatrogenic injury and no disease in only two patients. Splenectomy could be carried out with an acceptable morbidity. Left-sided pleural effusion was the most frequent complication. The estimated two-year survival rate for patients who underwent splenectomy during primary surgery with no residual disease and <2 cm intraperitoneal residual disease was 83% and 42%, respectively. Nine of these patients (64.3%) had recurrent disease. The median time to recurrence was 11 months (range 5–18). The estimated two-year survival rate for patients who underwent splenectomy during secondary surgery with no residual disease and <2 cm intraperitoneal residual disease was 78% and 24%, respectively. The estimated three-year survival rate was 0% for all these patients. The results of the present study show that splenectomy, if necessary to achieve optimal debulking, should be considered in previously untreated patients with no intraperitoneal residual disease and in patients with late (>1 year) recurrent disease.