腹腔镜结肠直肠癌根治手术与传统根治手术疗效的临床比较

目的 比较腹腔镜结肠直肠癌根治术和传统根治术的临床治疗效果.方法 比较我院2003年1月～2006年1月同一手术组完成的30例腹腔镜和46例传统手术结肠直肠癌根治病例的出血量、输血人数、手术时间、吗啡用量、术后住院日和手术前后的血红蛋白量,同时观察手术切除肿瘤的大小、长度、淋巴结清扫数目以及随诊肿瘤的复发、转移情况.结果 腹腔镜组的出血量、输血人数、术后吗啡用量和术后住院日明显少于传统手术组.腹腔镜组和传统手术组淋巴结清扫数分别为(11.5±4.5)枚和(11.9±6.2)枚;直肠肿瘤远端切缘分别为(3.4±1.5)cm和(3.0±1.0)cm;复发率分别为3.3%和5.0%;转移率分别为6.6%和10.0%;死亡率分别为3.3%和7.5%.上述观察指标两组差异无统计学意义.结论 腹腔镜结肠直肠癌根治可以达到与传统结肠直肠癌根治术同样的根治效果,且创伤小,恢复快.     

腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术临床疗效的对比研究

目的：比较腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术的临床疗效。方法：2003年1月至2007年1月同一手术组完成腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术52例及开腹结直肠癌根治术54例,比较两组的出血量、输血例数、手术时间、吗啡用量、术后住院日和手术前后的血红蛋白,同时观察手术切除肿瘤的大小、长度、淋巴结清扫数以及随诊肿瘤的复发转移情况。结果：腹腔镜组的出血量为（152±97）ml、输血6例、术后吗啡用量（12.7±4.1）mg,术后住院日为（7.6±2.0）d,明显少于开腹组（P〈0.01）;腹腔镜组与开腹组淋巴结清扫数分别为（11.5±4.5）枚和（11.9±6.2）枚,直肠肿瘤远端切缘分别为（3.4±1.5）cm和（3.0±1.0）cm;局部复发率分别为3.8%和4%,远处转移率分别为3.8%和6%,死亡率分别为7.5%和10%;1年生存率分别为96.7%、95.6%,3年生存率分别为80%、82.1%,上述指标两组无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论：腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术可以达到与开腹结直肠癌根治术相同的根治效果,且患者创伤小、康复快。     

手助腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术111例短期疗效分析

目的 探讨手助腹腔镜手术在结直肠癌根治术中的应用经验及临床效果.方法 回顾性分析111例手助腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者的临床资料.结果 108例患者顺利完成手术.中转开腹率2.7%(3/111);手术时间(155±45)min,术中出血量(129±80)ml;淋巴结清扫(12.6±5.8)枚;术后肠功能恢复时间(65.4±10.1)h,术后并发症发生率4.5%(5/111);术后住院时间(9.6±2.2)d;随访时间(11.8±2.8)个月,未见肿瘤复发及穿刺孔种植转移.结论 手助腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术在保留微创优势的同时降低了手术难度,安全可靠.     

80岁以上高龄结直肠癌患者接受腹腔镜辅助根治手术的围手术期安全性观察

目的:通过比较高龄结直肠癌患者接受腹腔镜辅助根治性手术与传统开腹根治性手术的围手术期情况,了解腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治手术对高龄结直肠癌患者的治疗安全性。方法:2006年1月至2008年6月,69例大于等于80岁的结直肠癌患者接受限期性根治手术,其中26例接受腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术(腹腔镜组),男13例,女13例,平均(83.91±3.02)岁(80～90岁);43例接受传统开腹结直肠癌根治术(开腹组),男29例,女14例,平均(83.70±3.43)岁(80～91岁)。回顾性分析比较两组患者的术前评估(ASA评分)、术前合并症情况、手术病理分级(Dukes分期)、术中及术后血气分析变化、术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、住院天数及并发症等围手术期情况。结果:手术前,两组间的ASA评分无显著差异(Ⅰ级5:8,Ⅱ级19:32,Ⅲ级2:3,P>0.05),伴随的合并症发生率无显著差异(19/26,73.1%vs.26/43,60.5%,P>0.05)。腹腔镜组术中未出现高碳酸血症。术后24h与72h出现血气分析异常,分别为5人及2人,与开腹组的18人和7人相比,有显著性差异(P<0.05);腹腔镜组恢复排气时间显著短于开腹组[(2.27±0.46)dvs.(3.68±0.58)d](P<0.05);术后住院天数显著低于开腹组[(14.55±7.21)dvs.(22.16±18.99)d](P<0.05);术后并发症发生率显著低于开腹组(6/26,23.1%vs.18/43,41.9%,P<0.05);两组手术死亡率方面无显著差异,其中腹腔镜组死亡率3.85%,开腹组手术死亡率4.65%(P>0.05)。结论:80岁以上高龄结直肠癌患者选择腹腔镜辅助根治术比传统开腹手术具有术后康复快、并发症少等优势,同时腹腔镜手术不会增加术后死亡率。因此,腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术对于高龄结直肠癌患者具有良好的手术安全性。     

腹腔镜辅助下结直肠癌手术的疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下结直肠癌手术的可行性、安全性、并发症及近期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析4年间1 1 2例腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术患者的临床资料,包括右半结肠切除2 3例,左半结肠切除7例,乙状结肠癌切除1 5例,D ixon术4 9例,M iles术1 8例。结果1 0 5例手术成功,7例因出血、肥胖及与邻近器官粘连而中转开腹手术,其中左半结肠2例,直肠癌4例。平均手术时间(1 6 1.2±4 8.6)m in,平均出血量7 8.5mL。术后早期并发症8例,无围手术期死亡。结肠癌标本近、远切缘长度分别为(1 4.5±3.2)cm和(1 1.0±2.6)cm,直肠癌标本近、远切缘长度分别为(15.3±2.7)cm和(2.8±1.6)cm。清扫淋巴结平均(8.2±4.6)枚,4 9例淋巴结转移。随访8~4 4个月,随访率9 5.5%。随访未发现戳孔肿瘤种植,局部复发7例(6.5%),远处转移6例(5.6%),总病死率7.5%(8/1 0 7)。结论腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术不仅安全可行,具有微创优势,并可达到与开腹同样的肿瘤根治性效果。     

老年人结直肠肿瘤的微创手术治疗

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠手术治疗70岁以上老年人结直肠肿瘤的安全性与有效性. 方法回顾性总结2003年1～10月腹腔镜辅助与开腹结直肠手术治疗70岁以上老年人结直肠肿瘤的经验.同期比较腹腔镜手术(LAP组)30例与传统开腹手术(OPEN组)71例的手术安全性、并发症、术后恢复情况.结果 LAP组无手术相关死亡病例,OPEN组有2例(2.8%)分别因为术后肺部感染与吻合口瘘而死亡.两组病人随年龄增加ASA(american society of anesthesiology score)分级增高.OPEN组有29例(40.8%)发生术后并发症显著多于LAP组6例(20.0%)(P<0.05).LAP组病人术中出血、排气时间与进食半流质时间分别为(91.7±49.9)mL、(2.3±1.2)d与(4.9±1.8)d,与OPEN组(156.3±118.8)mL、(3.4±2.9)d与(5.8±1.2)d相比差异有显著性意义(P<0.05).两组手术时间与住院天数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论腹腔镜结直肠手术治疗70岁以上老年人结直肠肿瘤安全有效,值得进一步推广应用.     

不断提高我国腹腔镜直肠癌根治规范化水平

在我国,腹腔镜直肠癌手术是腹腔镜技术在胃肠外科领域发展最快、技术成熟度最高的新兴技术之一。腹腔镜技术提供的高清视野、图像放大效应及精细解剖等特色,最大程度满足了直肠癌手术需要在狭小骨盆内行筋膜间精细分离的需求,已逐渐成为直肠癌外科治疗的主流技术与方向。但腹腔镜直肠癌外科治疗的规范化实施仍是目前我国结直肠外科面临的严峻挑战,仍应从执行指南制定的治疗策略、肿瘤根治原则、功能保护原则、规范化侧方淋巴清扫及标准化病理评价等多个方面,抓好直肠癌根治的规范化诊断治疗,不断提高直肠癌外科治疗水平。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床效果。方法:回顾分析2011年3月至10月为26例结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床资料,并总结手术方式及随访结果。结果:手术时间105～315 min,平均185 min;术中出血量100～320 ml,平均175 ml;术后胃肠功能恢复时间1～4 d,平均1.8 d;标本切缘均阴性,清扫淋巴结总数10～22枚,平均15枚。术后未发生腹腔出血、吻合口漏及狭窄等并发症;术后住院7～10 d,平均8 d。随访3～10个月,平均8个月,均无转移、复发及切口种植。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术安全可行,具有微创、安全、术后康复快、肿瘤根治彻底等优点,在肿瘤根治性、手术时间、近期疗效等方面与传统开腹手术相当,值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜在结直肠癌根治手术中的应用分析

目的探讨腹腔镜技术在结直肠癌根治手术中的应用价值和治疗效果。方法对36例腹腔镜结直肠癌根治性切除术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 36例全部在腹腔镜辅助下顺利完成根治性切除手术,无中转开腹。平均手术时间(165.8±23.6)m in,术中平均出血量(163.6±89.3)mL,术后腹腔平均引流量(176.5±56.3)mL,术后肛门排气时间平均为3.5 d。手术中无邻近脏器及输尿管损伤,术后无出血、吻合口瘘、切口感染、排尿障碍及大便失禁等并发症发生,无手术死亡病例。全部患者于手术后72 h内下床活动并恢复肠道功能,平均住院时间(7.6±2.3)d。结论腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治手术具有创伤小、痛苦少、手术时间短、术中出血量小、恢复快、手术效果好等优点,是治疗结直肠癌的一种微创、安全、有效的手术方式。     

腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌手术短期效果的对比研究

目的:对比分析腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌手术的短期效果。方法:回顾分析2001～2010年1 743例结直肠癌患者的临床资料,其中864例行腹腔镜手术8,79例行开腹手术。结果:相对开腹组,腹腔镜组切口小([5.5±1.8)cm vs.(23±3.5)cm,P<0.01;]失血量少([110±41)ml vs.(350±56)ml,P<0.01);]术后阿片类镇痛剂使用例数少(179 vs.261,P<0.01);首次下床活动时间早([1.9±0.9)天vs.(2.5±1.2)天,P<0.01;]肠道功能恢复快([2.5±0.6)天vs.(3.8±0.7)天,P<0.01;]术后住院时间短[(6.5±1.3)天vs.(8.4±1.5)天,P<0.01;]术后并发症发生率低(15.7%vs.27.6%,P<0.01)。淋巴结清扫数量、标本切缘阳性率两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌手术安全可行,可取得与开腹手术相同的根治效果,且具有切口小、出血少、疼痛轻、术后住院时间短、并发症发生率低等优势,值得推广。     

Comparison of postoperative complications following radical and modified radical mastectomy

A retrospective study was carried out by reviewing the files of 100 patients who had undergone radical mastectomy and 100 patients who had undergone modified radical mastectomy from 1966 to 1975 for the purpose of comparing early and late complications. In each group, 80 patients were involved in long-term follow-up. Immediate postoperative complications—notably seromas, wound infection, and flap necrosis—were found to be considerably fewer following modified radical mastectomy. There was also a significantly lower incidence of late complications, such as limb edema and recurrent infection, after modified radical mastectomy. Since the cure rates achieved by the two radical mastectomy procedures appear to be similar, it is concluded that modified radical mastectomy is the procedure of choice in stages I and II cancer of the breast.

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Résumé Nous avons relevé les dossiers de 100 patientes traitées par mammectomie radicale conventionelle et de 100 patientes traitées par mammectomie radicale modifiée et avons comparé les complications post-opératoires observées dans les 2 groupes. Toutes les patientes furent opérées entre 1966 et 1975. Dans chaque groupe, nous avions un recul suffisant chez 80 patientes pour évaluer les résultats à long terme. Les complications post-opératoires, immédiates (sérÔmes, infections de plaie, nécrose de greffe cutanée) ou tardives (lymphoedème du bras, infections à répétition), furent beaucoup plus rares après mammectomie radicale modifiée. Etant donné que les taux de guérison obtenus avec ces 2 opérations semblent Être les mÊmes, nous en concluons que la mammectomie radicale modifiée est l'opération de choix pour traiter les cancers du sein au stade I et II.

     

后腹腔镜下与开放式两种肾癌根治术的疗效比较

目的：比较后腹腔镜肾癌根治术和开放肾癌根治术的治疗效果。方法：行后腹腔镜肾癌根治术32例，开放肾癌根治术20例，比较两种方法的手术时间、出血量、住院时间、手术效果的差别。结果：后腹腔镜手术时间为50～240min，平均120min，全部手术顺利，出血50～70ml，平均60ml，均未输血，平均住院7d；开放手术时间为120～360min，平均200min，出血100～300m1．平均200ml，均未输血，平均住院10d。结论：后腹腔镜肾癌根治术同开放肾癌根治术相比，出血少，恢复快，但手术效果相当。因此，后腹腔镜肾癌根治术是今后的发展方向。     

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy after aborted retropubic radical prostatectomy

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) has surged in popularity since US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2000. Advantages include improved visualization and increased instrument dexterity within the pelvis. Obesity and narrow pelves have been associated with increased difficulty during open retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), but the robotic platform theoretically allows one to perform a radical prostatectomy despite these challenges. We present an example of a RALP performed following an aborted RRP. A 49-year-old male with intermediate risk prostate cancer and body mass index of 38 kg/m² presented for RALP after RRP was aborted by an experienced open surgeon following incision of the endopelvic fascia due to poor visualization, a prominent pubic tubercle, and a narrow pelvis. The enhanced visualization and precision of the robotic platform allowed adequate exposure of the prostate and allowed us to proceed with an uncomplicated prostatectomy, which was not possible to perform easily via an open approach. The bladder was densely adherent to the pubis and the anterior prostatic contour and apex were difficult to develop due to a dense fibrotic reaction from the previous endopelvic fascia incision. However, we were able to successfully complete RALP with subtle technical modifications. Estimated blood loss was 160 mL and operating time was 145 min. The patient’s pathology was significant for a positive peri-prostatic lymph node and he has been referred to radiation oncology for adjuvant radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy. At 3 months follow-up he had a prostate-specific antigen level of 0.06 ng/mL, partial erections, and mild urinary incontinence requiring one pad per day. Superior intracorporeal laparoscopic visualization and improved instrument dexterity afforded by the robotic surgical platform may make RALP the preferred approach in obese men or men with difficult pelvic anatomy who are deemed poor RRP candidates.     

Costs of radical cystectomy

OBJECTIVE: The total costs of radical cystectomy comprise a significant part of the total costs of bladder cancer treatment. The aims of this study were to determine the costs of cystectomy, with and without complications, and to investigate related prognostic factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The clinical records and relevant economic files of 70 consecutive patients operated on between 1994 and 1998 were studied. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed on 22 variables of possible prognostic significance to high total costs. RESULTS: The total (median) costs for 53 uncomplicated and 17 complicated cystectomies were 181,096 and 290,625 SEK, respectively. The preoperative variables (patient characteristics) had no or minimal prognostic significance for high total costs. High peri-operative blood loss was the most important factor associated with high total hospital costs for radical cystectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Total costs may be very high for a cystectomy with complications. Peri-operative blood loss was the most important factor associated with high total hospital costs for radical cystectomy due to bladder cancer. If the amount of bleeding can be influenced then substantial reductions in the total costs of cystectomy would seem possible.     

Complications of radical prostatectomy

Between 1969 and 1984 a radical prostatectomy was performed in 175 patients for localized carcinoma of the prostate. This corresponds to a percentage of 18,2% of 962 patients with cancer of the prostate admitted to this hospital during the same period of time. The intra- and postoperative complications following radical prostatectomy in this series of 175 patients are analyzed. In 144 patients a retropubic prostatectomy was performed, whereas in 31 patients the perineal approach was utilized. There was a mortality rate of 1.1% (2 patients). Rectal injuries in 7 patients and ureteral transsection in 2 patients accounted for intraoperative complications. In the early postoperative period non-fatal pulmonary embolism occurred in 4 and myocardial infarction in 3 patients. In 3 cases (1,7%) a transitory hemodialysis became necessary because of renal insufficiency. Lymphoceles had to be treated in 22 patients (12,6%) and hematomas in 9 patients (5,1%). Persistent total urinary incontinence was observed in 8 patients (5%) and stress incontinence of varying degree in 25% of cases. The causes of these complications are analyzed and possible ways of preventing and treating them are discussed.