手助腹腔镜与开腹巨脾切除术的临床对比研究

目的对比手助腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗巨脾症的临床疗效。方法 2006年8月～2011年6月,将40例巨脾按患者意愿分成2组各20例,分别进行手助腹腔镜脾切除术(hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy,HALS)和传统开腹脾切除术(open splenectomy,OS),比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后并发症发生率及术后住院时间等。结果 20例HALS组手术均获得成功,无中转开腹。与OS组相比,HALS组手术时间长[(110.9±37.2)min vs.(80.2±20.7)min,t=3.225,P=0.003],术中出血量少[(205.2±70.7)ml vs.(390.7±175.1)ml,t=-4.393,P=0.000],术后肛门排气早[(1.8±0.6)d vs.(2.4±0.9)d,t=-2.481,P=0.018],术后住院时间短[(8.9±1.2)d vs.(10.9±1.8)d,t=-4.134,P=0.000],术后并发症发生率差异无显著性[0(0例)vs.5.0%(1例),P=1.000]。结论 相比开腹手术,手助腹腔镜巨脾切除术具有切口美观、创伤小、恢复快的优点,是一种安全可行的治疗巨脾症的手术方式。     

手助腹腔镜巨脾切除术32例

目的探讨手助腹腔镜巨脾切除的安全性和可行性。方法对32例巨脾患者,采用手助腹腔镜技术行巨脾切除术．应用超声刀分离．脾门血管分别用生物血管夹、直线切割器夹闭或结扎。结果32例手助腹腔镜巨脾切除术均获得成功,单纯脾切除平均手术时间为128min,平均出血量115ml,脾均质量1439g,术后平均住院9．1d。全组术后均未发生并发症,无手术死亡。结论手助腹腔镜巨脾切除术是安全可行的微创手术方式。     

手助腹腔镜巨脾切除术临床分析

目的探讨对巨脾行手助腹腔镜脾切除术(hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy,HALS)的可行性、安全性和手术技巧。方法2005年1月~2006年12月,对门脉高压性巨脾40例,采用HALS(n=15)或开腹脾切除(open splenectomy,OS)(n=25)。2组年龄、性别、肝功能分级、脾脏大小相似。结果2组未发生严重手术并发症。与OS组相比,HALS组术中出血多[(312±61)ml vs(235±105)ml,t=2.583,P=0.014],手术时间长[(95±20)min vs(73±16)min,t=3.832,P=0.000],术后肠功能恢复早[(48±1)h vs(98±1)h,t=-153.093,P=0.000],术后住院时间短[(6±2)d vs(10±2)d,t=-6.124,P=0.000)]。结论手助腹腔镜巨大脾脏切除是安全、可行的。与开腹脾脏切除相比,虽然手术时间长,但是术后恢复快、住院时间短。     

手助腹腔镜及开腹脾切除巨脾的临床疗效比较

目的比较手助腹腔镜(HALS)和开腹切除(OP)巨脾的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2004年—2010年行脾切除术患者的临床资料,比较其中大于20 cm脾脏行HALS和OP的临床疗效。结果大于20 cm的巨脾切除术患者41例,21例为HALS手术,20例为开腹脾切除手术。HALS组的中转开腹率4.7%。HALS和OP组的平均出血量为227 mL和887 mL(P=0.01),平均输血为0和0.6单位(P<0.05)。HALS组的住院时间比OP显著为短(4.3 d vs.8.4 d)(P=0.001)。并发症发生率两者相比无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 HALS是一项安全和有效的巨脾(大于20 cm)切除技术。相比开腹脾切除其住院时间更短,出血及输血更少,是一种行之有效的替代方法。     

手助法在腹腔镜巨脾切除术中的应用

目的 通过总结手助法在腹腔镜巨脾切除术中的应用经验,探讨手助法在腹腔镜脾切除术中的价值.方法 总结我科2007年3月至2012年4月施行的15例手助式腹腔镜巨脾切除术.结果 15例中,男6例,女9例,年龄21~46岁;其中1例采用Endo-GIA行一级脾蒂离断术,其余均通过超声刀及血管夹行二级脾蒂离断术,2例同时行贲门周围血管离断术.手术时间80~180min,平均(117.4±30.3) min,出血量20~450 mL,平均(178.0±137.7) mL,术后引流管于2~5 d拔出,住院时间8~10 d,无并发症发生.结论 手助法能够明显降低腹腔镜巨脾切除术的手术难度及术中出血的危险,缩短手术时间,减少出血量,值得推广.     

应用脾蒂先离断技术行手助腹腔镜巨脾切除与断流术

目的探讨手助腹腔镜巨脾切除术中脾门先离断技术的可行性。方法2003年8月-2009年12月,用脾门先离断技术完成手助腹腔镜巨脾切除16例,其中14例同时行贲门周围血管离断术。离断胃结肠韧带后,用伸人腹腔的手指分离脾蒂与其外侧腹膜之间的疏松组织,穿过脾蒂下方后,在手指引导下于脾蒂后方穿过吻合器钉座,击发后离断脾蒂。然后再离断脾周围韧带,完整切除脾脏。结果所有手术均顺利完成。手术时间（152．0±39．9）rain,术中出血量（263．8±161．2）ml,3例需要术中输血。无术后出血、膈下感染、发热等并发症。所有病例均获电话随访,随访时间1-40个月,平均24个月。无术后远期并发症,血小板计数1个月内恢复正常,随访期间无食管静脉曲张破裂再出血。结论脾蒂先离断技术可以增加手术安全性,缩短手术时间,减少术后并发症发生机会。     

手助腹腔镜技术在外伤性脾破裂中的应用

目的:探讨手助腹腔镜技术治疗外伤性脾破裂的临床价值。方法:19例外伤性脾破裂患者用手助腹腔镜技术行脾切除术。结果:18例手术均顺利完成,1例中转开腹,手术时间40～130min,平均60min,术后恢复良好,全组术后均无并发症发生及手术死亡病例。结论:手助腹腔镜技术治疗外伤性脾破裂患者创伤小,术后康复快,并发症少,是一种安全可行的术式。     

脾门先离断技术手助腹腔镜巨脾切除术

腹腔镜脾切除，尤其巨脾切除是难度、风险均较高的手术。手助腹腔镜脾切除术（hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy，HALS）用于巨脾切除，可极大地增加手术的安全性，缩短手术时间，减少并发症的发生。笔者近年发现，脾蒂与其外侧的腹膜之间为疏松间隙，打开胃结肠韧带后，用手指很容易在脾蒂后方这一间隙中分离，将手指从其下方伸出，在手指引导下置入直线切割吻合器钉座，击发后将脾蒂离断。脾蒂离断后可轻松地处理脾周组织，无需顾虑撕破血管导致大出血。由于打开胃结肠韧带后即可游离、离断脾蒂，     

手助腹腔镜脾切除与开腹脾切除对机体术后免疫功能影响的比较

目的研究手助腹腔镜脾切除术和开腹脾切除对机体免疫功能的影响,考察该术式的临床价值。方法16例肝硬化脾亢患者随机分为手助腹腔镜脾切除组和开腹脾切除组,比较两组病例术前、术后1d、3d、7d外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果开腹组术后1d、3d、7d的成熟淋巴细胞(CD3)、辅助淋巴细胞(CD4)及CD4与抑制性T淋巴细胞(CD8)的比值与术前相比明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。而腹腔镜组术后1d、3d、7d的CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8与术前相比没有显著差异(P>0.05)。结论手助腹腔镜脾切除术结合了微创外科和传统开腹手术的优点,具有安全、创伤小、恢复快的特点,具有很好的临床应用价值和前景。     

手助腹腔镜脾切除术

目的　探讨手助腹腔镜脾切除术手术技术。　方法　用手助腹腔镜技术完成 5例腹腔镜脾切除术 ,其中原发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP) 3例 ,血吸虫性肝硬变、脾肿大及脾功能亢进伴胆囊结石2例。 3例行手助腹腔镜脾切除术 ;2例同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除与手助腹腔镜巨脾切除。　结果　 2h～ 5h完成手术 ,术中出血少。患者术后恢复顺利。　结论　手助腹腔镜脾切除术操作安全、手术时间短 ,并使腹腔镜切除较大脾脏成为可能。     

全腹腔镜巨脾和非巨脾切除的对比研究

目的：探讨全腹腔镜巨脾切除术的安全性、可行性和手术技巧。方法：2007年3月1日—2009年5月31日实施腹腔镜脾切除术（LS）65例,以脾脏长径是否〉20cm分为巨脾组（n=24）和非巨脾组（n=41）。对2组术中出血量、中转开腹率、手术全程时间和术后并发症发生率进行对比。结果：2组均未发生严重手术并发症。与非巨脾组相比,巨脾组术中出血量、中转开腹率差异均无统计学意义,但手术全程时间长（P〈0.05）,并发症发生率高（P〈0.05）。结论：全腹腔镜巨脾切除术是安全、可行的。与非巨脾切除相比,手术时间长、术后并发症发生率高与原发病有关。     

巨脾切除术的技术要点

The spleen whose size reaches or exceeds third degree should be regarded as massive splenomegaly.Splenectomy for massive splenomegaly demands precise procedures.First,median incision on upper abdomen(or vertical rectus muscle splitting incision)and incision under left costal arch are preferred.Second,the spleen was freed and then 0.33 mg of epinephrine was injected via the splenic artery before splenic artery ligation.During the process,a cell saver helps to minimize blood loss and makes autoinfusion possible for patients with benign lesions.Third,preoperative administration of fibrinogen,platelet and essential styptieum combined with the cooperation between surgeons and anesthesi010gists are the key points of bloodless surgery which is important for the recovery of patients.Four common problems of splenectomy for massive splenomegaly should also be addressed,including operation discontinuance,perioperative hemorrhage,accessory injury and postoperative intractable fever.     

脾破裂手助腹腔镜切除术的应用

目的:探讨手助腹腔镜技术在脾破裂切除术中的应用。方法:用手助腹腔镜技术为15例外伤性脾破裂患者行脾切除术。结果:14例顺利完成手术,1例术中大出血中转开腹,平均手术时间105min,术中平均失血110ml,平均住院6.5d。结论:手助腹腔镜技术治疗外伤性脾破裂是安全可行的,适用于无脑、胸损伤,血液动力学稳定的患者。     

Efficacy and surgical procedures of preoperative splenic artery embolization for laparoscopic splenectomy of a massive splenomegaly: A case report

Here, we describe the case of a 58-year-old woman diagnosed with massive splenomegaly with a malignant lymphoma that had a maximum diameter of 24 cm. Splenectomy was indicated because of thrombocytopenia and abdominal distention. Therefore, a balloon catheter was inserted preoperatively through the splenic artery for embolization and continuous infusion to reduce the spleen volume. It enabled easy handling of the spleen and minimized bleeding. The volume of the spleen was estimated at 1896 g through the skin incision, as measured by volumetric computed tomography; thus, laparoscopy seemed difficult. However, the surgery was successfully performed only with laparoscopic surgery, and the volume of the resected spleen was 1020 g. This preoperative preparation is an effective alternative to laparoscopic removal of a huge splenomegaly.     

经腹腔镜脾切除治疗重度以上脾肿大的疗效观察

目的 探讨重度以上脾肿大经腹腔镜脾切除的安全性和有效性.方法 对1995年1月至2011年9月间行脾切除术的患者进行回顾性调查.定义脾上下极长度≥17cm或重量≥600 g为重度脾肿大,脾上下极长度≥22 cm或重量≥1600 g为巨脾.结果 行腹腔镜脾切除术22例,开腹脾切除术21例,其中巨脾患者行腹腔镜脾切除术与开腹脾切除术分别为12例和14例.与开腹脾切除术相比,巨脾患者腹腔镜脾切除术具有术中出血少( 308 ml vs 400 ml,P=0.24),术后住院时间短(3 dvs4.5d,P=0.054)和相似的并发症发生率(17 ％vs 14％),但手术时间较长(195 minvs 105 min,P=0.008),中转开腹率25％.所有行开腹脾切除术患者中再手术2例,1例死亡.结论 重度以上脾肿大经腹腔镜脾切除手术预后优于开腹手术.经腹腔镜脾切除术与手助腹腔镜脾切除预后相当.     

手助腹腔镜肝脾联合切除3例

目的探讨手助腹腔镜肝脾联合切除的可行性。方法采用手助腹腔镜（Hand—port）行肝脾联合切除术，选择剑突下正中或右肋缘下手助切口，手助下超声刀分离脾周韧带，Endo-GIA断脾蒂，采用超声刀、生物夹夹闭断肝，肝断面间断缝合闭合。结果3例手术均获得成功，手术时间分别为130、115、145min，术中出血量分别为350、50、150ml。3例术后未发生严重并发症，术后住院日分别为9、7、11d。3例分别随访6、23、5个月，肿瘤无复发。结论手助腹腔镜肝脾联合切除术安全、可行。     

手助腹腔镜行伴肝脾切除联合手术36例报告

目的：探讨手助腹腔镜用于伴肝脾切除复杂联合手术的可行性和安全性。方法：根据病灶部位和手术要求选择恰当的手助切口,为36例伴肝或脾联合病灶患者施行手助腹腔镜手术,其中肝脾联合切除4例,左肝巨大血管瘤及子宫全切除1例,巨脾及胆总管切开取石3例,改良Sugiura手术28例。结果：36例联合手术均在手助腹腔镜下获得成功,平均手术时间146min,平均出血133ml,术后无严重并发症发生,术后平均住院11.2d。结论：严格掌握手术适应证,手助腹腔镜行伴肝脾切除复杂联合手术是安全可行的,有利于减少创伤,降低手术难度,缩短手术时间,有效控制出血。     

Minimal-access splenectomy: a viable alternative to laparoscopic splenectomy in massive splenomegaly.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic splenectomy of normal-sized spleens or in moderate splenomegaly is performed with increasing frequency. By using a modification of the open laparotomy, minimal-access splenectomy is an attractive alternative in severe splenomegaly. METHODS: Between September 2002 and October 2003, 9 patients (mean age, 58.8 years; range, 41 to 72) with severe splenomegaly (mean length, 27.9 cm; range, 23 to 32) underwent minimal-access splenectomy. Indications for splenectomy were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 5 cases and idiopathic myelofibrosis in 4. RESULTS: Minimal-access splenectomy was successfully completed in all patients. Mean operative time was 124 minutes (range, 75 to 165). Postoperative complications occurred in 2 cases; one perioperative death occurred in a patient with idiopathic myelofibrosis as a consequence of a secondary blast crisis. Median postoperative hospital stay was 9.1 days (range, 6 to 15). CONCLUSIONS: Minimal-access splenectomy seems to be a viable alternative to laparoscopic splenectomy in cases of severe splenomegaly. It combines the advantages of hand assistance like shorter operative times and increased safety of the procedure to the classical benefits of minimally invasive surgery.     

手助腹腔镜与开腹脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术的临床分析

目的 探讨肝硬化门脉高压症继发食管胃底静脉曲张、脾功能亢进患者行手助腹腔镜(hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery,HALS)脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术与开腹脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术(open splenectomy,OS)的肝功能变化及临床疗效.方法 回顾分析2002年1月至2008年5月施行脾切除责门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症94例,其中手助腹腔镜手术(HALS组)38例,开腹手术(OS组)56例.术前按Child法进行肝功能分级,对比分析两组手术时间、术中失血、术后并发症发生率、肝功能损害和病死率.结果 手助腹腔镜组与开腹组两组手术用时差异无显著性(P＞0.05);术中平均出血量、并发症发生率分别为5.6%和10.8%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组术后ALT比较差异无统计学意义,ALB比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),AST第5天比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);HALS组ALT、AST术后均较术前升高,但只有AST升高有统计学意义(P＜0.05);OS组ALT、AST术后均比术前显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组ALB术后均比术前降低,OS组差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),HALS组仅第1、3天差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 手助腹腔镜脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术对肠道和肝功能影响较开腹组小,术后并发症少,是安全可行的.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the changes in liver function and the efficacy of either hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) or open splenectomy (OS) in combination with pericardial devascularization in the treatment of portal hypertension. Methods The clinical data of 94 patients who received splenectomy combined with pericardial devascularization to treat portal hypertension due to cirrhosis from Jan 2002 to May 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. 56 patients received OS and 38patients HALS. The operating time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, liver dysfunction and mortality were analyzed according to the Child's grading. Results There was no difference in the operating time between HALS and OS (P＞0. 05). The intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications were 5.6% and 10.8%, respectively (P＜0. 05). There was no significant difference in the serum ALT between HALS and OS, but there was a significant difference in the ALB (P＜0. 05). The AST also had a significant difference on postoperative day 5 (P＜0. 05). The serum ALT and AST were elevated after HALS, but there was a significant difference only for AST (P＜0.05). The serum ALT and AST in OS were significantly higher after than before operation (P＜0. 05). The serum ALB in OS was significantly lower after operation (P＜0.05), but it was significantly lower only on postoperative days 1 and 3 (P＜0.05) in HALS. Conclusions Compared with OS, HALS combined with pericardial devascularization caused less damage to the intestinal tract and the liver function. It is a feasible and safe operation and it had fewer postoperative complications.