手助腹腔镜巨脾和胆囊联合切除术

目的 :总结手助的腹腔镜巨脾切除手术技术。方法 :用手助技术完成腹腔镜巨脾和胆囊联合切除术治疗 1例脾肿大、脾功能亢进伴胆囊结石患者。结果 :4 5h完成手术 ,术中出血较少。患者术后恢复良好。结论 :手助的腹腔镜巨脾和胆囊联合切除术操作安全 ,手术时间短 ,技术上完全可行     

手助的腹腔镜脾切除术

目的 探讨手助的腹腔镜脾切除术手术技术。方法用手助技术完成5例腹腔镜脾切除术，其中原发性血小板减少性紫癜3例，血吸虫性肝硬化、脾肿大及脾功能亢进伴胆囊结石2例。3例行手助的腹腔镜脾切除术，2例同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除术 手助腹腔镜巨脾切除。结果 2～5h完成手术，术中出血少。病人术后恢复顺利。结论 手助腹腔镜脾切除术操作安全、手术时间缩短，并使腹腔镜切除较大脾脏成为可能。     

手助腹腔镜脾切除术

目的　探讨手助腹腔镜脾切除术手术技术。　方法　用手助腹腔镜技术完成 5例腹腔镜脾切除术 ,其中原发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP) 3例 ,血吸虫性肝硬变、脾肿大及脾功能亢进伴胆囊结石2例。 3例行手助腹腔镜脾切除术 ;2例同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除与手助腹腔镜巨脾切除。　结果　 2h～ 5h完成手术 ,术中出血少。患者术后恢复顺利。　结论　手助腹腔镜脾切除术操作安全、手术时间短 ,并使腹腔镜切除较大脾脏成为可能。     

手助腹腔镜巨脾切除术32例

目的探讨手助腹腔镜巨脾切除的安全性和可行性。方法对32例巨脾患者,采用手助腹腔镜技术行巨脾切除术．应用超声刀分离．脾门血管分别用生物血管夹、直线切割器夹闭或结扎。结果32例手助腹腔镜巨脾切除术均获得成功,单纯脾切除平均手术时间为128min,平均出血量115ml,脾均质量1439g,术后平均住院9．1d。全组术后均未发生并发症,无手术死亡。结论手助腹腔镜巨脾切除术是安全可行的微创手术方式。     

腹腔镜门脉高压症巨脾切除术脾蒂的处理体会

目的:探讨手助腹腔镜下巨脾切除的脾蒂处理方法和技术。方法:2003年2月~2006年3月共完成手助腹腔镜门脉高压症巨脾切除术33例。脾蒂的处理方法如下:直线切割缝合器23例,直视下结扎4例,血管闭合器(L igaSure)2例,钛夹2例,腔镜下结扎2例。结果:33例手术全部成功处理脾蒂,未发生脾蒂大出血。手术时间150~260m in,平均190m in。术中出血100~2 000m l,平均490m l。切除脾重500~2 000g,平均910g。术后32例恢复顺利,1例因肝功能衰竭死亡。结论:腔镜下巨脾切除术脾蒂处理十分关键,直视下结扎和应用直线切割缝合器处理脾蒂最为安全、有效。     

腹腔镜脾切除术

1991年Delaitre等首先完成了首例腹腔镜脾切除术以后，有关腹腔镜脾切除术的报道及其与开腹脾切除手术的对比研究论文大量发表，国内也陆续开展了此项技术。目前腹腔镜脾切除术已经成为腹部外科最常见的腹腔镜实质脏器手术。一般认为，需要掌握高级腹腔镜手术技巧的外科医生才能胜任这种手术。随着技术的成熟和经验的积累，针对不同疾病的各种腹腔镜脾脏手术陆续开展，如脾囊肿开窗术、外伤性脾破裂修补及脾血管结扎止血术、部分脾切除术、腹腔镜副脾切除术及手助腹腔镜巨脾切除术治疗门脉高压性脾功能亢进症等。     

脾破裂手助腹腔镜切除术的应用

目的:探讨手助腹腔镜技术在脾破裂切除术中的应用。方法:用手助腹腔镜技术为15例外伤性脾破裂患者行脾切除术。结果:14例顺利完成手术,1例术中大出血中转开腹,平均手术时间105min,术中平均失血110ml,平均住院6.5d。结论:手助腹腔镜技术治疗外伤性脾破裂是安全可行的,适用于无脑、胸损伤,血液动力学稳定的患者。     

我国手助腹腔镜与开腹脾切除术临床疗效比较的系统评价

目的:用系统评价的方法比较手助腹腔镜脾切除术与开腹脾切除术的临床效果.方法:收集1991年-2012年国内公开发表的有关比较手助腹腔镜脾切除术与开腹脾切除术的临床对照研究,筛选出符合条件的研究进行Meta分析.结果:经筛选后纳入符合标准的文献8篇,共419例患者,其中手助腹腔镜脾切除202例(手助组),开腹脾切除217例(开腹组).Meta分析结果显示手助组的手术时间较开腹组长,而术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间均小于开腹组(均P＜0.05).结论:手助腹腔镜脾切除术具有术中出血量少、术后胃肠功能恢复快、住院时间短等优点.然而因该系统评价纳入研究多为非随机对照试验,研究中存在偏倚因素并可能会对最终结论造成影响,因此上述结论尚需谨慎对待,仍需进一步开展多中心、大样本随机对照试验来验证.     

两种腹腔镜手术治疗巨脾的疗效研究

目的:探讨手助巨脾微创切除及同步脾血回输的疗效。方法:回顾分析50例门静脉高压症伴脾亢患者的临床资料,将患者分为完全腹腔镜组(n=20)与手助腹腔镜组(n=30),术中均行同步脾血回输,对比两组患者的临床疗效。结果:手助腹腔镜组术中出血量平均(88.10±16.32)ml,无术后并发症发生;完全腹腔镜组术中出血量平均(94.20±12.32)ml,术后并发症发生率为5.00%,两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但手助腹腔镜组手术时间[(75.20±12.31)min]、取脾时间[(8.20±3.11)min]、术后住院时间[(8.91±1.20)d]均短于完全腹腔镜组[(120.70±19.31)min、(25.20±2.71)min、(11.02±0.93)d],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。重度脾肿大患者术中出血量[(103.85±26.02)ml]、手术中转率(20.00%)均显著高于中度脾肿大患者[(70.41±10.28)ml、0.00%],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。同步脾血回输后的血红蛋白水平[(119.21±8.70)g/L]显著高于输血前[(98.21±5.62)g/L],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与完全腹腔镜巨脾切除术相比,手助巨脾微创切除术治疗门静脉高压症伴脾亢操作更快捷,安全性更高,同步脾血回输利于患者血红蛋白水平的恢复,具有临床推广价值。     

经腹腔镜脾切除治疗重度以上脾肿大的疗效观察

目的 探讨重度以上脾肿大经腹腔镜脾切除的安全性和有效性.方法 对1995年1月至2011年9月间行脾切除术的患者进行回顾性调查.定义脾上下极长度≥17cm或重量≥600 g为重度脾肿大,脾上下极长度≥22 cm或重量≥1600 g为巨脾.结果 行腹腔镜脾切除术22例,开腹脾切除术21例,其中巨脾患者行腹腔镜脾切除术与开腹脾切除术分别为12例和14例.与开腹脾切除术相比,巨脾患者腹腔镜脾切除术具有术中出血少( 308 ml vs 400 ml,P=0.24),术后住院时间短(3 dvs4.5d,P=0.054)和相似的并发症发生率(17 ％vs 14％),但手术时间较长(195 minvs 105 min,P=0.008),中转开腹率25％.所有行开腹脾切除术患者中再手术2例,1例死亡.结论 重度以上脾肿大经腹腔镜脾切除手术预后优于开腹手术.经腹腔镜脾切除术与手助腹腔镜脾切除预后相当.     

Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy for massive splenomegaly: a comparative study

BACKGROUND: Despite the benefits of the laparoscopic approach to splenectomy, its application in patients with massive splenomegaly (splenic weight >or= 1000 g) remains controversial. In this study we evaluated the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly compared with open splenectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One surgeon applied the laparoscopic approach to splenectomy to all comers with massive splenomegaly, while other surgeons carried out the surgery through a laparotomy. The outcomes of the two approaches were compared on an intention-to-treat basis. Results of continuous variables are shown as medians. RESULTS: Fifteen patients underwent laparoscopic splenectomy between 2000 and 2005, and 13 underwent open splenectomy between 1996 and 2003. The two groups were comparable for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and splenic weight (1.3 vs. 1.1 kg). There was one conversion (6.6%) to open surgery. Although laparoscopic splenectomy was associated with significantly longer operating time (175 vs. 90 minutes, P < 0.001), it carried lower postoperative morbidity and mortality (13.3 vs. 30.8% and 0 vs. 7.7%, respectively). Laparoscopic splenectomy was associated with significantly lower total dose (29 vs. 264 mg morphine-equivalent, P < 0.0001) and duration of opiate usage (1 vs. 4 days, P < 0.0001); duration of parenteral hydration (24 vs. 96 hours, P = 0.006) and more rapid resumption of oral diet (24 vs. 72 hours, P = 0.017); and a shorter postoperative hospital stay (3 vs. 10 days, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic approach to splenectomy for massive splenomegaly is feasible and safe. Despite a longer operating time, the postoperative recovery following laparoscopic splenectomy is smoother, with lower morbidity and shorter postoperative hospital stay compared with open splenectomy.     

Splenic artery embolization using contour emboli before laparoscopic or laparoscopically assisted splenectomy

The present study assessed preoperative splenic artery embolization using spherical embolic material, super absorbent polymer microspheres (SAP-MS), before laparoscopic or laparoscopically assisted splenectomy. Distal splenic artery embolization using 250 to 400 microm SAP-MS was performed in nine cases with ITP and in seven cases with the other diseases with splenomegaly. Laparoscopic or laparoscopically assisted splenectomies, including a hand-assisted procedure and the procedure involving left upper minilaparotomy, were done 2 to 4 hours after embolization. Conversion to traditional laparotomy was not required in any of the 16 cases, while conversion to 12-cm laparotomy was required in one case with massive splenomegaly. Mean operating time was 161 minutes, and mean intraoperative blood loss was 290 mL. No major postoperative complications were identified, and only one patient reported postembolic pain before surgery. Preoperative splenic artery embolization using painless embolic material, SAP-MS, would be effective for easy and safe laparoscopic or laparoscopically assisted splenectomy.     

Massive Splenomegaly in Children: Laparoscopic Versus Open Splenectomy

Background and Objectives:

Laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly is still a controversial procedure as compared with open splenectomy. We aimed to compare the feasibility of laparoscopic splenectomy versus open splenectomy for massive splenomegaly from different surgical aspects in children.

Methods:

The data of children aged <12 years with massive splenomegaly who underwent splenectomy for hematologic disorders were retrospectively reviewed in 2 pediatric surgery centers from June 2004 until July 2012.

Results:

The study included 32 patients, 12 who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy versus 20 who underwent open splenectomy. The mean ages were 8.5 years and 8 years in the laparoscopic splenectomy group and open splenectomy group, respectively. The mean operative time was 180 minutes for laparoscopic splenectomy and 120 minutes for open splenectomy. The conversion rate was 8%. The mean amount of intraoperative blood loss was 60 mL in the laparoscopic splenectomy group versus 110 mL in the open splenectomy group. Postoperative atelectasis developed in 2 cases in the open splenectomy group (10%) and 1 case in the laparoscopic splenectomy group (8%). Oral feeding postoperatively resumed at a mean of 7.5 hours in the laparoscopic splenectomy group versus 30 hours in the open splenectomy group. The mean hospital stay was 36 hours in the laparoscopic splenectomy group versus 96 hours in the open splenectomy group. Postoperative pain was less in the laparoscopic splenectomy group.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly in children is safe and feasible. Although the operative time was significantly greater in the laparoscopic splenectomy group, laparoscopic splenectomy was associated with statistically significantly less pain, less blood loss, better recovery, and shorter hospital stay. Laparoscopic splenectomy for pediatric hematologic disorders should be the gold-standard approach regardless of the size of the spleen.     

Laparoscopic splenectomy: size matters

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery is arguably the treatment of choice for patients undergoing elective splenectomy; however, for those patients with massive splenomegaly, laparoscopic surgery may prove difficult. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 6 years' experience of elective splenectomy was reviewed, in particular looking at the outcome of laparoscopic splenectomy in relation to the degree of splenomegaly. RESULTS: The conversion rate for laparoscopic splenectomy on patients with spleens weighing less than 1 kg was 0% whereas the conversion rate for those with spleens weighing more than 1 kg was 60%. In addition, a good correlation between both operative time and intra-operative blood loss in relation to splenic weight was observed. Open splenectomy on patients with spleens weighing more than 1 kg reduced the operative time and intra-operative blood loss without affecting hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic splenectomy is the method of choice for elective splenectomy in patients with splenic weight estimated to be < 1 kg; however, the operation takes longer, there is a high risk of conversion and there is an increase in blood loss/morbidity associated with massive splenomegaly (spleen > 1 kg) if splenectomy is attempted laparoscopically.     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy for giant spleens

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly is technically difficult, and the morcellated splenic tissue may be inadequate for histologic study. A hand-assisted technique may provide a technical advantage and allow removal of larger pieces of spleen. METHODS: Patients who underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly were reviewed. Demographic information, operative data, and outcomes data were tabulated. RESULTS: Sixteen patients met these criteria. Mean age was 56 years (range, 35-78 years). Operating time averaged 240 min (range, 165-360 min), and median blood loss was 425 cc (range, 100-1800 cc). There were no conversions to an open procedure. Mean weight of extracted spleens was 2008 g (range, 543-4090 g). Postoperative length of stay averaged 3.3 days (range, 2-7 days). There was one postoperative complication (6.25%) and no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly is feasible and safe while preserving the recovery benefits of minimal access surgery. It provides an adequate specimen for histologic study.     

Laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly using a Lahey bag

BACKGROUND: Although the recent development of hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) has made the laparoscopic retraction of large spleens feasible, the laparoscopic removal of massively enlarged spleens (>1,000 g) remains a significant problem because these spleens do not fit into endoscopic bags. Consequently, in order to remove massive spleens either a large abdominal incision or morcellation of the spleen outside of an endoscopy bag is required. METHODS: Two patients, with spleens weighing 2,510 g and 1,720 g, underwent laparoscopic splenectomy using a hand port to ensure safe retraction. The massive spleen was placed into a Lahey bag that was inserted into the abdomen through the hand port site. While in the Lahey bag, the spleen was removed piecemeal through the hand port site. RESULTS: Both operations were completed laparoscopically without complications. The patients were discharged on postoperative day 2 and experienced minimal morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: The Lahey bag facilitates laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly as even the most massive spleens will fit into a Lahey bag. A massive spleen may be removed piecemeal from the Lahey bag through the small hand port incision without risking a large abdominal incision, splenosis, or the insertion of a morcellator.     

Laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is the preferred operative approach for diseases involving normal-sized spleens. Our experience with laparoscopic splenectomy in the setting of massive splenomegaly is presented. METHODS: A prospective review of patients undergoing LS for massive splenomegaly was conducted. Massive splenomegaly (MS) in adults was defined as a craniocaudal length >or=17 cm or a morcellated weight >or=600 g. In children, spleens measuring fourfold larger than normal for age were considered massive. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients with MS were treated with LS. The most common primary diagnoses were lymphoma and leukemia. Mean splenic length was 20 cm (15 to 27 cm), with weights ranging from 600 to 4,750 g. Twelve patients with supermassive splenomegaly (length >22 cm) required a hand-assisted laparoscopic approach. There were no conversions to open surgery. Mean operating time was 171 minutes (90 to 369). Mean blood loss was 114 cc (<30 to 600 cc). Average length of stay was 2.3 days (1 to 16). Minor postoperative complications occurred in 3 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic splenectomy in the setting of splenomegaly is safe and appears to minimize perioperative morbidity. In patients with supermassive splenomegaly, a hand-assisted laparoscopic approach may be required.     

Laparoscopic versus open pediatric splenectomy for massive splenomegaly

Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has rapidly evolved into the technique of choice compared with open splenectomy (OS) because of the advantages of the minimally invasive approach. Splenomegaly increases the technical difficulties of LS. LS for massive splenomegaly has generally been found to fail in adults and children. With improvements in laparoscopic technique and accumulation of laparoscopic experience, however, concerns about completing the procedure in pediatric cases with even massive splenomegaly have been lowered. A retrospective review (April 1997-October 2009) of databases at 2 institutions identified 145 children undergoing splenectomy, 79 laparoscopic and 66 open. We defined splenic margin below the umbilicus or anteriorly extending over the midline as massive splenomegaly. By this definition, 22 cases of pediatric laparoscopic and 17 cases of open splenectomies for massive splenomegaly were performed. Perioperative and follow-up data of laparoscopic pediatric splenectomies were compared with those of open splenectomies, including operative time, bleeding, spleen size, complications, and hospital stay. There were no deaths, wound infections, or instances of pancreatitis. No accessory spleen was missed by laparoscopic; accessory spleens were missed in 2 patients in open splenectomies. The complication rate of laparoscopic versus open was 13.6% versus 41.2%. No subsequent surgery was necessary for dealing with complications both in laparoscopic and open series. Laparoscopic pediatric splenectomy for massive splenomegaly is a feasible, effective, and safe procedure and is associated with low morbidity and a short hospital stay.     

腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿系疾病44例的总结

目的:探讨腹腔镜在泌尿外科手术中的临床应用价值。方法:用后腹膜腔和经腹腔(包括手辅式)术式治疗肾癌、肾盂癌、肾上腺肿瘤、无功能肾积水、乳糜尿、肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄、肾盂结石和肾囊肿。结果:41例手术均成功,手术时间30～140min,平均48min,术中出血10～100ml,平均40ml。术中患者生命体征平稳。3例中转开放手术。结论:只要术前做好充分准备,腔内操作技术熟练,腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿外科相关疾病不仅安全、微创,而且患者出血少、康复快,有些疾病可将腹腔镜手术作为首选的治疗方法。