2003年河南省医用电子加速器放射防护检测结果与分析

目的 调查河南省医用电子加速器设备及场所的防护状况,探讨提高放射治疗质量的措施。方法 按照《医用电子加速器性能和试验方法》对医用电子加速器进行检测。结果 大部分加速器的防护性能指标都能符合国家有关标准,但也存在一些问题。结论 加强对放疗设备进行状态检测和开展质量保证工作,提高放射工作人员的安全文化素养,是提高放射治疗质量的重要措施。     

2007年河南省医用电子加速器放射防护检测结果与分析

目的 调查河南省医用电子加速器设备及场所的防护状况,探讨提高放射治疗质量的措施。方法 按照《医用电子加速器性能和试验方法》对医用电子加速器进行检测。结果 大部分加速器的检测指标都能符合国家有关标准要求,但也存在一些问题。结论 加强对放疗设备进行状态检测和开展质量保证工作,提高放射工作人员的安全文化素养,是提高放射治疗质量的重要措施。     

广东省医用电子加速器应用现状调查分析

目的 调查广东省医用电子加速器应用现状,分析放射治疗质量保证工作中存在的问题,为加强大型医用设备配置管理提供科学依据,促进全省医用电子加速器的应用。。方法 根据近两年来省内医用电子加速器质控检测结果,结合填报调查表的方法,进行统计分析。结果 广东省现有医用电子加速器54台,主要集中在珠三角地区,在防护性能检测的8个项目中,5个项目合格率为100%,加速器相关配套人员、设备不足。结论 广东省医用电子加速器配置分布不均,质控工作以及应用质量监督管理应继续加强,同时必须严格执行《放射诊疗管理规定》中的配置要求,确保我省放射治疗工作健康发展。     

某军区2010年医用电子加速器性能检测与质量控制

目的 调查某军区所属医疗单位医用电子加速器的质量性能状况,探讨提高放射治疗质量的措施。方法 按照国家相关标准对医用电子加速器进行监测。结果 大部分加速器的检测指标都能符合国家相关标准要求,但也存在一些问题。结论 加强对加速器进行日常检测和开展质量保证工作,规范质量控制程序,提高放射工作人员的安全文化素养,是提高放射治疗质量的重要措施。     

某医院医用直线加速器项目设计干预与防护效果验证

目的 干预医用直线加速器项目设计,验证放射防护效果,实现放射防护最优化。方法 根据相关标准和资料,对某医院肿瘤治疗中心医用直线加速器系统设计进行干预,利用剂量率仪和热释光剂量计对相关工作场所进行放射性水平监测,对其放射防护效果进行验证。结果 直线加速器机房按设计方案修改意见建成后,降低了基建投资,所测射线防护指标和机房防护设施符合有关标准和规定的要求。结论 放射卫生单位严格按照国家有关法规标准设计建设大型医用射线项目的同时,加强设计干预与放射防护效果验证,对于消除项目隐患、节省建设经费,提高放射诊疗质量和保证安全防护具有深远的意义。     

四川省医用加速器性能和防护检测结果

目的 加强对四川省放射治疗设备的管理,保证放射治疗的质量和工作人员以及患者的安全。方法 根据国家有关标准规定的方法。结果 22台医用电子加速器的性能指标多数符合国家标准的要求;机房防护较好;具备与防护有关的规章制度核设施。结论 四川省目前在用医用加速器性能基本能满足治疗工作的要求,工作人员和患者的防护措施安全、有效。     

驻京部队医院电子直线加速器放射防护与质量控制调查

目的 为提高部队医院的放射治疗质量,保障病人和工作人员的健康安全,对驻京部队7家医院的8台直线电子加速器进行了放射防护和质量控制情况检查。方法 按《医用电子加速器性能和试验方法》对医用电子直线加速器进行检查和检测。结果 大部分加速器的指标都能满足国家标准规定,但也存在一些问题。结论 医院放疗科的质量控制是十分必要的。     

河北省部分医用电子加速器输出量检测结果与分析

目的 了解全省医用电子加速器输出量的准确性,促进放射治疗质量和安全。方法 依据相关标准与方法对全省部分医用电子加速器的输出量进行检测。结果 医用电子加速器输出量初检合格率88.2%,复检后全部合格,合格率100%;进口设备输出量检测结果明显优于国产设备,三级医院和省级医院的合格率明显高于二级医院和市、县级医院。结论 检测结果表明河北省医用电子加速器的输出量的准确性还有待提高,应进一步采取措施加强放射治疗质量控制工作。     

2000年辽宁省医用电子加速器放射卫生防护监测与评价

目的 对辽宁省医用电子加速器进行防护监测。方法 按照有关国家标准和规定,对20台加速器进行了放射防护测试。结果 加速器工作人员受照剂量一般在1~3倍环境本底水平;加速器的漏射线符合标准要求;射线质量和机械质量基本达到标准要求;照射野质量和治疗剂量质量合格率偏低;旧机器和二手机存在质量隐患。结论 应进一步加强管理,确保加速器在最佳状态下运行。     

XHA 600C型医用电子加速器性能检测与评价

目的 为保证放射治疗的质量,保障放射工作人员和公众的健康,对XHA 600C型医用电子直线加速器的主要性能指标进行检测,对加速器机房的屏蔽及周围环境进行辐射安全评价。方法 依据国家相关的放射卫生防护标准进行检测和评价。结果 检测了XHA 600C型医用电子直线加速器的主要性能指标和工作场所及周围辐射水平。结论 该医用加速器符合国家相关标准的要求。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.