脑立体定向术控制癌症疼痛的护理

目的　总结脑立体定向术控制癌症顽痛的护理经验。方法　 86例晚期癌症顽痛行立体定向脑中央中核毁损术。结果　晚期癌症顽痛术后有效止痛率 91% ,8例仍有轻度疼痛 ,2例合并颅内出血。结论　术前做好心理护理 ,术后密切观察生命体征、神志的变化预防并发症是关键。     

骨转移癌痛的立体定向放射治疗

目的 评价立体定向大剂量少分次放射治疗骨转移癌痛的临床疗效.方法 采用深圳奥沃公司生产的OUR-QGD型立体定向伽玛射线体部治疗系统(简称体部伽玛刀)治疗156例骨转移癌痛患者,用50%等剂量曲线覆盖整个靶区,单次周边剂量给予7.5～10Gy,周边总剂量控制在30Gy,分割3～4次,1周内完成治疗总剂量控制在30Gy,分割3～4次,1周内完成治疗.结果 156例患者治疗后疼痛症状完全缓解110例(70.51%)、部分缓解43例(27.56%),总有效率为98.08%.治疗后随访时间2～20个月,疼痛的中位缓解时间为12.6个月.结论 立体定向大剂量少分次放射治疗骨转移癌痛,疗效满意,治疗时间短,止痛起效快,缓解时间长,复发率低,是一种安全、有效的止痛方法.     

癌症疼痛控制的若干问题

目的　探讨应用三阶梯止痛原则治疗癌性疼痛的疗效及癌痛控制中存在的若干问题。方法　按WHO提出的三阶梯止痛原则 ,对伴有疼痛的癌症病人给予止痛治疗并结合有关文献对存在的问题进行讨论。结果　 60例癌痛病人中显效 48例 ,显效率达 80 % ,副作用小。结论　三阶梯止痛原则治疗癌痛 ,疗效确切 ,在癌症疼痛控制中 ,应提高认识 ,以利于癌症病人疼痛的缓解及生活质量的提高。     

计算机辅助脑内靶点定位结合电生理刺激射频毁损治疗帕金森病疗效观察

目的：研究计算机辅助立体定向脑内靶点定位与术中电生理刺激射频结合确定丘脑腹外侧核(VL)、苍白球腹后外侧部(VPLP)在治疗帕金森病(PD)中的作用。方法：对58例PD患者共进行76次手术，先进行立体定向CT扫描，将扫描资料在专用的软件中确定靶点后，再于术中应用电生理刺激的方法验证和纠偏，根据调整后的结果进行射频毁损。结果：立体定向CT扫描计算机定位准确率达92．1％，电生理纠偏率为7．9％。显效66例次，有效10例次，无效0例次。结论：立体定向CT扫描计算机定位准确性高，疗效肯定，术中电生理刺激验证和纠偏仍有必要。     

图像引导立体定向放射治疗骨转移癌痛临床疗效

目的:评价带图像引导立体定向放射治疗对骨转移癌痛的临床疗效及安全性.方法:回顾性分析2012年12月至2013年6月期间采用深圳海博公司生产的带图像引导立体定向伽玛射线治疗系统治疗15例骨转移癌痛患者,采用图像引导技术进行摆位验证后进行治疗,两周内完成治疗.结果:15例中通过病房观察及门诊随访,随访结果治疗后疼痛症状完全缓解CR10例(66.6%),部分缓解PR4例(26.7%),1例缓解不明显SD(6.7%),但通过服用镇痛药物可控制.总有效率为93.3%.治疗后随访时间3~10个月,疼痛的中位缓解时间为治疗开始后1周.结论:带图像引导立体定向放射治疗骨转移癌痛,有效率高.     

脑立体定向射频毁损术治疗帕金森病的临床体会

帕金森病立体定向术脑内靶点的精确定位是手术成功的关键.选择何种序列成像最能直观准确显示靶点是值得探讨的问题.2000年1月～2008年12月,我们对30例帕金森病患者采用不同CT、MRI定位实施立体定向术,取得良好疗效,报告如下.     

简易三维立体定位方法微创治疗高血压脑出血在基层医院的应用

目的:寻找一种简便、快捷、准确、经济、易掌握的颅内血肿立体定位方法.方法:所谓"三维立体":是按三维坐标(X、Y、Z轴)方法,确定血肿穿刺靶点在颅内三维空间中的位置.即指:①X轴:靶点到外侧头皮距离;②Y轴:靶点到前冠状线的距离;③Z轴:靶点到基线的距离.结果:对50例高血压脑出血患者的颅内血肿进行简易三维立体定位方法立体定向穿刺,术中复查CT,均快速、准确地到达了靶点,准确率98%.结论:利用简易三维立体定位方法进行立体定向穿刺穿刺,操作简便、快捷、准确、经济、易掌握,尤其适用于高血压脑出血定位.     

癌痛控制的护理

目的:探讨疼痛护理对癌痛控制的影响。方法:对156例晚期癌症患者在治疗和护理前后进行疼痛评估。结果:经过合理有效的按阶梯给药止痛和全面疼痛护理,患者疼痛得到明显缓解,有效率达94.2%。结论:通过有效的药物治疗、心理护理、疾病宣教、和谐环境、饮食护理等,药物止痛和全面疼痛护理充分结合,使癌痛治疗有效率明显提高,并及时恰当地预防、处理了药物不良反应的发生,值得临床推广。     

帕金森病脑立体定向术磁共振靶点定位研究

目的　探讨帕金森病脑立体定向术磁共振靶点定位最佳方式。方法　对 68例帕金森病患者行磁共振结合微电极记录定位 ,立体定向脑核团 (Vim或 Gpi)毁损术。随机分为两组 ,靶点分别采用中反转恢复序列 (IR)扫描直视定位和常规自旋回波 (SE)序列扫描解剖间接定位。以术中微电极记录和射频刺激验证确定的毁损靶点为标准 ,观察毁损靶点与影像定位靶点坐标的一致性 ,统计两种 MRI定位方式下预定靶点与毁损靶点坐标符合率 ,结合疗效分析评价两种定位法。结果　 32例行 IR扫描直视定位 ,36例行 SE扫描间接定位。术中靶点符合率前者均为 87.5% (Vim和 Gpi) ;后者为 33.33% (Vim)和 37.93% (Gpi)。两种定位法靶点符合率存在显著差异 (P<0 .0 5)。MRI直视定位较解剖间接定位电生理靶点符合率高。结论　 IR序列是 MRI帕金森病立体定向靶点定位的优选扫描方式。其个体化直视定位靶点对提高疗效、减少手术损伤、避免并发症发生有重要意义     

阳和汤加减联合西医止痛药治疗骨转移癌疼痛的临床观察

【目的】观察阳和汤加减配合西医止痛药治疗骨转移癌疼痛的临床疗效及对便秘和患者生活质量的改善情况。【方法】将200例癌性疼痛患者按入院顺序随机分为治疗组和对照组各100例。对照组给予盐酸羟考酮控释片口服治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用阳和汤加减治疗,2组均以21 d为1个周期,共观察1个周期。治疗前后进行疼痛评价,同时观察患者便秘及生活质量的改善情况。【结果】（1）在止痛效果方面,治疗组总有效率为95．0%,对照组为81．0%;治疗组的止痛效果优于对照组(P<0．05)。（2）在便秘改善情况方面,治疗组有92例出现便秘,其中88例有不同程度缓解,便秘改善有效率为95．7%;对照组有91例患者出现便秘,均不能自行缓解;治疗组对便秘的改善作用优于对照组（P<0．05）。（3）在生活质量改善方面,治疗组总有效率为89．0%,对照组为71．0%,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0．05)。（4）在不良反应方面,2组各有2例患者出现药物引起的肝功能轻度损害,经对症处理后均消失。【结论】阳和汤加减联合西医止痛药治疗癌性疼痛具有很好的减毒增效作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.