N1-(芳)烷氧酰基烷酰基-5-氟尿嘧啶的合成

目的合成有适当脂溶性的N1-(芳)烷氧酰基取代的5-氟尿嘧啶衍生物。方法将5-氟尿嘧啶用六甲基二硅烷胺进行硅醚化,然后再与不同的二酸单苄酯酰氯反应,得目标物(Ⅰ);(Ⅰ)经氢化脱苄,得目标物(Ⅱ);随后与卤代烃发生酯化反应,得目标物(Ⅲ)。结果合成了12个5-氟尿嘧啶衍生物。结论合成的12个5-氟尿嘧啶衍生物经^1H-NMR、IR、MS所确证为实验的设计产物。     

毛地钱和多形带叶苔化学成分研究

目的 研究毛地钱(Dumortiera hirsute)和多形带叶苔(Pallavicinia ambigua)的化学成分.方法 利用硅胶、凝胶等色谱技术分离纯化化学成分,通过理化性质和波谱数据确证其结构.结果 从毛地钱和多形带叶苔中共分离获得5个化合物,包括2个莽草酸衍生物:莽草酸乙酯(Ⅰ)和3,4-O-异亚丙基莽草酸(Ⅱ);1个黄酮类化合物:木犀草素(Ⅲ);2个木质素类衍生物:3-羧基-6,7-二羟基-1-(3‘,4‘-二羟基苯)-萘(Ⅳ)和3-羧基-6,7-二羟基-1-(3‘,4‘-二羟基苯)-萘-9,5“-O-莽草酸酯(Ⅴ).结论 化合物Ⅰ为新天然产物,化合物Ⅱ为分离过程中的人工产物,化合物Ⅳ和Ⅴ为首次从带叶苔科植物中分离得到.     

北青龙衣中萘醌类衍生物的细胞毒活性研究

目的 研究北青龙衣中萘醌类衍生物的细胞毒活性。方法 利用MTT法测定从北青龙衣中分离得到的12个萘醌类衍生物对SMMC7721人肝癌细胞和MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞的细胞毒活性。结果 12个萘醌类衍生物中,4-羟基萘-1-O-b-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9),1,4,8-三羟基萘-1-O-b-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)和1,4,8-三羟基萘-1-O-b-D-[6’-O-(3’’,4’’,5’’-三羟基苯甲酰)]吡喃葡萄糖苷(11)对SMMC7721人肝癌细胞显示不同程度的抑制作用,仅11对MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞显示较强的细胞毒作用。结论 北青龙衣中萘醌类衍生物在其抗肿瘤活性中可能起重要作用。     

北青龙衣细胞毒活性部位中的萘酚苷

目的 研究北青龙衣细胞毒活性部位中的化学成分。方法 利用MTT法测定北青龙衣醇提取物经大孔树脂柱色谱得到的4个组分对胃癌细胞BGC803的细胞毒作用,对其中活性最强的30%乙醇洗脱部位经硅胶柱色谱和反相硅胶柱色谱进行化学成分的分离。结果 得到4个萘酚苷类化合物并经核磁共振谱确定了它们的结构,分别为1,4,5-三羟基萘-1,4-二-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1),1,4,5-三羟基萘-1,5-二-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2), 1,4,8-三羟基萘-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),1,4,8-三羟基萘-1-O-β-D-[6′-O-(3″,4″,5″-三羟基苯甲酰)] 吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)。结论 北青龙衣细胞毒活性部位中含有萘酚苷类化合物,可能在其抗肿瘤活性中起重要作用。     

达泊西汀关键中间体的合成

目的:用价廉易得的原料,简便的路线合成3-(1-萘氧基)-1-苯基丙醇——用于合成达泊西汀(有可能用于临床治疗早泄的药物)的一种中间体.方法:以α-萘酚和二溴乙烷为起始原料合成1-(2-溴乙氧基)萘,然后制成格式试剂,再经加成和酸化水解反应得到3-(1-萘氧基)-1-苯基丙醇.结果:合成得到达泊西汀的关键中间体3-(1-萘氧基)-1-苯基丙醇.结论:该方法提供了一条合成达泊西汀的新路线,对简化操作具有重要意义.     

新型杂化介孔硅胶色谱固定相的制备及应用

采用1,2-二（三乙氧基硅基）乙烷和胺丙基三乙氧基硅烷为双硅源,阳离子表面活性剂十八烷基三甲基氯化铵（C₁₈ TAC）为模板,在碱性条件下成功制备了一种新型胺丙基杂化介孔硅胶（APMO）。经粉末X-射线衍射法、傅里叶-红外光谱法和扫描电子显微镜等表征方法证明,APMO具有良好的单分散性微球形貌、有序介孔、比表面积大等优点,并将该介孔材料直接用作色谱固定相并进行色谱性能分析。结果表明,APMO自制柱通透性良好,能够有效分离3种多环芳香族化合物,在快速分离分析方面具有一定的优势。     

6-取代嘌呤非环核苷膦酸双L-氨基酸酯类抗HBV前药的合成

目的:合成具有较强抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)活性与较高口服吸收性的非环核苷膦酸双L-氨基酸酯衍生物(8a-d)。方法:以2-氯乙醇为原料,通过与多聚甲醛-氯化氢作用形成2-氯乙基-氯甲基醚,后者与亚磷酸三乙酯缩合形成2-氯乙氧甲基膦酸二乙酯,再与2-氨基-6-氯嘌呤缩合得到2-氨基-6-氯-9-[2-(二乙氧基膦酰甲氧基)乙基]嘌呤,所得产物分别与环丙胺或4-甲氧基苯硫酚缩合得到2-氨基-6-环丙胺基/(4-甲氧苯硫基)-9-[2-(二乙氧基膦酰甲氧基)乙基]嘌呤,再经三甲基溴硅烷脱去膦乙酯,得到6-取代嘌呤非环核苷膦酸,后者与N Boc L-氨基酸溴酯缩合,并经乙酰氯/甲醇体系脱去保护基得到目标化合物(8a-d)。结果:合成的化合物及中间体经核磁共振氢谱与质谱进行了结构鉴定,表明结构与目标产物一致。结论:该合成方法具有较好的实用性,能用于非环核苷膦酸双L-氨基酸酯衍生物的制备。     

阿维菌素B_(1a)衍生物合成研究

目的高效率合成几种阿维菌素B_(1a)衍生物。方法通过5-O-三苯硅基阿维菌素B_(1a)与羧酸在4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)等存在下发生酯化反应合成得到数种目标衍生物。结果反应以较好的收率得到3种阿维菌素B_(1a)衍生物。结论生物活性试验结果表明,这些不同取代基团对化合物的杀虫活性有不同的影响,其中部分化合物具有较好的杀虫、杀螨活性。     

阿昔洛韦琥珀酰亚胺活性酯的制备研究

目的 合成阿昔洛韦琥珀酰亚胺活性酯.方法 以阿昔洛韦为起始原料,在二甲基甲酰铵(DMF)为溶媒及三乙胺的碱性条件下,与丁二酸酐反应生成阿昔洛韦衍生物9-(2-丁二酸单酰乙氧基甲基)鸟嘌呤(SACV),再与N-羟基琥珀酸亚胺在N,N-二环己基碳化亚胺的存在条件下合成阿昔洛韦琥珀酰亚胺活性酯.结果 与结论合成产物产率为79.1%,mp为125～126 ℃,其结构经IR和NMR确证,所得化合物为一新化合物.     

肌苷衍生物的碱基核糖化研究

目的研究N1-核糖肌苷衍生物的合成反应。方法用丙叉保护肌苷2′,3′-OH,单甲氧基三苯甲基保护5′-OH,在碳酸钾、18-冠醚-6作用下与2,3,5-O-三苄基-1-溴代核糖反应。结果反应得到N1-核糖肌苷衍生物。结论用酰基做保护基易发生酰基重排反应,改用丙叉保护肌苷2′,3′-OH,再用单甲氧基三苯甲基保护5′-OH与2,3,5-O-三苄基-1-溴代核糖在碳酸钾18-冠醚-6作用下得到目的物N1-(2,3,5-O-三苄基-D-核糖)-2′,3′-O-异亚丙基-5′-O-单甲氧基三苯甲基肌苷。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.