早产儿宫外发育迟缓的高危因素及预防对策

目的:对宫外生长迟缓(EUGR)早产儿情况进行总结,分析相关因素,探讨预防对策。方法:回顾分析2004年6月-2010年6月236例早产儿在治愈出院时出现宫外生长迟缓[小于胎龄(small for gestational age,SGA)]者与未发生宫外生长迟缓[适/大于胎龄(appropriate for gestational age,AGA/large for gestational age,LGA)]者住院期间的临床资料,包括出生体重、胎龄、性别、住院时间、恢复至出生体重的时间、出院时体重与出院时纠正胎龄的关系、热量及蛋白质供给、合并症情况等。结果:EUGR发生率为64.83%(153/236例),出生体重及胎龄对早产儿早期的营养状况有影响,出院时EUGR组其出生体重及胎龄明显小于适于胎龄组(AGA,P>0.05)。EUGR组并发肺透明膜病、高胆红素血症、先天性心脏病、脑室内出血、贫血等与对照组比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);而氨基酸及脂肪乳的合理供给、并发喂养不耐受、动脉导管未闭、呼吸机辅助呼吸、感染、高血糖、坏死性小肠结肠炎、呼吸暂停,小于胎龄儿与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:出生体重、胎龄越低的极低出生体重儿往往由于并发症等原因更易导致热量供给不足,从而造成宫外发育迟缓。积极、适宜的静脉营养策略及综合治疗早产儿的并发症是预防发生EUGR的重要措施,对生存质量的提高意义重大。     

早产儿宫外生长迟缓的相关因素

目的 探讨早产儿宫外生长迟缓的相关因素.方法 回顾分析我院2009年1月至2011年6月出生的符合胎龄儿条件的142例早产儿在出院时出现宫外生长迟缓的临床资料,并对其相关因素进行探讨.结果 SGA、AGA2组早产儿住院天数、出院时营养状况以及恢复到出生体重时间的比较,SGA发生率为28.17%;2组早产儿热量、蛋白质供给在生后第3周有统计学意义,P＜0.05,但在第1周仅只有热量供给有统计学意义.结论 为进一步加强早产儿特别是危重早产儿EUGR防治,应当建立早期积极规范的营养支持.     

晚期早产儿血中氨基酸和酰基肉碱含量的差异分析

目的 研究晚期早产儿胎龄、出生体质量及营养支持方式与其血氨基酸和酰基肉碱含量的关系,为该阶段早产儿的营养管理提供针对性的指导。方法 选择2017年1月至2021年12月住院的202例晚期早产儿为研究对象,根据胎龄与出生体质量的关系分为适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age, AGA)组、小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age, SGA)组和大于胎龄儿(large for gestational age, LGA)组,根据采样当天的营养支持情况分为完全肠外营养(total parenteral nutrition, TPN)、部分肠外营养(partial parenteral nutrition, PPN)和完全肠内营养(total enteral nutrition, TEN),应用串联质谱技术检测其外周血中氨基酸和酰基肉碱的含量并进行比较。结果 AGA组、SGA组与LGA组间缬氨酸、亮氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、瓜氨酸、脯氨酸含量差异有统计学意义,其中LGA组的氨基酸含量普遍高于AGA组与SGA组。酰基肉碱含量在3组间...     

低出生体重早产儿宫外发育迟缓的相关因素分析

目的探讨胎龄≤32周低出生体重早产儿宫外发育迟缓（EUGR）发生率及其相关影响因素。方法纳入126例胎龄≤32周低出生体重早产儿,记录胎龄（超声或出生时成熟度分析数据）、出生时体重、身长、头围、性别、是否低于胎龄儿、是否存在呼吸窘迫综合征、最大生理性体重减少率、恢复出生体重的天数、起始肠内喂养时间、完全肠内喂养时间（每天奶量〉100 ml/kg·d）,37～42周时测定早产儿体重、身长、头围,以体重、身长和头围计,分析EUGR发生率、其危险因素以及适于胎龄儿（AGA）和低于胎龄儿（SGA）EUGR发生率。结果 EUGR组胎龄、出生体重、出生身长、出生头围均低于非EUGR组（均P〈0.01）,而体重下降率（%）、恢复出生体重时间、起始肠内喂养时间以及完全肠内喂养时间均大于非EUGR组（均P〈0.01）,SGA比例明显大于非EUGR组（均P〈0.05）。以体重、身长、头围计,所有新生儿EUGR发生率分别为47.6%、39.7%和4.8%。总体上SGA宫外发育迟缓率明显高于AGA（均P〈0.01）。胎龄、恢复出生体重时间、完全肠内喂养时间与EUGR发生密切相关。结论胎龄、宫内发育迟缓、营养摄入差及呼吸窘迫综合症仍是胎龄≤32周早产儿EUGR发生的危险因素。     

早产小于胎龄儿的临床特点分析

目的 探讨早产小于胎龄儿（small for gestational age,SGA）发生的相关围生期因素及新生儿期发病特点。方法 选取2018年1—12月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院新生儿病房以及解放军总医院第七医学中心新生儿病房收治的早产SGA作为SGA组，按胎龄分层1∶1随机抽取住院早产儿中同期入院、同胎龄适于胎龄儿（appropriate for gestational age,AGA）作为对照组。回顾性分析两组早产儿的基本情况、围生期因素、患病情况，并采取多因素logistic回归分析早产SGA发生的危险因素。结果 共收治新生儿7268例，其中早产儿2828例，早产SGA 325例，早产SGA发生率为11.49%。排除严重畸形、遗传代谢病、生后24h后入院以及病例资料不完整早产SGA 54例，最终SGA组和AGA组各纳入271例。与AGA组相比，SGA组早产儿的出生体重更低，女性比例、剖宫产率更高，住院时间更长，差异均有显著性（P<0.05）。在围生期因素方面，与AGA组比较，SGA组产前应用地塞米松、多胎妊娠、不良孕产史、妊娠期高血压疾病、胎盘异常、脐带异常及宫内窘迫...     

极低出生体重儿发育迟缓的相关因素探讨

目的:探讨极低出生体重儿在宫外生长过程中发生发育迟缓的比率和影响因素。方法:从极低出生体重儿中选出181例胎龄<32周的早产儿,记录其胎龄、出生体重、身长、头围、性别、恢复出生体重时间、首次肠内营养供给时间、首次完全肠内营养供给时间。同时在其生长到37~42周时测量患儿的体重、身长、头围,研究宫外发育迟缓几率和各类危险因素,并同时研究适于胎龄儿和小于胎龄儿宫外发育迟缓发生几率。结果:发育迟缓的患儿胎龄、出生时的体重、身长以及头围均明显低于发育正常新生儿,同时其恢复出生体重时间、首次肠内营养供给时间、首次完全肠内营养供给时间均大于正常发育新生儿,且小于胎龄儿发育迟缓发生几率明显高于适于胎龄儿。结论:极低出生体重儿发育迟缓的影响因素包括胎龄、营养摄入时间等。     

小于胎龄儿母婴血浆中甜菜碱的水平及其与孕妇糖代谢的关系

目的 探讨小于胎龄儿母婴血浆中甜菜碱的水平及其对糖代谢的影响。方法 以15例小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age, SGA)及24例适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age, AGA)的孕妇及新生儿为研究对象;采用液相质谱方法,检测两组孕妇外周血血浆及脐血血浆中的代谢物,发现两组血浆甜菜碱水平比较差异有统计学意义,同时进一步分析孕妇血浆甜菜碱水平与空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR的相关性,以及脐血甜菜碱水平与新生儿体重的相关性。结果 SGA组脐血甜菜碱水平明显高于AGA组(P＝0.019),SGA组孕妇外周血甜菜碱水平较AGA组有升高趋势(P＝0.094),脐血甜菜碱水平与新生儿出生体重呈明显负相关(r=-0.410,P=0.018)。孕妇孕晚期外周血甜菜碱水平与空腹胰岛素水平、HOMA-IR指数均呈明显负相关(r=-0.465, P=0.004;r=-0.548, P=0.000)。结论 SGA组孕妇母婴甜菜碱水平均高于AGA组,脐血甜菜碱水平与出生体重呈负相关。     

极低出生体重儿生长状况及相关因素分析

目的 通过研究住院期间极低出生体重儿的营养摄入及生长情况,探讨对其生长可能存在影响的相关因素.方法 采用回顾性研究的方法,收集新生儿科住院并符合病例选择标准的极低出生体重儿的临床资料,对其生长情况及营养摄入状况进行分析.结果 入选对象182例,中位胎龄31.2周,中位出生体重1 312 g,肠内、肠外营养开始时间为(3.2±2.4)d和(3.0±1.7)d,总热卡达120 kcal/(kg·d),平均时间为(20.9±11.8)d;肠内热卡达100 kcal/(kg·d),平均时间为(21.6±10.3)d.出生时适于胎龄(AGA)者较小于胎龄(SGA)者的平均生长速率慢,出院时小于胎龄儿比例明显增加,出院时AGA早产儿生长迟缓的比例明显低于出生时SGA者.结论 住院期间大多数极低出生体重儿存在生长发育迟缓,更合理的肠内、肠外营养支持方案对极低出生体重儿的生长状况及远期预后有积极的意义.     

瘦素与胎儿生长受限关系的观察

目的 探讨母血瘦素浓度与胎儿生长受限(fetal growth restriction,FGR)的关系.方法 用放射免疫方法测定分娩小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age,SGA)、适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age,AGA)的132例正常孕妇及110例子痫前期孕妇血清瘦素水平.结果 分娩SGA的子痫前期患者血清瘦素水平明显高于分娩AGA的子痫前期患者及正常孕妇组;分娩SGA正常孕妇的瘦素水平明显高于分娩AGA的正常孕妇;子痫前期孕妇母血瘦素浓度与平均动脉压呈正相关,母血瘦素浓度与新生儿体重无明显的相关关系;正常孕妇母血瘦素水平与新生儿体重呈负相关关系.结论 母血瘦素水平反映了胎儿生长受限的程度.     

早产儿宫外生长迟缓的相关因素及预防对策

目的研究早产儿宫外生长迟缓的相关因素。方法选择我院2009年1月至2010年1月间存活出院的早产儿(出生体重儿<1500g),定期随访至12个月,给予生长发育监测,并对宫外生长迟缓相关因素进行分析。结果 123例早产儿以体重计生长迟缓(低于生长曲线第10百分位)的发生率:出生时为58.5%,出院时为80.5%,校正胎龄足月(37～42周)时为56.1%,3个月时39.2%,6～12个月时22.0%,宫外生长迟缓的危险因素包括出生低胎龄、宫内生长迟缓、生后反复感染、母亲合并妊娠高血压综合征、出院后营养强化。结论预防产前、生后危险因素,建立早期积极规范的营养支持,以促进早产儿生长发育。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.