组合皮瓣修复大面积软组织缺损

严重创伤造成大面积软组织缺损．深部组织．骨、关节外露或缺损,临床上并不少见,处理十分困难,常导致残废或截肢。如何有效地覆盖创面,最大限度地恢复肢体功能,减少残废或截肢率,是临床治疗的重要课题。自1994年以来,我院采用将二块带有各自血管蒂的游离皮瓣经血管蒂的串联吻合组合移植,治疗四肢大面积皮肤软组织缺损7例,疗效满意。现报告如下：     

游离皮瓣修复小腿大面积软组织缺损

我院于2000年5月～2003年12月，应用股前外侧皮瓣和胸脐皮瓣修复小腿大面积皮肤软组织缺损并深部组织外露11例，均获得成功，现报道如下。     

串联皮瓣修复肢体大面积软组织缺损

严重创伤造成肢体大面积软组织缺损,是临床治疗的一大难题。单一皮瓣移植往往难以满足修复面积的需要,部分外露创面用全厚皮片因术后不能加压包扎,或软组织缺损植皮不能存活等原因,引起创面感染最后导致肢体功能丧失,截肢率较高。2002年以来,我院应用2块不同形态或不同部位的皮     

足部软组织缺损的皮瓣修复

目的：总结采用各种皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损的经验。方法：根据足部创面的部位、范围和功能要求，自1998年10月至1999年12月，分别选择6种皮瓣修复28例33处足部软组织缺损。结果：33个皮瓣中31个皮瓣均完全成活，2个皮瓣远端发生部分坏死，经二次手术后完全修复。术后6个月－17个月随访，足部外形恢复良好，负重与行走功能正常。结论：采用皮瓣修复足部深度创面有助于足部外形和功能的恢复。     

上肢软组织缺损的皮瓣修复

目的 探讨应用皮瓣修复上肢软组织缺损的临床效果。方法总结1995年～2004年应用于上肢软组织修复的2512例患者、2609个皮瓣。其中应用传统皮瓣修复1992例(2089个皮瓣)，带蒂轴型皮瓣、肌皮瓣474例(474个)，游离皮瓣46例(46个)。就其手术疗效、各类皮瓣的优缺点和适应证进行分析。结果患者经1个月～9年随访，平均2．7个月。皮瓣完全成活2531个，占皮瓣总数的97．01％；完全坏死10个，占皮瓣总数的0．38％；部分坏死68个，占皮瓣总数的2．61％。传统皮瓣(2089个)术后有46个(2．2％)出现部分坏死；687个(32．9％)术后需行皮瓣去脂或整形。带蒂轴型皮瓣(474个)中有28个(5．9％)出现完全或部分坏死；82个(17．3％)术后需行整形或去脂。游离皮瓣(46个)中有4个(8．7％)出现完全或部分坏死，股前外侧皮瓣多数需行去脂术。结论传统皮瓣手术操作简便、成功率最高，但皮瓣质地差，需多次手术。带蒂皮瓣质地好、血管蒂恒定、移动范围广及手术操作相对简便，可行复合组织移植，但皮瓣成活率低于传统皮瓣，特别是逆行皮瓣的静脉回流是制约皮瓣成活的主要因素。游离皮瓣供区隐蔽，皮瓣质地好，外形与功能易于同时修复，但手术操作复杂，限制其应用。带血管蒂皮瓣是上肢组织缺损修复与功能重建的最佳方法。     

穿支皮瓣修复肢体软组织缺损的疗效观察

目的探讨肢体穿支皮瓣修复肢体皮肤软组织缺损的方法及疗效。方法 2002年6月-2009年12月收治肢体皮肤软组织缺损81例。男69例,女12例;年龄13～75岁,平均54岁。外伤创面35例,伤后至入院时间为1h～45d;肢体体表肿瘤切除术后缺损19例,烧伤后瘢痕切除术后缺损27例。部位:小腿及足部56例,前臂及手25例。缺损范围3cm×3cm～23cm×18cm。采用腓动脉穿支皮瓣26例,桡动脉穿支皮瓣18例,足底内侧动脉穿支皮瓣18例,旋股外侧动脉穿支皮瓣19例。皮瓣切取范围为4cm×3cm～25cm×18cm。供区直接拉拢缝合或植皮修复。结果术后3～7d4例皮瓣部分坏死,均经换药、植皮修复后愈合;其余皮瓣及植皮均完全成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。患者术后均获随访,随访时间1～16个月,平均9个月。皮瓣外形、质地、颜色与受区相匹配。肿瘤患者无复发。结论肢体穿支皮瓣手术操作简便,是修复肢体皮肤软组织缺损的有效方法之一。     

预制岛状皮瓣修复手足大面积软组织缺损

目的探讨修复手足大面积软组织缺损的方法及临床效果。方法彻底清创后,测量出软组织缺损面积,然后在腹部或小腿后部设计可供转移的岛状皮瓣,画出其正常范围,再根据缺损面积放大,皮瓣远端放大5～10cm;切取时,先解剖、游离皮瓣远2/3部分并彻底止血,在深筋膜下放置硅胶囊或乳胶手套阻隔,皮瓣原位缝合;1周后局麻下解剖皮瓣近1/3部分,放置阻隔物并原位缝合;2～3周后解剖蒂部并切取整块皮瓣转移至受区,供区游离植皮。结果临床应用12例,1例皮瓣远端约1cm皮肤坏死,换药后愈合,其余11例全部成活,创面得到了良好覆盖,保住了肢体。结论在手足大面积软组织缺损修复中,预制岛状皮瓣是一种实用、经济的好方法。     

足跟部软组织缺损的皮瓣修复

足跟部软组织缺损的皮瓣修复任健杨希宝雍江涛足跟部皮肤缺损跟骨外露，创面易感染而不易愈合，传统的交腿皮瓣转移，手术后需要将双下肢石膏固定在一起，病人十分不便。我院自１９８６年至１９９５年间应用显微外科技术，选用各种带血管蒂的轴型皮瓣修复跟部软组织缺损２...     

桥式交叉皮瓣修复小腿软组织缺损

缺损区周围缺乏可供吻合的血管时，如何采用游离皮瓣移植修复创面是一个比较棘手的问题。我们自2001—2004年用桥式交叉皮瓣治疗小腿大面积软组织缺损16例，报道如下。     

软组织缺损断指再植的皮瓣移植

为解决伴有软组织缺损的断指进行再植，自１９８９年１月～１９９３年１２月，应用１２处１０５块带蒂及游离皮瓣移植修复软组织缺损进行再植８６例，共１１２指。再植成活率９６，４％（１０８／１１２），皮瓣成活率９８．１％（１０３／１０５）。随访６～２４个月，按中野与玉井［１］断指再植的功能评价：优良率达８５．９％。结果表明：利用不同皮瓣一期修复断指再植时皮肤、神经、血管、肌腱能是大限度恢复再术后的外形及功能。     

软组织缺损断指再植的皮瓣移植

为解决伴有软组织缺损的断指进行再植，自１９８９年１月－１９９３年１２月，应用１２处１０５块带蒡及游离皮瓣移植修复软组织缺损进行再植８６例，共１１２指。再植成活率９６．４％，皮瓣成活率９８．１％。随访６－２４个月，按中野与玉井断指再植的功能评价：优良率达８５．９％。结果表明：利用不同皮瓣一期修复断指再植时皮肤、神经、血管、肌腱能最大限度恢复再术后的外形及功能。     

多种骨间后动脉皮瓣修复上肢软组织缺损

目的 总结多种骨间后动脉皮瓣修复上肢烧(创)伤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 2003年3月至2010年6月,对42例上肢烧(创)伤软组织缺损的患者,应用包括逆行皮瓣(复合组织瓣)、顺行皮瓣及游离皮瓣在内的多种骨间后动脉皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣面积为2.5 cm×2.0 cm～14.0 cm ×9.0 cm.供瓣区创面直接缝合或移植皮片修复.结果 应用传统型骨间后动脉逆行皮瓣修复11例,改良型骨间后动脉逆行皮瓣修复13例,骨间后动脉逆行肌腱复合瓣修复2例,骨间后动脉顺行皮瓣修复3例,骨间后动脉游离皮瓣修复7例,骨间后动脉桡背侧肌间隔穿支游离皮瓣修复6例.除了应用传统型骨间后动脉逆行皮瓣修复的病例中有1例发生皮瓣远端部分坏死,以及1例发生骨间后神经肌支损伤外,其余皮瓣术后均未发生血管危象,也未出现骨间后神经或其肌支损伤,皮瓣均顺利成活,切口均一期愈合.32例获得1～48个月的随访,皮瓣色泽、质地及厚薄较满意,供、受区外形和功能恢复也较满意.结论 骨间后动脉皮瓣血管解剖恒定,应用形式灵活多样,是修复上肢烧(创)伤软组织缺损的理想选择.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the therapeutic effect of multiple types of posterior interosseous artery flaps for repair of soft tissue defects in the upper extremities. Methods From March 2003 to June 2010, 42 cases with soft tissue defects in the upper limbs resulting from burn and traumatic injuries were treated using multiple types of posterior interosseous artery flaps, including retrograde flaps and composite flaps, antegrade flaps , and free flaps. Flap size ranged from 2.5 cm× 2.0 cm-14.0 cm×9.0 cm. The defects in the donor sites were closed directly or covered by skin graft. Results The conventional retrograde posterior interosseous artery flaps were used in 11 cases, the modified retrograde posterior interosseous artery flaps were used in 13 cases, the retrograde posterior interosseous artery composite flaps incorporating partial extensors were used in 2 cases, the antegrade posterior interosseous artery flaps were used in 3 cases, the free posterior interosseous artery flaps were used in 7 cases, and the free perforator flap based on the radiodorsal septocutaneous perforator of the posterior interosseous artery were used in 6 cases. Partial necrosis happened in one case at the distal portion of the flap. Muscular branch of the posterior interosseous nerve was injuried in one case with conventional reverse posterior interosseous artery flaps. All the other flaps survived uneventually with no complication. All wounds were primarily healed. 32 cases were followed up for 1 to 48 months with satisfactory aesthetic and functional results both in the donor sites and in the recipent areas. The color,texture and thickness of the flaps were satisfied as well. Conclusions The posterior interosseous artery flap has a constant vascular anatomy and a great flexibility, which is practical and suitable for repair of soft tissue defect in the upper extremities arising from burn and traumatic injury.     

指侧方动脉皮支血管链皮瓣修复手指末节软组织缺损

目的 总结应用指侧方动脉皮支血管链皮瓣修复手指末节软组织缺损的临床疗效.方法 2011年1月-2013年3月,对24例由各种原因导致的手指末节软组织缺损采用指侧方动脉皮支血管链皮瓣修复创面,清创后创面缺损面积为2.0 cm×3.0 cm～3.0 cm×4.0 cm,皮瓣面积为3.0 cm×4.0 cm～4.0 cm×5.0 cm.结果 21例皮瓣全部成活,1例皮瓣边缘浅表坏死,1例皮瓣远端部分坏死,经二期扩创植皮后伤口愈合,另1例术后3d出现静脉危象,立即拆除部分蒂部过紧的缝合线,经换药两周后二期愈合.结论 指侧方动脉皮支血管链皮瓣是修复手指末节软组织缺损较好的修复方法.     

足踝部大面积皮肤软组织缺损的修复

目的 探讨足踝部大面积皮肤软组织缺损的修复方法.方法 采用逆行排肠神经营养血管筋膜皮瓣、小腿内侧逆行岛状皮瓣及游离背阔肌皮瓣修复足踝部大面积皮肤软组织缺损28例.结果 术后28例中2例出现皮瓣远端坏死,2例皮瓣边缘部分坏死,经换药、抗感染和植皮后创面愈合,其余均成活,创面一期修复,骨、肌腱、钢板得以覆盖,成功率为92.9%.术后2年随访12例,根据Swanson等制定的周围神经损伤临床疗效评定方法评定,感觉恢复至S43例,S3 7例,S2 2例;足踝功能恢复较好,可负重,无慢性溃疡发生,排肠神经营养血管筋膜皮瓣及小腿内侧岛状皮瓣外形均比较满意,背阔肌皮瓣外形较为臃肿,分两次行修薄术后,外形基本满意.结论 根据缺损的部位及大小选用上述三种皮瓣来修复足踝部大面积皮肤软组织缺损,可获得良好的临床效果.     

指动脉岛状皮瓣在手指软组织缺损中的应用

目的探讨指动脉岛状皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损的疗效。方法2003年8月~2004年11月,我科应用指动脉岛状皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损25例,皮瓣面积(2.0~3.0)cm×(1.5~3.0)cm。结果25例皮瓣全部成活。手术时间60~90 m in,平均75 m in。术中出血量25~40 m l,平均32 m l。2例植皮面1/3面积坏死,换皮后愈合。23例随访6~18个月,平均13.5月,皮瓣色泽红润,质地正常,外形佳,皮瓣两点分辨觉为6.5~8.8 mm,平均7.5 mm,温、痛觉恢复良好,手指感觉运动功能均满意。结论指动脉岛状皮瓣手术操作简单,疗效满意,是修复手指软组织缺损的理想术式。     

Oncosurgical and reconstructive concepts in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas: a retrospective analysis

Background  Patients with soft tissue sarcomas are initially treated in community hospitals and in the private practice setting in the majority of cases. Thus, this disease entity is initially treated by surgeons with limited experience and expertise regarding the complex and demanding therapeutic regimen necessary to address this distinct group of malignancies. Methods  A retrospective analysis was conducted with a particular focus on factors affecting patient outcome, oncosurgical intervention, and plastic surgical reconstruction. Results  A total of 75 patients were included in the study. Only 66% of all patients presented with a primary tumor. The remaining 34% presented with either local recurrence or distant metastasis. The oncosurgical procedure most commonly performed was wide excision (69%). However, amputation was unavoidable in 7% of cases. Single-step reconstruction included primary closure (19%), skin grafting (19%), local fascio- or myocutaneous flap transfer (31%), as well as free flap transfer (31%). 17 patients (20%) have deceased due to their underlying disease. Yet another 10% are alive with evidence of residual tumor. Kaplan–Meier analysis displayed significant differences in overall survival rate depending on disease stage upon initial presentation. Conclusion  Based on our data favorable oncological outcomes with satisfactory functional results and limb preservation are achievable if oncological principles for resection are respected and reconstruction is performed according to plastic surgical principles.     

指侧方皮支血管链皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损

目的报道采用手指侧方皮支血管链皮瓣一期修复手指皮肤软组织缺损伴骨或肌腱外露的方法,并观察其临床疗效。方法对17例17指手指皮肤软组织缺损伴骨或肌腱外露者,应用指侧方皮支血管链皮瓣一期修复。皮瓣面积：1．5cm×1．5cm-3．1cm×3．6cm。结果17例皮瓣全部成活,术后随访6个月～1年,伤指外形与正常指相近,皮瓣弹性、色泽良好。指腹饱满而不臃肿．质地柔软,有排汗功能,两点辨别觉达5-9mm。结论指侧方皮支血管链皮瓣一期修复手指皮肤软组织缺损伴骨或肌腱外露．疗程短,效果好,是可靠、有效的治疗方法。此皮瓣具有手术操作简便、不损伤指固有动脉及神经等优点．是修复手指皮肤缺损较理想的方法。     

Consecutive flap transfer for repairing massive soft tissue defects in the opisthenar with improved donor site closure

Objective：To explore a surgical model of utilizing consecutive free scapular flap and adjacent pedicled flap transfer for repairing massive soft tissue defects on the dorsum of the hand while minimizing the donor site morbidity.Methods：Six patients with massive soft tissue injuries on the opisthenar and forearm were treated with free scapular flaps.Afterwards,a pedicled flap adjacent to the donor site was transferred to cover the donor site defect by direct closure.Results：All six free scapular flaps survived without signs of infection.Three adjacent pedicled flaps presented minor signs of insufficient blood flow on the distal apex,which resolved after six weeks with only conservative therapy.All the incisions healed without other complications.At six-month follow-up,the patients regained full shoulder function.Conclusion：With the assistance of an adjacent pedicled flap,the scapular flap is a highly applicable approach in repairing massive soft tissue defects in the opisthenar.It can achieve positive outcomes in both reconstructive and aesthetic aspects.