玻璃体积血合并视网膜裂孔或脱离的玻璃体切割手术疗效观察

目的:探讨玻璃体积血合并视网膜裂孔或脱离采用玻璃体切割手术治疗的疗效及必要性。 方法:对28例28眼玻璃体积血合并视网膜裂孔或脱离患者采用玻璃体切割手术治疗,观察治疗前后视力改变,并分析玻璃体积血与视网膜裂孔或脱离的关系。 结果:不同原因所导致的玻璃体积血28例中,7例术前B超未发现视网膜脱离,而在术中发现3例裂孔,4例伴裂孔周围浅脱;28例患者术后视力（包括术后随访最佳视力）均有不同程度的提高,数指/眼前以上者27例(96%),≥0.05者20例(71%),≥0.3者5例(18%),手术前后视力比较,具有统计学差异(P＜0.05)。 结论:玻璃体积血合并视网膜裂孔或脱离采用玻璃体切割手术治疗,安全有效,且能尽早发现视网膜裂孔及浅脱离,阻止视网膜脱离进一步扩大。     

玻璃体切割术中视网膜裂孔的处理

玻璃体切割术中视网膜裂孔的封闭是手术的关键步骤；裂孔封闭理想，手术成功率高，反之则较低。现将我们在玻璃体切割术中对视网膜裂孔处理的体会报告如下。     

玻璃体切割术治疗高度近视眼黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离疗效观察

目的探讨玻璃体切割术治疗黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效。方法对41例(42只眼)高度近视眼黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离,行玻璃体切割术联合眼内光凝黄斑裂孔、12?F8填充术,术后面向下体位两周。结果42只眼黄斑裂孔闭合,视网膜复位,随诊1~4年,2只眼术后因合并周边裂孔再次发生局限性视网膜脱离,给予巩膜外垫压、冷凝术封闭周边裂孔后视网膜平复。其中34只眼术后视力不同程度的提高,8只眼视力保持不变。结论玻璃体切割联合眼内光凝黄斑裂孔、12?F8填充术是治疗高度近视眼黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离安全有效的方法。     

玻璃体切割注气术与黄斑部加压术治疗黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的对比研究

目的 对玻璃体切割注气和黄斑部加压术治疗有玻璃体牵引的黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效进行对比分析。方法 有玻璃体牵引皱襞的黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离病例,３０眼接受黄斑裂孔冷凝、黄斑部硅胶海绵加压术;６５眼接受玻璃体切割注Ｃ３Ｆ８气体。随访６～２４ｍｏ,平均９．５ｍｏ。结果 治愈率前者为８６．６７％,后者为９０．７６％,后者高于前者,虽无显著差异,但术后视力的普遍改善程度则有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论 治疗     

玻璃体后脱离导致视网膜裂孔的临床分析

目的:探讨玻璃体后脱离所致视网膜裂孔诊断治疗时间对其预后的影响。方法:对1999/2003收治的92例(92眼)由玻璃体后脱离所致的视网膜裂孔进行临床分析。结果:在92例玻璃体后脱离引起视网膜裂孔的患者中,有39例视网膜裂孔发现及时,无视网膜脱离或仅有局限性的视网膜浅脱离,经光凝治疗后视力恢复到发病前水平;53眼明确诊断时间长,发生视网膜脱离,给予手术治疗,有些患者需多次手术,术后视力只有不同程度的恢复。结论:早期诊断、及时治疗视网膜裂孔是取得良好预后的关键。     

玻璃体切割联合注C3F8治疗复杂黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离

在严重增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变的复杂性黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离，采用玻璃体切割联合注Ｃ３Ｆ８取得了较好效果。本组３７例３４例手术治愈，治愈率９２％。随访３个月－４例复发，３例再手术治愈。     

视网膜血管疾患并发症的玻璃体切割手术

对７９例８３只眼视网膜血管性疾患合并玻璃体出血或牵拉性视网膜脱离患眼进行了扁平部玻璃体切割手术。术后视力改善及并发症与视网膜疾患的种类有关。视网膜血管炎、静脉阻塞患者的治疗效果较好，视力改善率分别达８７．２％、８３．３％。糠尿病视网膜病变术后视力改善率为６８％，并且出血、高眼压、虹膜红变和视网膜脱离等术后并发症发生率较高。     

玻璃体手术全气液交换治疗黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离

目的 探讨全气液交换与单注气不做全气液交换情况下的玻璃体切割联合注Ｃ３Ｆ８治疗黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的手术效果。方法 对７３例７５眼黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离玻切联合环扎及注Ｃ３Ｆ８的病例进行３月～２年随访,其中一组病人术中采用全气液交换（简称全气液交换组）,另一组病人采用高浓度单纯注Ｃ３Ｆ８（简称单注组）。结果 全气液交换组治愈率９０．６％,单注组治愈率６６．７％。二组术后视力均有提高,全气液交换组视力     

视网膜裂孔伴玻璃体积血的临床分析

目的探讨急性玻璃体后脱离致视网膜裂孔伴玻璃体积血的治疗方式及疗效。方法回顾性分析31眼视网膜裂孔合并玻璃体积血,早期予双眼包扎、半卧位、止血,出血3d后予活血化瘀、促进玻璃体积血吸收治疗。根据病情变化采用激光封闭裂孔及行20G三通道闭合式玻璃体切除术治疗。所有病例至少随访12个月。结果23眼玻璃体积血在1周～3个月,平均（32．95±12．61）d吸收,采用视网膜激光治疗,裂孔完全封闭,视力无明显变化。4周内,3眼发生孔源性视网膜脱离,行玻璃体切除术治疗,术后1眼矫正视力提高,2眼矫正视力无明显提高。5眼玻璃体积血无明显吸收,2～4周内采用玻璃体切除术,术后视力明显提高,矫正视力0．3—0．6。结论急性玻璃体后脱离引起的视网膜裂孔伴玻璃体积血应引起高度重视。早期诊断并发现裂孔、及时光凝封闭裂孔是获得良好结果的关键。尽早手术是争取较好疗效的重要保障。     

玻璃体视网膜显微手术中医源性视网膜裂孔

目的：探讨玻璃体视网膜显徽手术中发生医源性视网膜裂孔的原因和处理措施． 方法：回顾性分析本院1994年7月至1996年3月玻璃体视网膜显微手术中发生的医源性视网膜裂孔24眼(40个裂孔)的原因，位置和术中术后的处理情况。 结果：24只眼中增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreoretinopathy，PVR)16只眼，外伤性PVR 5只眼，牵拉性视网膜脱离3只眼。对新裂孔的处理采用巩膜冷凝、硅胶填压、眼内电凝、眼内填充和术后激光光凝．下方和手术嵴后医源性视网膜裂孔分别占70%和92%．平均随访5个月，视网膜完全复位和黄斑复位17只眼，视力改善19只眼，均在0.02以上．结论：医源性视网膜裂孔是一种严重的并发症，应在术中、术后采取措施促使其封闭． （中华眼底病杂志，1997，13：19-21）     

The incidence and the risk factors for iatrogenic retinal breaks during pars plana vitrectomy

Purpose

To establish the frequency and the risk factors for iatrogenic retinal breaks during three-port pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods

A total of 2471 PPV operations were included in the study. The study period was between 2001 and 2010, all the data were entered in an electronic patient record database. All 270 consecutive eyes of 270 patients developing iatrogenic retinal breaks during primary PPV were matched to 270 controls. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to establish the risk factors.

Results

The median age of the patients with iatrogenic breaks was 60.06 years; male to female ratio was 140/130. The overall frequency of iatrogenic retinal breaks was 10.09%. The frequency of iatrogenic retinal breaks for eyes undergoing PPV for tractional retinal detachment (TRD) was 32.45%. The lens status was phakic in 79.6% of the eyes, with iatrogenic breaks compared with 34.4% of the eyes in control group (P<0.001). Posterior vitreous was attached in 58.9% of the eyes with iatrogenic breaks compared with 50.4% of the eyes in control group (P=0.04). Internal limiting, epiretinal, proliferative, or fibrovascular membrane removing manoeuvers were performed in 71.1% of the eyes with iatrogenic breaks compared with 61.9% of the eyes in control group (P=0.052).

Conclusion

Eyes undergoing PPV for TRD had significantly higher frequency of iatrogenic retinal breaks compared with other subgroups (P=0.0001). Phakia and absence of PVD were found to be risk factors for iatrogenic retinal breaks.     

International multi-center study of iatrogenic retinal tears in pars plana vitrectomy

AIM: To study and compare the effect of different surgical settings on the development of iatrogenic retinal tears (IRT) in conventional (20-gauge) and microincisional vitrectomy. METHODS: An international retrospective comparative study of 394 patients who had simple vitrectomy at three tertiary centers. Surgeries were performed by four retina surgeons using different viewing systems. Two groups of eyes were compared: microincisional vitrectomy (327 eyes) and conventional (67 eyes) vitrectomy. An iatrogenic tear was defined as the occurrence of one or more peripheral retinal tears during surgery or at any visit in the first 6wk postoperatively. RESULTS: Mean age was 67±12y and 55% were female. Iatrogenic tears occurred in 11/394 (2.8%) of eyes. The rate of tears was similar among different surgeons and viewing systems (P=0.93 and P=0.76, respectively). Surgical indication, preexisting pseudophakia/aphakia, induction of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) during surgery, and the use triamcinolone acetonide didn’t significantly affect the rate of tears (P>0.1 for all factors). A higher rate of tears was found in the conventional group compared to the microincisional group (respectively, 7.5%, 1.8%, P=0.02). CONCLUSION: The rate of IRT in vitrectomy is not significantly affected by surgical indication, preexisting PVD or pseudophakia, or use of triamcinolone or different viewing systems but is significantly higher in conventional vitrectomy. Microincisional platforms improve the safety of vitrectomy regardless of the viewing system used.     

Comparison of scleral buckling with combined scleral buckling and pars plana vitrectomy in the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with unseen retinal breaks

Background: The purpose of the present paper was to compare the techniques of conventional scleral buckling and combined pars plana vitrectomy and scleral buckling procedures in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with unseen retinal breaks. Methods: Forty‐four consecutive eyes with uncomplicated, primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with a clear media and unseen retinal breaks were randomized to two groups. The scleral buckling group underwent 360° scleral buckling, cryopexy and external subretinal fluid drainage. In the combined surgery group, 360° scleral buckling, pars plana vitrectomy, air?fluid exchange, endolaser and injection of 14% perfluoropropane gas was done. Results: At 3 months follow up the primary reattachment rate was 80% (16/20 cases) in the combined surgery group, and 70% (14/20 cases) in the scleral buckling group (P = 0.716). The visual acuity improved significantly from a preoperative median of hand movement (HM; range: HM to 6/60; similar in both the groups), to a median of 6/60 (range: perception of light to 6/18) in the combined surgery group and a median of 6/36 (range: HM to 6/18) in the scleral buckling group, the difference between the two groups not being statistically significant (P = 0.4). The number of intraoperative and postoperative complications was more in the combined surgery group. (four cases were lost to follow up and were doing well when last examined.) Conclusion: Conventional scleral buckling was found to be a safe and effective technique in the primary management of uncomplicated, rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with unseen retinal breaks when the media is clear.     

23G高速玻璃体切除手术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的初步临床观察

目的:探讨23G高速玻璃体切除手术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的临床效果。方法:前瞻性选择2009-03/2009-10一组合并较明显玻璃体混浊、玻璃体视网膜粘连牵拉或合并玻璃体积血的孔源性视网膜脱离病例共20例20眼,应用23G玻璃体切除手术联合膨胀气体全氟丙烷(C3F8)填充。统计分析视网膜解剖复位率、术后3mo时最佳矫正视力、术中、术后并发症、手术时间及术后眼部刺激征的严重程度,术后平均随访6mo。结果:所有20眼均一次手术后视网膜完全复位。未发生器械损伤晶状体或医源性视网膜裂孔等术中并发症。15眼黄斑已脱离眼的术前最佳矫正视力为0.02～0.5(log-MAR视力为0.3～2.0,平均1.187±0.616),术后3mo时最佳矫正视力为0.3～0.8(logMAR视力为0.1～0.52,平均0.276±0.114),差异具有统计学意义(t=5.756,P<0.01);5眼黄斑未脱离眼的术前最佳矫正视力为0.8～1.0(logMAR视力为0～0.52,平均0.218±0.276),术后3mo时最佳矫正视力为0.6～1.0(logMAR视力为0～0.52,平均0.312±0.285),差异没有统计学意义(t=-1.0,P=0.374)。手术后未发生低眼压、脉络膜脱离或眼内炎等切口相关并发症,无增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)发生。3眼术后第1d出现轻度晶状体后囊下羽毛状混浊,1wk内消退。至随访结束时,4眼(20%)晶状体核密度增加,其余病例无新生白内障或原白内障明显加重。5眼(25%)术后一过性眼压升高,眼压均<30mmHg,经局部使用1～2种降眼压滴眼液,3d内恢复正常,平均术后第7d眼压为14.6±3.4mmHg。结论:23G玻璃体切除手术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离安全有效,缝合手术切口可避免并发症,是值得推广的技术。     

玻璃体切割术后视网膜脱离分析

目的 探讨玻璃体切割术后视网膜脱离的原因、特点、治疗方法。方法 回顾分析我科近年发生的１６例玻璃体切割术后视网膜脱离的特征及治疗过程。结果 发生率为６％,其中增生性糖尿病视网膜病变４例,非糖尿病性玻璃体混浊１２例,７５％于术后１周内出现视网膜脱离,６９％由医源性裂孔引起。二次手术治疗包括玻璃体切割、经巩膜视网膜冷冻、巩膜扣带、长效气体及硅油充填术。最终８１％视网膜复位、视力提高。结论 玻璃体切割术中应从各个环节防止视网膜的损伤,术后视网膜脱离经二次手术多数可以复位。     

The incidence and distribution of iatrogenic retinal tears in 20-gauge and 23-gauge vitrectomy

Purpose

The development of 23-gauge vitrectomy surgery has many benefits including a reduction in surgical time and faster postoperative rehabilitation; however, some have suggested that the complication rate is higher. To assess this we compared the incidence and distribution of iatrogenic retinal tears in 20- and 23-gauge surgery.

Methods

Fifty consecutive 23-gauge and 50 consecutive 20-gauge vitrectomy cases were selected; eyes with a history of previous vitreoretinal surgery were excluded. All surgery was performed by two surgeons (JL and RN). Entry-site breaks (ESB) were defined as any new vitreoretinal abnormality occurring within 1 clock hour of an entry site for which treatment with cryotherapy was deemed necessary. Data were collected by retrospective case note review. Statistical analysis was carried out using Fisher''s exact and χ²-tests.

Results

ESB occurred in 24% (12/50) of cases in the 20-gauge group compared with 8% (4/50) in the 23-gauge group (P=0.03); 88% (14/16) occurred superiorly on the same side as the surgeons'' dominant hand. Iatrogenic breaks recorded elsewhere indicated an increased incidence in the 20-gauge group (9/50 compared with 6/50 in 23-gauge) but this did not achieve significance; the most common position was at 6 o''clock.

Conclusions

23-Gauge vitrectomy is associated with significantly fewer ESB when compared with conventional 20-gauge vitrectomy. The incidence of other iatrogenic breaks did not appear to be significantly different between the two groups.     

Outcomes of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy for cytomegalovirus retinitis-related retinal detachment

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of 25-gauge (G) pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR)-related rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods:Single-center retrospective consecutive case series of patients who underwent 25-G PPV for CMVR-related RRD repair with a minimum follow-up of 3 months. Complete anatomic success was defined as the complete attachment of retina including the periphery. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of ≥20/400 was defined as functional success.Results:Sixteen eyes of 15 patients were included in the study. Eleven patients were human immunodeficiency virus positive, three patients had hematological malignancies, and one patient suffered from dyskeratosis congenita. The mean follow-up was 20.5 ± 17.4 months (range 3–60 months). Complete anatomical success was seen in 15 eyes (93.75%). One eye had a residual inferior detachment with attached macula. Silicone oil was used as tamponade in 15 eyes and C₃F₈ gas in one eye. The mean change in BCVA was statistically significant, preoperative LogMAR BCVA was 2.05 ± 0.94 while the final follow-up postoperative LogMAR BCVA was 1.03 ± 0.61 (P < 0.001). Thirteen eyes (81.25%) had final BCVA ≥20/400.Conclusion:Microincision vitrectomy surgery can achieve excellent retinal reattachment rates in post-CMVR RRDs without significant intraoperative and postoperative complications. The visual outcome varies depending on the status of the optic disc and macula. Majority of the patients maintained functional vision.     

Iatrogenic retinal breaks complicating pars plana vitrectomy

To determine the current incidence and outcome of iatrogenic retinal breaks occurring during pars plana vitrectomy, the authors reviewed 404 consecutive operations done on eyes without preexisting retinal breaks. Thirteen eyes had 14 iatrogenic peripheral retinal breaks. Three other eyes had both peripheral breaks and posterior breaks. Twenty-five eyes had 43 posterior breaks. The incidence of peripheral breaks was 4% and of posterior breaks was 6%. Patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy had a higher incidence of iatrogenic retinal breaks than those with other diagnoses. Peripheral breaks occurred most commonly just posterior to the site of insertion of the vitrectomy probe. Although six eyes required reoperation, 33 of 38 eyes had a successful anatomic outcome.