杏坛镇居民死亡原因与去死因寿命分析

目的探讨杏坛镇年居民死亡原因与去死因寿命分析情况。方法选取广东省佛山市顺德区杏坛镇2015年3月~2016年2月死因监测资料进行分析,观察杏坛镇居民年龄比、性别死亡率和杏坛镇居民主要疾病死亡状况。结果杏坛镇居民男性死亡率明显高于女性死亡率,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。主要疾病死亡状况中,循环系统死亡率最高,其次为肿瘤死亡率,其他依次为呼吸系统疾病死亡率、损伤和中毒死亡率、传染病死亡率,精神和行为障碍死亡率最低。杏坛镇居民常见恶性肿瘤死亡率中,肺癌死亡率最高,其次是肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌。男性中的主要去死因寿命损失顺位恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、心血管疾病、脑血管疾病、损伤和中毒、消化道疾病、内分泌系统疾病以及感染性疾病,女性中的主要去死因寿命损失顺位心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、脑血管疾病、损伤和中毒、内分泌系统疾病、消化道疾病和感染性疾病。结论掌握我镇的死亡疾病谱,能有效的预防疾病的流行趋势与发展,为我镇出台地方性的行政文件提供科学支撑。     

江苏省疾病监测初步报告(1981～1983)

本文报告我省疾病监测工作四年的结果,共发生15种传染病,纵观其发病动态,显示了计划免疫的六种传染病的发病率保持在低水平,已达到我省的控制指标。由于易感儿获得了免疫,发病率明显下降,相对地成人发病比例上升,改变了过去发病年龄分布的规律。居民死因以恶性肿瘤为首位,心脏病、脑血管病、呼吸系疾病依次为2、8、4位。传染病降至第7位。死亡率的年龄组以婴儿及老年较高,10～14岁最低,人口平均寿命男性70.95岁,女性75.92岁。提示要加强新生儿病的防治和加速恶性肿瘤、心血管病的防治研究。     

因子分析法在不同地区恶性肿瘤死亡率分析中的应用

目的:利用因子分析的方法,研究各种恶性肿瘤死亡率间内在联系及地区分布特点,探讨山东省某县不同恶性肿瘤死亡率间的共同影响因素。方法:对某县2000~2002年3年的全死因回顾调查资料中不同地区各恶性肿瘤标化死亡率进行因子分析。用主成分法提取因子进行方差最大正交旋转,计算因子负荷及主因子得分。结果:经方差最大正交旋转后的4个主因子特征根分别为2.518、1.942、1.528、1.465,累计贡献率为74.54%。其中在第1公因子上载荷较大的有胃癌、白血病、乳腺癌、鼻咽癌,该因子在该县北部地区F、G、H、P等4个乡镇得分较高;在第2公因子上载荷较大的有食管癌、结肠癌,该因子在该县东北地区E、H等2个乡镇得分较高;在第3公因子上载荷较大的是肺癌和膀胱癌,该因子在该县西部地区D、N、Q等3个乡镇得分较高;在第4公因子上载荷较大的有肝癌和宫颈癌,该因子在该县中部地区B、G、K等3个乡镇得分较高。结论:不同肿瘤死亡率可能存在共同的支配因子,可从各因子得分较高的地区入手,进行流行病学调查,以发现具体影响因素,采取相应的防治措施以降低肿瘤死亡率。     

江西省第3次死因回顾抽样调查结果分析

目的了解江西省第3次死因回顾调查地区居民死亡水平及分布特征,为制订疾病控制策略提供依据。方法回顾性收集和调查2个市6个县2004-2005年的所辖户籍人口中的所有死者,分析死亡情况。结果江西省第3次死因回顾调查地区2004-2005年居民粗死亡率为574.09/10万,标化死亡率为372.24/10万。死亡水平男性高于女性,城市高于农村。居民主要死亡原因为恶性肿瘤、脑血管病、呼吸系统疾病、心脏病和损伤与中毒。不同年龄段的主要死因各有特点。慢性非传染性疾病占全部死亡构成的85%。结论江西省第3次死因回顾调查地区居民死亡率低于全国平均水平;慢性非传染性疾病已经成为危害居民健康的重要公共卫生问题。     

2007-2013年宜川主要死因减寿分析

目的 :了解宜川居民主要死因特征、分布和对居民健康的危害程度,为恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病和心脏病的防治提供科学依据。方法 :采用2007-2013年死亡证调查资料,以死亡率、构成比、去死因寿命表等统计指标分析恶性肿瘤、心脑血管疾病对患者生命的影响。结果 :死因顺位前三位分别是恶性肿瘤、脑血管病和心脏病,分别占全死因的30.03%、20.08%和死17.71%;粗亡率分别为269.86/10万(标化死亡率为108.51/10万)、186.97/10万(标化死亡率为64.66/10万)和159.19/10万(标化死亡率为54.27/10万)。三大死因占全死因的68.54%。2007-2013年居民平均寿命为80.91岁,男性平均寿命为78.82岁,女性平均寿命为82.68岁。患者因恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病和心脏病死因减少寿命分别为3.57岁、2.29岁和1.94岁,对平均寿命造成的损失分别为4.41%、2.82%和2.39%。结论 :恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病和心脏病是社区的主要死因,死亡率随着年龄的增长而增加,对居民预期寿命损失较大。     

2012年郑州市居民死因监测结果分析

目的了解2012年郑州市居民死亡原因及数据为制定疾病预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法对郑州市2012年死因监测资料,利用国家死因数据清洗分析工具进行统计分析。结果2012年郑州市居民死亡率509．63／10万,标化死亡率378．22／10万,男性高于女性,前五位死因依次为心脏病、脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、伤害。慢性病占死因构成的86。49％。平均期望寿命为79．62岁,其中男性76．84岁,女性82．64岁。结论心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤等慢性病已成为危害郑州市居民的主要疾病,慢性病的防治工作应摆在疾病控制的主要位置。     

贵州省1989—1988年死因抽样调查资料分析

本文报告贵州省1986～1988年1/10人口死因抽样调查结果,抽取12县市共死亡74345人。总死亡率为6.63‰,与本省70年代相比.死亡率下降4.0‰;期望寿命男性增加4.9岁,女性增加8.9岁。前5位死因依次为呼吸系病、损伤和中毒、脑血管病、消化系病.恶性肿瘤。10年来传染病、新生儿病死亡率明显下降;脑心血管病、恶性肿瘤、损伤和中毒死亡率显著上升;说明70年代的常见病防治取得成效,但随死因谱的逐渐转变,今后要加强对前述高发疾病的防治;在农村,对传染病及新生儿病仍不能忽视。故建立有代表性的死因监测点实为必要。     

吸烟与肺癌

肺癌是目前一种常见的呼吸道系统恶性肿瘤。在本世纪初还是一种很少见的疾病。但近年来。世界各地均发现肺癌的发病率和死亡率都有显著增长。根据国际世界卫生组织(WHO)发表的1969、1970、1971三年世界卫生统计资料来看,24个国家肺癌占恶性肿瘤的第一位。55个国家肺癌死亡平均值是:男性36.31/10万,女性6.97/10万。死亡率最高为苏格兰。以美国为例,1930年为2,357人,1969年即增为59,000人,1930年—1976年期间,在男性肿瘤中肺癌由第五位猛增上升至第一位。前后均增长20倍。     

构建结构方程模型分析药品零差价政策实施前后慢性病住院患者负担因子载荷变化

目的:构建基层医疗机构慢性病住院患者负担的结构方程模型,分析药品零差价政策实施前后该类患者负担因子载荷变化。方法:在江苏省丹阳市内随机选取6家基层卫生院,收集药品零差价政策实施前后有关慢性病(高血压、糖尿病、支气管炎)的住院费用数据,以住院患者的药费、护理费、检查费、诊疗费为自变量,住院负担为潜变量,利用SPSS 19.0和AMOS 24.0软件进行模型构建。结果:药品零差价政策实施前后住院患者负担因子载荷变化明显;χ2=24.586,χ2/df=1.446,RMSEA=0.019,GFI=0.995,AGFI=0.989,CFI=0.988,NFI=0.963,模型拟合良好。药费的因子载荷上升较大,说明在药品零差价政策实施后,减轻了住院患者负担;检查费、诊疗费的因子载荷上升较明显,更能表征住院患者负担;护理费的因子载荷最低,在住院患者负担中影响最弱,政府应加强调控。结论:所建模型具有良好的信度,可以直观反映药品零差价政策实施前后住院患者负担因子载荷变化。     

男人,护卫"生命腺"

虽然10月28日是世界男性健康日,可男性却很难感受到节日的快乐——做个男人难,做个健康的男人更难。国内外大量的社会调查与医学统计显示,越来越多的疾病正快步向男性走来,并越来越严重地威胁到男性的身心健康:科学家经过研究和统计,认为一周中星期一成年男性承受的心理压力最大,最容易犯心脏病,从而更需要他人的关心。美国癌症学会最近发现50岁以上的男性患皮肤癌的可能性是女性的两倍,男性皮肤癌患者的死亡率也大大高于女性。有关统计数据表明,35岁以下的男性患高血压的风险远高于女性,每年全国约有100万男士发生心脏病,其中12%是44岁以下…     

兖州市2010年居民死因监测现况分析

目的了解2010年兖州市居民死亡报告基本情况,为制定兖州市健康防治策略提供基础资料。方法利用死因登记信息报告系统,建立Excel数据库,采用SPSS软件分析兖州市2010年居民死亡现况。结果 2010年1月1日零时～2010年12月31日24时兖州市共报告已审核死亡病例717例,总死亡率为113.33/10万,75～79岁年龄段报告死亡率最高,死亡率为17.23/10万;农、林、牧、渔、水利业生产人员伤病死亡率最高,占总死亡率的61.23%;前5位死因依次为循环系统疾病、肿瘤、损伤和中毒外部原因疾病、呼吸系统疾病、诊断不明疾病,且男女之间死因顺位差异无统计学意义(x2=0.241,P>0.05)。结论兖州市2010年老年人口死亡率占较高比例,慢性非传染性疾病是引起兖州市居民死亡的主要原因,应加强对慢性非传染性疾病的控制工作。     

Socio-economic factors and mortality among 25-64 year olds followed from 1991 to 1994: the New Zealand Census-Mortality Study

AIM: To measure the association of income, education, occupational class, small area socio-economic deprivation, car access and labour force status with mortality among 25-64 year old males and females using the 1991 census-cohort of the New Zealand Census-Mortality Study. METHODS: Mortality records for 1991-94 were anonymously and probabilistically linked to 1991 census records, thereby creating a cohort study of all New Zealand census respondents. Odds ratios of mortality comparing categories of each socio-economic factor were calculated using logistic regression. For income, education and deprivation (NZDep91) a modified relative index of inequality (RII(10:90)) was calculated. The RII(10:90) estimates the relative risk of mortality for low socio-economic people (10th percentile rank) compared to high socio-economic people (90 percentile rank) allowing direct comparisons across socio-economic factors. RESULTS: The relative risk of all-cause mortality for 25-64 year old males with an equivalised household income less than $20,000, compared to greater than $50,000, was 2.16 (95% confidence interval 1.99 to 2.34). For females, this relative risk was 1.68 (1.52 to 1.86). Using the RII(10:90) all-cause mortality was 2.22, 1.94 and 1.58 times greater among low compared to high socio-economic males for income, NZDep91 and education, respectively. For females, these RII(10:90) estimates were 1.77, 1.69 and 1.57, respectively. By cause of death, the strongest gradients were observed for respiratory diseases, followed by lung cancer, cardiovascular disease and unintentional injury. For suicide deaths, unemployed males and females had 2.70 (1.84 to 3.95) and 2.86 (1.19 to 6.85) greater rates than the employed. CONCLUSIONS: There are strong socio-economic gradients for all-cause mortality and most specific causes of mortality among both males and female adults in New Zealand, regardless of the choice of socio-economic factor. The gradients were strongest for income, followed by small area deprivation and education, and strongest for 'preventable' causes of death.     

广州市快速城市化农村地区慢性非传染性疾病现况调查

目的了解广州市快速城市化农村地区慢性病流行情况、危险因素及死亡率。方法分阶段分层整群随机抽样调查,抽取荔城地区800户居民,抽取比例为1.22%（800/65 763）,统计不同年龄组、性别人群慢性非传染性疾病（慢非病）患病率。结果共调查居民1680例,男性804例（47.9%）,女性876例（52.1%）。慢非病患病率为24.3%,前4种疾病分别为高血压、糖尿病、胃炎、冠心病,构成比为51.6%;〉15岁人群高血压患病率为13.61%（229/1680）;超重肥胖率为31.0%（521/1680）。高血压的危险因素为年龄、文化程度、家庭人均年收入、饮酒、腰围、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白。首位死因为心脏病,其次为脑血管病。结论高血压、糖尿病及心脑血管疾病等正成为本市慢非病领域重要的公共卫生问题,其中心脑血管病死亡率较高,应重点综合防治。     

MMPI Scales for Differentiating and Predicting Relapse in Alcoholics,Opiate Addicts,and Criminals

A group of patients (N = 1630) hospitalized in Stockholm County with a diagnosis of substance abuse during 1971-1972 were followed through 1984 as regards mortality: 446 (296 males and 150 females) patients died. The excess mortality in the cohort was 5.3 (males 5.8, females 4.6) compared to the general population in Stockholm County. The highest mortality was found in opiate users, with an excess mortality of 18.3. Fifty-one percent of the causes of death belonged to ICD-8 chapter 17, injury and poisoning, and of these, 69 % (155 patients) were definite or probable suicides. Since HIV entered the Stockholm drug addict population by the end of this follow-up, the excess mortality reported here can be even higher in the years to come. to follow and monitor the mortality among patients with substance abuse is an important aspect in the evaluation of programs for prevention and treatment.     

应用动态变化空间扫描技术分析2018—2021年广州市肺结核空间聚集性

目的分析2018—2021年广州市肺结核发病空间分布特征, 发现肺结核聚集性的重点区域, 为制定肺结核防控措施提供参考依据。方法通过《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》的子系统《结核病管理信息系统》收集2018—2021年现住址是广州市的肺结核患者信息, 以区级为尺度进行动态空间扫描并绘制空间分布地图, 分析肺结核发病的空间聚集性。结果 2018—2021年广州市共登记肺结核34 306例, 年均发病率为46.46/10万, 男22 891例, 女11 415例, 男女构成比是2.01∶1, 25～<35岁年龄段的青壮年群体占比最高为23.06%(7 910/34 306), 家务及待业职业占比最高为45.77%(15 701/34 306), 本地户籍与流动人口构成比是1.03∶1。肺结核聚集性区域主要为越秀、海珠、荔湾、天河等中心城区以及白云、黄埔等近郊城区, 而随着时间发展, 聚集性区域向增城、从化等广州远郊区延伸。结论 2018—2021年广州市肺结核发病在区级水平上呈现空间聚集性, 以中心城区及近郊区为主, 有向远郊区扩散趋势, 应加强重点区域的监测, 开展科学、客观、可行的肺...     

Mortality due to snakebite envenomation in Costa Rica (1993-2006)

The mortality due to snakebite envenomation in Costa Rica for the period 1993-2006 was investigated by a retrospective analysis. There were 48 fatalities due to snakebites during this period. Mortality rates ranged from 0.02 per 100,000 population in 2006 to 0.19 per 100,000 population in 1993. Case fatality rates in the period 1993-2000 ranged between 0.18% (2000) and 1.15% (1993). The highest numbers of fatal cases occurred in the provinces of Puntarenas and Limón, in low-land humid regions where the species Bothrops asper ('terciopelo') is distributed and agricultural activities predominate. The most affected age groups were those of 20-29, 40-49 and 50-59 years, and fatal cases predominated in males over females by a ratio of 5:1.     

Bladder and liver tumorigenesis induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene in different F1 mouse hybrids: variation within genotypes and effects of using more than one genotype on risk assessment.

Several F1 mouse hybrids were used in a chronic bioassay to determine whether such an experimental design would provide greater statistical power than using only the B6C3F1 hybrid. For this purpose, the dose response of formation of hepatocellular and bladder tumors after 30 mo of feeding 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in the diet was assessed in 4 F1 mouse hybrids, including the B6C3F1 hybrid. No strain background-related differences in frequency of bladder neoplasms between any F1 hybrids were detected. Bladder tumors occurred only at the highest 2-AAF dose in female mice. In males the lowest dose was already sufficient to induce bladder neoplasms with incidences of 25-48% adjusted for different nontumor mortality patterns across doses. No marked strain-related differences in hepatocellular tumor rates were apparent in either sex. Higher frequencies of hepatocellular neoplasms were observed among the untreated control males of the B6C3, AY, and CVA F1 hybrids than among the comparable females. Among treated mice, the lowest 2-AAF dose increased liver tumor incidence, more so among the females than among the males. The different background genomes resulted in somewhat different risk assessments for liver tumor formation in males due to differences in the time-to-tumor curves. Except for the much higher background liver tumor rate in the CVY mice, the adjusted liver tumor incidences were similar across the four hybrids. Hence, the levels of statistical significance obtained for dose-response trends and comparisons of treated and control groups were similar using 48 animals per dose groups with B6C3 mice, or combinations of 24 animals per dose from 2 genotypes, or 12 animals per dose from the 4 hybrid genotypes. Estimates of carcinogenic potency for bladder tumors were similar, within a factor of two, across the four hybrids. However, estimates of liver tumor potency across genotypes varied by a factor of two and six for females and males, respectively. Thus, the mean of cancer potency estimates across these genotypes would be more representative for mice than results from any single genotype. As in chronic carcinogenesis studies with other test agents, neoplasms developed in only a certain proportion, rather than in all, of the genetically identical animals exposed to a given dose of the toxicant for the same length of time under the same controlled environmental conditions. This phenotypic variability in toxic responses may reflect differential regulation of gene expression among the genetically identical test animals.     

山西省各地区人口平均寿命和死亡水平分析

目的分析山西省各地区人群死亡率水平和人口期望寿命。方法以山西省第5次人口普查资料为基础,采用SAS8.2软件编制简略寿命表;以各个年龄段的死亡概率为变量,用SPSS11.5软件对各区进行聚类分析。结果2000年山西省人口平均寿命已达72.67岁,男性70.95岁,女性74.61岁,高于全国平均水平。经聚类分析阳泉市、吕梁市、晋城市、长治市、朔州市、晋中市聚成一组,其平均寿命为71.52岁,婴儿死亡率为19.23‰;运城市、临汾市、忻州市、大同市聚为第二组,其平均寿命为72.95岁,婴儿死亡率为16.41‰;太原单独聚成一组,其平均寿命为77.05岁,婴儿死亡率为5.86‰。全省标化死亡率为5.75‰,标化死亡率最低为太原市4.11‰,最高为晋城市6.87‰。结论由于受地理环境和社会经济等诸多因素的影响,山西省各地区平均寿命及死亡率水平存在一定差异。     

2015—2017年广州中医药大学顺德医院病原菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的 了解广州中医药大学顺德医院病原菌的分布及耐药性,为临床治疗提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月-2017年12月广州中医药大学顺德医院的病原菌分布及耐药性。结果 共分离病原菌14 780株,其中革兰阴性菌8 426株,构成比为57.01%,主要为大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌;革兰阳性菌5 137株,占34.76%,主要为金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌;真菌1 207株,占8.17%,主要为白假丝酵母。病原菌分离数量居前3位的科室分别为肿瘤内科、ICU和消化内科;标本主要来自痰液11 253株,占76.14%,来自伤口分泌物1763株,占11.93%,来自尿液1 524株,占10.31%;大肠埃希菌对阿米卡星、亚胺培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦及左氧氟沙星较敏感。鲍曼不动杆菌对被检抗菌药物的耐药性均处于较高水平,肺炎克雷伯菌对庆大霉素和左氧氟沙星较敏感,对其余抗菌药物的耐药性均在30%以上。铜绿假单胞菌对头孢西丁、头孢噻肟、复方新诺明及阿莫西林/棒酸具有超高耐药性;真菌对万古霉素有高敏感性,但普遍对红霉素、青霉素、克林霉素耐药严重。结论 应定期统计分析广州中医药大学顺德医院病原菌的耐药情况,为医生合理使用抗菌药物提供依据,同时应加强监管,降低细菌耐药性。     

Parental bonding and patterns of drug use amongst Greek youth

This project attempted to identify patterns of drug use amongst youth of Greek descent and the parental relationships. The sample consisted of 112 subjects (69 females, 43 males). The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) was administered, together with a multiple choice questionnaire attempting to assess levels of drug use for 11 drug categories. The findings revealed that subjects viewed their parents as more caring and protective than the general youth population. Overall, it was the constraining type of maternal and paternal bonding (high care, high protection) that yielded the lowest levels of drug use for both sexes, and the paternal neglecting type for females (low care, low protection) that yielded the highest levels. Patterns of drug use between sexes were similar for similar types of maternal bonding; however, in the paternal neglecting type, females showed the highest levels of use while males the lowest. These findings lead to the conclusion that the relative constraining attitudes of Greek parents that may be seen as 'over-protective' in the Anglo-Australian culture might have led to insulation or resilience in the face of high availability and widespread use of drugs. When these conditions deteriorate the experimentation and misuse is a possibility for both sexes, especially for females who become more vulnerable.