北京市东城区乙型病毒性肝炎血清流行病学调查

目的了解和分析北京市东城区1～59岁人群乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)病毒感染情况及乙肝疫苗免疫情况;探讨东城区乙肝病毒感染的影响因素;为制定防治策略提供参考。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,抽取东城区3个调查点1～59岁常住人口共593人,进行血清流行病学调查。结果东城区1～59岁人群乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)标化阳性率为4.57%,乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)标化阳性率为26.03%;乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)标化阳性率为44.88%,乙肝疫苗接种率为57.84%;≤14岁人群HBsAg阳性率为1.05%,抗-HBc阳性率为2.46%;抗-HBs阳性率为62.23%;乙肝疫苗接种率为97.54%;影响乙肝HBsAg阳性率的3大主要因素为家族中有无乙肝携带者、是否接种乙肝疫苗、是否经常去洗浴场所修脚。结论东城区在实施乙肝疫苗计划免疫管理后,人群乙肝携带率明显下降。     

不同剂次重组乙型病毒性肝炎疫苗(汉逊酵母)加强免疫效果研究

目的 比较不同剂次重组乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(汉逊酵母)(HepB-HPY)加强免疫效果。 方法 选择出生时完成乙肝疫苗(HepB)基础免疫的5岁儿童1981例,采集血清,使用化学发光法检测乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)、乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc),对仅抗-HBs阳性者接种1剂次、抗-HBs阴性者接种3剂次10 g HepB-HPY,免后1月采血检测抗-HBs。 结果 加强免疫前、加强免疫1剂次和3剂次HepB-HPY后抗-HBs阳性率分别为38.62%、95.66%和99.75%,三者两两之间差异均有统计学意义(2=73.794~1736.113,均P0.05)。抗-HBs阴性者加强免疫1剂次和3剂次后抗-HBs阳转率分别为92.93%和99.67%,差异有统计学意义(2=77.582,P0.05);加强免疫1剂次、3剂次HepB-HPY后抗-HBs几何平均浓度(GMC)分别为783.23 mIU/ml和2463.97 mIU/ml,抗体滴度差异有统计学意义(t=-14.201, P0.05)。与免前抗体浓度水平1 mIU/ml的儿童相比,抗-HBs滴度在1~10 mIU/ml的儿童加强免疫1剂后抗体阳转率和GMC都要更高,差异有统计学意义(所有P0.05)。 结论 采用10 g HepB-HPY对5~8岁抗-HBs阴性儿童加强免疫1剂次、对9岁以上抗-HBs阴性儿童加强免疫3剂次,免疫效果良好。     

基因工程乙型病毒性肝炎疫苗基础免疫5~11年后抗体阴性儿童加强免疫效果分析

目的 评价浙江省儿童基因工程乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)疫苗基础免疫后5~11年抗体阴性者不同乙肝疫苗、不同针次加强免疫效果。 方法 2009年9月在浙江省台州市、丽水市、衢州市选择1周岁内完成全程接种乙肝疫苗的5岁以上儿童4407例,采集静脉血,使用化学发光法检测血清乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)、乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc),选择免前三项指标全阴者2164例,按0、1、6完成3针乙肝疫苗接种。第1、3针乙肝疫苗接种后间隔1个月采血,免后检测抗-HBs。 结果 通过对接种第1、3剂次乙肝疫苗后1个月检测抗-HBs,其抗体阳转率大于95%以上,不同疫苗接种3剂次与接种1剂次免疫效果差异有统计学意义。 结论 乙肝疫苗免疫策略实施以来,疫苗免疫效果良好,但抗-HBs阳性率存在随时间推移逐步下降的趋势,建议对5岁以上免疫儿童实施加强免疫会有较好的效果。     

不同程序接种重组(CHO)乙型病毒性肝炎疫苗免疫效果观察

目的 评价成人按不同免疫程序接种乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)疫苗的免疫效果。方法 在湖州市南浔区6个乡镇街道选择16~49岁成人,对自愿参加的人群采血2 ml,分离血清,使用ARCHITETi2000化学发光免疫分析仪采用化学发光法检测乙肝表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)、乙肝表面抗体(hepatitis B surface antibody,抗-HBs)和乙肝核心抗体(hepatitis B core antibody,抗-HBc),对HBsAg、抗-HBs和抗-HBc均为阴性者按乡镇(街道)分为A、B两组,其中A组按0,1,3月程序接种20 g重组(CHO)乙肝疫苗,B组按0,1,12月程序接种。对完成全程免疫的人群,第三针接种1个月后采血3 ml,分离血清检测抗-HBs。评价成人按不同免疫程序接种20 g重组(CHO)乙肝疫苗后抗-HBs的阳转率和抗体滴度水平。结果 共435人完成全程免疫并完成第三针后1个月采血;B组的抗-HBs阳转率和几何平均浓度(geometric mean concentration, GMC)分别为95.87%和893.53 mIU/ml;A组的抗-HBs阳性率和GMC分别为63.59%和31.99 mIU/ml;两组的抗-HBs阳性率差异有统计学意义(2=70.207,P0.001);两组抗-HBs GMC差异有统计学意义(F=89.609,P0.001)。结论 按0,1,12月程序接种乙肝疫苗可获得较好的免疫效果。     

不同剂量和程序的乙型病毒性肝炎疫苗免疫效果观察分析

目的 评价成年人接种乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)疫苗的免疫效果,探索安全、有效、适用的免疫程序,为制定免疫策略提供依据。 方法 选择绍兴县4个镇(街道),按照自愿原则分别选用10、20 μg乙肝疫苗和0-1-3、0-1-6免疫程序对成年人开展疫苗接种,接种完成1个月后定量检测抗乙肝病毒表面抗原抗体(Antibody to HBsAg,抗-HBs),对不同免疫程序接种后的抗-HBs阳性率、抗体滴度水平进行评价。 结果 共全程免疫940人,阳性率为97.13％,抗体浓度中位数为1218.70 mIU/ml。不同剂量、不同免疫程序接种后抗-HBs阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。免后抗-HBs阳性率与性别、年龄差异有统计学意义(P结论 成年人接种乙肝疫苗免疫效果较好。提示应推广成年人乙肝疫苗接种,进一步建立有效的全人群防御乙肝的免疫屏障,加快我国控制乙肝的进程。     

福州市平潭县乙型肝炎流行状况基线调查分析

目的 了解福州市平潭县乙型肝炎(乙肝)的实际发病情况,分析其流行因素,为进一步做好该县乙型肝炎的防治工作提供科学依据.方法 采用整群抽样法,以家庭为单位进行随机抽样,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测乙肝血清标志物,用EPIDATE 3.01建立数据库,并采用SPSS 11.0进行统计分析.结果 共调查465户1743人,乙肝病毒(HBV)感染检出率为61.3%.乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性率为16.9%,乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)阳性率为43.1%,乙肝e抗原(HBeAg)阳性率为5.6%,乙型肝炎e抗体(抗-Hbe)阳性率为14.4%,乙型肝炎核心抗体(抗-HBc)阳性率为52.2%.共有18种感染模式,以5项全阴模式居首位.从年龄组分布来看,HBsAg阳性率呈中间高、两头低的趋势,0～9岁组的HBsAg阳性率最低,为3.5%;以20～60岁阳性率较高,分别为22.4%、22.6%、21.8%、21.3%.乙肝疫苗免疫史对HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-Hbe、抗-HBc阳性率均有影响.有免疫史人群HBsAg阳性率、HBeAg阳性率、抗-Hbe阳性率、抗-HBc阳性率均低于无免疫史人群,抗-HBs阳性率则高于无免疫史人群,差异有统计学意义.HBsAg阳性率和HBeAg阳性率以商人为最高,抗-HBs阳性率商人最低.结论 成人是平潭县乙肝的主要感染者,该人群乙肝疫苗免疫预防接种率较低.除继续做好新生儿乙肝疫苗接种的同时,应广泛开展乙肝预防的宣传教育,对高危人群进行乙肝疫苗预防接种,降低乙肝发病率.     

60μg乙肝疫苗用于323例成人无应答者接种效果的观察

目的探讨成人乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)疫苗接种后无应答者的免疫对策。方法选择浙江省湖州市南浔区免疫无应答人群免疫前检测乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)和乙肝表面抗休(抗-HBs)均阴性的健康人群,按"0,1,3";"0,1,6";"0,1,12"程序完成3针20μg重组酵母乙肝疫苗免疫后检测乙肝抗-HBs几何抗体平均浓度(GMC)10IU/L的免疫失败者,接种1剂次60μg乙肝疫苗后1个月,检测抗-HBs。结果 323例免疫失败者完成再免后抗-HBs阳性率为92.6%,GMC为835 IU/L。结论成人乙肝疫苗接种后免疫失败者,通过加大乙肝疫苗剂量,再次接种1剂次60μg乙肝疫苗可大幅度提高抗-HBs阳转率,效果优于再次接种10μg或20μg乙肝疫苗。     

上海市新生儿乙肝疫苗持久性和加强免疫研究

新生儿乙肝血源疫苗全程接种后 5～ 9年抗 -HBs阳性率和滴度 (MIU/ml)明显下降 ,约75%抗 -HBs水平在保护性水平 ( <10MIU/ml)以下。但乙肝表面抗原HBsAg阳性率与免疫后一年比较无明显差异 ,仍有很好保护效果。应用 5μg乙肝基因疫苗加强免疫一剂 ,再免后一个月抗 -HBs阳性率和滴度 (MIU/ml)明显升高 ,分别提高 28.60 %和 2.90倍 ,对抗 -HBs <10MIU/ml的儿童加强免疫有较好免疫回忆反应。     

儿童乙型肝炎表面抗原及其抗体阳性率现状分析

目的 了解泾阳县幼儿园及中小学校儿童乙型肝炎(简称乙肝)疫苗免疫效果及乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)携带情况.方法 将受检儿童分组抽取静脉血采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测HBsAg、乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs).结果 1 283例儿童HBsAg阳性16例,阳性率1.24%;抗-HBs阳性550例,阳性率42.87%.幼儿组未检出HBsAg阳性,小学组和初中组儿童HBsAg阳性率分别为3.11%和1.29%;3组儿童抗-HBs阳性率分别为49.40%、41.61%和36.77%.结论 该县儿童HBsAg携带率较低,抗-HBs阳性率也相对较低,且随年龄增长逐年下降,提示对乙肝疫苗全程接种后必须及时检测抗-HBs的产生情况,应重视对接种过乙肝疫苗的儿童进行必要的加强免疫.     

15d至3岁婴幼儿乙肝疫苗接种后的免疫效应分析

【目的】探讨婴幼儿接种乙肝疫苗后的免疫效应。【方法】选取2008年1月至2012年1月来本院就诊体检的15天～3岁的婴幼儿4543名。将其中HBsAg、HbeAg、抗HBe及-HBc全阴性的4501名按年龄分为五组：15～30d的新生儿组1690名，1～6个月婴幼儿组652名，6～12个月婴幼儿组927名，1～2岁婴幼儿组680名及2～3岁幼儿组552名。按计划免疫接种三针后采用时间分辨荧光免疫技术对各组婴幼儿血清乙肝两对半做定量检测，并检测抗-HBs的水平，同时进行免疫效应分析。【结果】婴幼儿抗-HBs〈10mIu／mL的占19．53％，抗-HBs10～100mIU／mL的占28．95％，抗一HBs〉100mIU／mL的占51．52％。15d至3岁婴幼儿抗-HBs≤100mlU／mL的占48．48％。【结论】新生儿及婴幼儿按国家计划免疫接种乙肝疫苗后抗体在1～2岁时开始呈现下降趋势，2～3岁时处于较低水平，在第三针接种完后隔半年检查乙肝两对半的抗体水平，以便及时补种疫苗。     

普通人群接种病毒性乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果及安全性观察

目的 观察普通人群接种病毒性乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗后免疫效果及安全性。方法 选择16~49岁成年人3178人,接种10 g乙肝疫苗3剂,采集免疫前后2份血清,第1次采血与接种第1针疫苗同步进行,第2次采血在全程接种后1个月。运用化学发光法定量检测乙肝病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）、抗乙肝病毒表面抗体（抗-HBs）和抗乙肝病毒核心抗原抗体（抗-HBc）。结果 免疫前抗-HBs阴性者接种疫苗后阳转率97.68%,不同年龄组阳转率差异有统计学意义（2=17.28,P=0.001）;免疫前抗-HBs阴性者接种后抗-HBs几何平均浓度（GMC）为 1123.31 mIU/ml;免疫前抗-HBs阳性者接种疫苗前后GMC分别为 63.32 mIU/ml和 9415.59 mIU/ml,比较前后GMC差异有统计学意义（t=71.141,P=0.00）。结论 普通人群接种乙肝疫苗后,近期能取得良好的免疫效果,其长期效果有待进一步观察。     

信阳市病毒性乙型肝炎疫苗接种效果调查

目的了解河南省信阳市浉河区病毒性乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗纳入规划免疫后出生的儿童血清学状况,评价乙肝疫苗（HepB）接种效果。方法按照抽样方案要求,随机调查267名1~14儿童,并采集其血清进行乙肝病毒（HBV）表面抗原（HBsAg）、乙肝病毒表面抗体（抗-HBs）和乙肝病毒核心抗体（抗-HBc） 检测,对HBsAg阳性者再进行乙肝病毒e抗原(HBeAg)和乙肝病毒e抗体(抗-Hbe)的检测。结果信阳市浉河区1~14岁儿童HBsAg阳性率为2.25%,抗-HBs阳性率为89.14%,HBV感染率为28.84%,不同年龄组和性别差异均无统计学意义。结论信阳市浉河区通过14年HepB的接种,农村地区近90%的儿童产生了乙肝保护性抗体,可以有效阻断乙肝在儿童间的传播,但应提高新生儿HepB首针及时接种率,阻断母婴传播,降低乙肝感染率和流行率。     

The prevalence of hepatitis B serological markers in emergency physicians

Hepatitis B (HBV) is a well-documented, increasing occupational hazard to those in the medical and dental professions. While the prevalence of markers of hepatitis B in the general population in the United States is approximately 3% to 5%, the prevalence in the health professions has been found to be higher. The prevalence of markers in 260 emergency physicians, consisting of teaching and nonteaching staff and emergency medicine residents, was the focus of this study. Two hundred fourteen participants had not received hepatitis B vaccine; 46 had received the vaccine. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), surface antibody (anti-HBs) and core antibody (anti-HBc) were tested. The overall prevalence of markers in the nonvaccinated group was 11.7% (25/214). Forty-one of 46 participants (89%) who had received hepatitis B vaccine demonstrated anti-HBs, evidence of immunity to hepatitis B. Thirty-nine of them had anti-HBs alone, and two had anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Of the five vaccinees who failed to demonstrate anti-HBs, one demonstrated anti-HBc alone. There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in prevalence or type of markers. The prevalence of hepatitis B serological markers in this survey of emergency physicians was two and a half to four times that of the general population. Because of the increased risk of exposure to hepatitis B virus, early immunization against this disease through the use of hepatitis B vaccine should be considered by physicians in the practice of emergency medicine.     

四川省攀钢社区儿童病毒性乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果分析

目的评价社区儿童接种病毒性乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗(HepB)的免疫效果。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测儿童接种HepB后血清乙肝病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）、乙肝病毒表面抗体（抗-HBs）、乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)。结果儿童HepB首针（HepBsub1/sub)及时接种率、全程及时接种率及全程接种率均逐年上升。抗-HBs阳性率86.12%,HepB保护率91.74%。2006年随机抽检＜15岁儿童735人,与纳入计划免疫管理前的1991年相比,HBsAg阳性率1.09%,HBsAg阳性率下降了85.69%;抗-HBs、抗-HBc阳性率分别为65.71%、8.03%, 差异均有统计学意义（I/Isup2/sup=346.70、12.30,IP/I均0.01）;102名抗-HBs阴性儿童复种大剂量HepB后抗-HBs阳性率79.41%;加强免疫和未加强免疫儿童抗-HBs阳性率差异有统计学意义（I/Isup2/sup=15.61,IP/I＜0.01）。结论社区儿童接种HepB有很好的免疫效果,抗-HBs阴性儿童复种大剂量HepB能提高抗-HBs阳性率。     

Hepatitis B virus DNA-positive, hepatitis B surface antigen-negative blood donations intercepted by anti-hepatitis B core antigen testing: the Canadian Blood Services experience

BACKGROUND: The benefit of introducing anti-hepatitis B core antigen (HBc) screening for intercepting potentially infectious donations missed by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening in Canada was studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Anti-HBc testing of all donations was implemented in April 2005, along with antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA supplemental testing of anti-HBc repeat-reactive, HBsAg-negative donations. The proportion of potentially infectious donations intercepted by anti-HBc over the initial 18 months of testing was calculated based on three assumptions relating infectivity of HBV DNA-positive units to anti-HBs levels. Lookback was conducted for all DNA-positive donations. RESULTS: Of 493,344 donors, 5,585 (1.13%) were repeat-reactive for the presence of anti-HBc, with 29 (0.52%) being HBV DNA-positive and HBsAg-negative. The proportion of potentially infectious donations intercepted by anti-HBc screening was 1 in 17,800 if all HBV DNA-positive donations were infectious, 1 in 26,900 if infectivity was limited to donations with an anti-HBs level of not more than 100 mIU per mL, and 1 in 69,300 if only donations with undetectable anti-HBs were infectious. For 279 components in the lookback study, no traced recipients were HBsAg-positive and 7 recipients were anti-HBc-reactive in association with 4 donors, 3 of whom had an anti-HBs level of more than 100 mIU per mL and 1 of whom had a level of 61 mIU per mL. CONCLUSION: Implementation of anti-HBc screening reduced the risk of transfusing potentially infectious units by at least as much as had been expected based on the literature. The lookback did not provide proof of transfusion transmission of HBV from HBV DNA-positive, anti-HBc-reactive, HBsAg-negative donors but it did not establish lack of transmission either.     

浙江地区婴幼儿和学龄前儿童乙型肝炎病毒血清学标志物的检测与分布特征研究

目的 调查和分析浙江地区婴幼儿和学龄前儿童乙型肝炎(简称乙肝)病毒血清学模式及其与年龄、性别相关的分布特征,为当地儿童乙肝的预防与控制提供依据.方法 采用电化学发光技术在Roche e601免疫分析仪上检测乙肝病毒血清学标志物.应用实验室信息管理系统(LIS)将2006年7月至2010年3月期间所有乙肝病毒血清学检测结果导出为EXCEL数据文件,通过排除重复检测者、年龄＞7周岁和住址非浙江地区者,最终筛选出24 892名研究对象,男15 810名,女9082名.采用SPSS 13.0和EXCEL 2003对乙肝病毒血清学检测结果进行统计分析.结果 乙肝疫苗平均覆盖率在浙江地区15 413名男孩和8 840名女孩中分别为99.16%(15 413/15 543)和99.17%(8 840/8 914).所有24 892名7岁内儿童中检出乙肝病毒血清学模式17种,最主要模式为"单antiHBs(+)",占65.997%(16 179/24 892);其次为"阴性"、"anti-HBc(+)anti-HBs(+)"和"anti-HBe (+)anti-HBc(+)anti-HBs(+)",依次占18.231%(4 538/24 892)、9.911%(2 467/24 892)和4.395%(1 094/24 892);其他13种低频模式检出率为0.004%～0.992%."单anti-HBc(+)"和"anti-HBe(+)、anti-HBs(+)"两种模式在男女间的检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为7.143、8.123,P均＜0.01＝,其余15种模式性别间差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).共检出HBsAg阳性者94名,占0.38%.总anti-HBs阳性儿童19 899名,占79.94%,其中"单anti-HBs(+)"16 178名,占总anti-HBs阳性者的81.30%.单anti-HBs阳性率最高为＞1～2岁组(87.27%),最低为2 d～2周组(13.13%);16 178名儿童在3种抗体浓度组(10～100、＞100～1 000和＞1 000 mIU/ml)的比率依次为23.64%、27.66%和13.70%.总的anti-HBc(+)儿童有3 904名,占15.68%,阳性率最高为2～4周组(57.63%),最低为3～4岁组(3.46%).1 565名"阴性"模式儿童中,阴性率最低为9～12个月组(3.25%),最高为6～7岁组(36.21%).结论 本地区学龄前儿童中"单anti-HBs(+)"检出率最高,其抗体浓度多位于100～1 000 mIU/ml间;其次为"阴性"模式.HBsAg的检出率很低.乙肝模式检出率在本地区儿童男女间无差异,而与年龄相关.分析1岁内(主要为3个月内)儿童乙肝血清学模式应考虑母亲血清乙肝抗原抗体的影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the serological patterns of hepatitis B, understand the prevalence of hepatitis B infection in neonates, infants and preschool children based on hospital data in Zhejiang province and provide a basis for prevention and control of local pediatric hepatitis B infection. Methods Five serological markers were detected on electrochemiluminescence analyzer Roche E601. The results of all serological markers in children with hepatitis B from 2006 to 2010 were exported from laboratory information system and 24 892 (15 810 boys and 9 082 girls) cases were selected for further analysis according to the exclusion criterion including duplicate analysis, children older than 7 years and children living out of Zhejiang province. SPSS13.0 software and EXCEL 2003 were employed for statistical analysis in this study. Results Average HBV vaccination coverage rates among 15 413 boys and 8 840 girls were 99. 16%(98. 87% -99. 45%) and 99. 17% (98. 29% -99. 53%), respectively. Seventeen serological patterns of hepatitis B were observed, and "anti-HBs(+)alone"(64. 997%) was the dominant patterns followed by "negative" (18. 231%), "anti-HBc(+)anti-HBs(+)"(9.911%) and "anti-HBe(+)antiHBc(+) anti-HBs(+)"(4.395%), and the positive rates for other patters were 0. 004% -0. 992%. There were significant difference of detection rates for "anti-HBc(+)alone" and "anti-HBe(+)anti-HBs(+)"patterns between male and female (χ2=7.143,8.123, all P＜0.01), and there were no significant difference of detection rates for the other 15 patterns between male and female (all P ＞0.05). Ninety-four HBsAg positive cases were detected, accounting for 0.38%. Totally 19 899 anti-HBs positive cases were detected, accounting for 79.94%. Totally 16 187 cases were "anti-HBs(+) alone", accounting for 81.3%of the total anti-HBs(+) cases. The group of 1-2 years and 2 day-2 week had the highest and lowest rate for anti-HBs(+)alone respectively. The ratios in three groups with different anti-HBs levels (10-100 mIU/ml,100-1000 mIU/ml and ＞ 1000 mIU/ml) in 16 178 anti-HBs(+) children were 23. 64%, 27.66% and 13. 70%, respectively. Totally 3 904 cases with anti-HBc(+) were detected, accounting for 15.68%. The highest positivity rate and lowest positivity rate were in the group of 2-4 week and 3-4 week respectively. In total 1 565 cases with negative results, the lowest negativity rate and highest negativity rate were in the group of 9-12 month (3. 25%) and 6-7 age (36. 21%) respectively. Conclusions The dominant serological patterns of hepatitis B in local young children is "anti-HBs (+) alone" and most of the anti-HBs concentrations ranged from 100 to 1000 mIU/ml, followed by "negative". The total positive rate of HBsAg is mild. The rate of hepatitis B serological patterns in children is associated with ages but independent of gender. For interpretation of serological patterns of HBV in children below 12 months (especially in 3 months) the status of their mothers' HBV infection should also be taken into consideration.