肿瘤

024015血液肿摘患儿及其家长心理特点的对照研究/孟馥…//临床儿科杂志一2002,20(5)一295一297 用艾森克人格问卷、Achonbach儿童行为评定量表对57例年龄在6一11岁血液肿瘤患儿进行心理测试,用90项症状自评量表对57例患儿家长进行调查。结果:患儿E质个性低于对照组〔P<。.05);行为问题发生率为21.1%。男孩多有交往不良、躯体诉述、违纪;女孩表现为抑郁、社会退缩。家长各项因子分均高于对照组.两组比较差异有极显著意义(P<0.01)。患儿的行为问题与家长的心理卫生状况有显著的相关性。表4参12(蔡虹蔚) 02401‘小儿恶性肿瘤住院化疗合并感染…     

血液肿瘤患儿个性、行为问题的调查研究

为研究血液肿瘤患儿的行为、个性特点 ,采用艾森克个性问卷(儿童)手册(EPQ)、Achenbach儿童行为评定量表(CBCL) ,对57例病程1年～5年 ,年龄6岁～11岁的血液肿瘤患儿进行个性、行为的心理测试。结果显示 :血液肿瘤患儿E质个性低于对照组(P<0.05) ;行为问题发生率为21.1 % ,男孩多有交往不良、躯体诉述、违纪 ,女孩表现为抑郁、社交退缩 ;患儿的个性与行为之间存在相关关系。提示血液肿瘤患儿表现为内向个性特点 ,存在着明显的行为问题     

哮喘儿童及家长心理健康状况调查

目的 了解哮喘儿童及其家长的心理健康状况.方法 采用艾森克人格问卷(儿童)、Rutter's儿童行为量表(父母问卷)对36例6～14岁哮喘儿童进行个性、行为心理测试.采用90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)对其家长进行心理卫生状况调查.结果 哮喘儿童E、N值均高于正常对照组(P<0.05),行为问题发生率为33.3%,哮喘家长SCL-90各项因子分均高于对照组,以抑郁、焦虑、躯体诉述及恐怖因子得分最明显(P<0.05).结论 哮喘儿童及家长的心理问题均较健康对照人群高,应引起高度重视,积极进行心理干预.     

汉字阅读障碍患儿临床特点的研究

目的　探讨汉字阅读障碍患儿的临床特点。方法　运用《修订后阅读测验》、自制病史调查表及Ａｃｈｅｎｂａｃｈ 儿童行为量表对４０ 例阅读障碍患儿和８０ 例正常儿童进行对照研究。结果　病例组患儿智商和阅读成绩均低于对照组（ｔ 分别为５．８８９、１５．３１７，Ｐ＜０．００１） ；病例组患儿在单字（ 词）的辨认及发音、朗读、阅读理解中出现各种问题的次数均多于对照组（ Ｐ均＜ ０．０５） ；病例组合并语言发育问题、拼音学习困难、书写问题、多动的比率均高于对照组（ Ｐ均＜０ ．０５）；起病时间与症状严重程度呈负相关（ｒｓ′＝ －０．６０１，Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论　汉字阅读障碍中阅读技能的损害涉及阅读中各个环节；起病越早，症状越重；患儿容易合并语言发育问题、拼音学习困难、书写问题和多动。     

急性白血病患儿血清肿瘤坏死因子a的活性变化及临床意义

用放射免疫方法测定了2O例正常儿童及40例急性白血病（AL）患儿化疗前后血清肿瘤坏死因子（TNF－a）浓度。结果；在AL诊断时，TNF－a水平显著升高1当患儿获得部分缓解至完全缓解时，TNF－a水平呈梯形降低，其最低值仍高于健康儿童（P＜O．01～0．05）；22例急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）患儿TNF－a水平在任何阶段都比18例急性非淋巴细胞白血病（ANLL）患儿低（P＜0．o1）；TNF－a水平和临床疗效之间显示负相关性。因此，作者们认为测量TNF－a水平可作为一项判断AL疗效和预后的临床指标。     

肾病综合征急性肾炎患儿及家长心理卫生状况初步研究

目的：探讨肾病综合征(NS),急性肾炎(AGN)患儿及家长个性、心理健康状况与疾病的关系,为NS,AGN的心理干预治疗提供理论依据。方法：采用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)及症状自评量表(SCL-90)对患儿及家长个性心理进行调查。结果：NS患儿P,E量表得分低于正常儿童对照组(P0.05),患儿家长N 和L量表得分高于正常成人对照组(P0.05)。NS患儿SCL-90评定结果,除强迫、精神病性及附加量表外,余如躯体化症状、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌意、恐惧、偏执得分均明显高于正常儿童对照组(P0.05),而患儿家长SCL-90各项因子得分均高于正常成人对照组(P<0.05)。结论：本研究提示NS患儿具有内向、情绪不稳定的个性倾向,心理上具有明显的焦虑、抑郁、恐惧、躯体化等多方面症状,AGN患儿个性和心理与正常儿童无差异,NS,AGN患儿家长具有内向、神经质个性倾向,心理上亦具有明显的焦虑、抑郁、恐惧、躯体化等症状。     

缺铁性贫血对婴幼儿体格生长及智能行为发育的影响

目的：探讨缺铁性贫血（IDA）对婴幼儿体格生长智能行为发育的影响。方法：对264例婴幼儿的生长发育进行纵向监测，定期地体重，身高（长）、智力发育指数（MDI）、精神运动发能指数（PDI）以及行为问题进行测试，智能测试采用Bayley婴幼儿发育量表，行为测试采用Achenbach儿童行为筛查量表，根据2岁时有无IDA分为两组：1．贫血组（96例）；2．非贫血组（168例）建立数据库，用SPSS软件进行统计学分析。结果：贫血组2岁体重较对照组低（P＜0．05），1－2岁体重年增长率对照组低（P＜0．05）。2岁贫血线MDI、PDI均低于对照组，且这种改变在2．5岁贫血完全纠正时仍存在；另外2岁IDA患儿血红蛋白水平与其MDI和PDI分值呈正相关，行为方面贫血组2－3岁行为问题发生率明显高于对照组，突出表现在社交退缩和躯体诱述两个行为因子上。结论：IDA对婴幼儿体格生长和智能行为发育均产生不良影响，积极防治IDA对保证婴幼儿正常生长发育具有重要意义。     

血液病或肿瘤患儿家长心理状况研究

目的检测血液病或肿瘤患儿家长与普通疾病患儿家长焦虑、抑郁水平和家庭环境的差异。方法采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、家庭环境量表中文版（FES-CV）,对45例血液病或肿瘤患儿家长及52例呼吸系统疾病患儿家长（对照组）进行心理、家庭环境评估。结果血液病或肿瘤患儿家长焦虑、抑郁检出率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）;血液病或肿瘤组患儿家庭在知识性及娱乐性方面低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论血液病或肿瘤家长存在较多的不良情绪和家庭环境问题。因此,在治疗原发病的同时,很有必要对患儿及其家长进行适当的心理干预,以提高患儿与家长对血液病或肿瘤疾病长期治疗的配合与依从性。     

行为问题儿童血5-羟色胺浓度变化相关性探讨

目的：探讨各种行为问题儿童外周血5－羟色胺（5－HT）浓度的变化及其意义。方法：应用《Achenbach儿童行为量表》筛查并根据其因子分类，对30例行为问题儿童进行外周血5－HT含量测定，并与正常儿童30例对照比较，结果：行为问题儿童与正常儿童外周血5－HT浓度比较无明显变化（P＞0．05），多动行为问题儿童与正常儿童外周血5－HT浓度比较明显降低，差异显著（P＜0．05）；内向型因子组与外向型因子组比较明显升高，差异显著（P＜0．05）；行为问题儿童外周血5－HT浓度随着年龄的增长与正常儿童差异增大。结论：外周血5－HT浓度与行为问题有关，可能是儿童行为问题发生的物质基础之一。     

支气管哮喘患儿心理学特点的对照研究

目的 了解哮喘患儿的心理学特点。方法 采用ＥＰＱ、ＣＢＣＬ、ＣＲＴ、ＳＡＢ量表,对６３例病程３～１１年、年龄７～１２岁的中、重度哮喘患儿进行个性、行为、智力及适应能力的心理测试。结果 哮喘儿童Ｎ质个生高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。行为问题发生率为３０％,男孩多有攻击行为,女孩表现为抑郁、社会退缩。患儿平均智商为１０５．６５,与对照组比较差异无显著意义（Ｐ〉０．０５）,但Ｄ、Ｅ单元得分低于对照组（Ｐ〈     

孤独症儿童父母心理健康状态的研究

目的：研究孤独症患儿家长的心理健康状态。方法：采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对34名孤独症儿童和35名健康儿童的父母亲进行评分。结果：孤独症儿童父母亲SCL-90总分分别为162.5±34.0,175.1±51.0,均高于正常儿童的父母亲(分别为142.4±82.8,152.3±40.6;P<0.05)。孤独症儿童的父亲在强迫症状、忧郁、焦虑、偏执等4个因子上的分数高于健康儿童的父亲（P<0.05）;孤独症儿童的母亲在强迫症状、人际关系敏感、忧郁、焦虑、偏执、敌对性、精神病性和睡眠/饮食等8个因子的分数较正常儿童的母亲高（P<0.05）;在人际关系敏感、焦虑、精神病性症状因子上,孤独症儿童的母亲得分较父亲高（P<0.05）。结论：在对孤独症儿童给与关爱和治疗的同时,也要关注孤独症儿童父母的心理健康。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12(12)：947-949］     

Maternal attribution of child noncompliance in children with mental retardation: Down syndrome versus other causes

This study examined mothers' attributions of the causality of noncompliance in their children with Down syndrome (n = 37) compared with children with other causes of mental retardation (n = 22). Mothers rated two vignettes of simple noncompliance and completed questionnaires about their child's personality and maladaptive behaviors. Instead of attributing causality along the "classical" categories of locus, controllability, and stability, mothers in both groups used normalizing-temporary and excuse-making attributions. Higher ratings of normalizing-temporary compared with excuse-making occurred in both groups. There was also an interaction effect such that, compared with mothers in the mixed group, mothers in the Down syndrome group showed higher normalizing-temporary versus excuse-making attributions. In the Down syndrome group, normalizing-temporary attributions correlated negatively with children's internalizing behaviors and positively with children's personality. Excuse-making attributions correlated with children's externalizing behaviors in the Down syndrome group and with children's internalizing problems in the mixed group. Our results highlight the importance of understanding parental attributions for noncompliant behavior among children with different causes of mental retardation.     

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目的探讨支气管哮喘患儿行为特征及其母亲心理健康状况,为临床治疗及早期干预提供依据。方法以2007年10月至2009年2月长治医学院附属和济医院、附属和平医院确诊的4～12岁支气管哮喘患儿96例为支气管哮喘组,采用Achenbach儿童行为评定量表(CBCL)对支气管哮喘组及96名正常儿童(对照组)进行评估。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对所有研究对象的母亲进行评估。结果支气管哮喘组患儿社会能力低于对照组,行为问题总检出率为38.5%,明显高于对照组(15.7%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.005);在躯体主诉、抑郁、焦虑、内向性行为、社交退缩、违纪等方面得分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。支气管哮喘组患儿母亲在焦虑、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、精神病性等方面得分均高于对照组儿童母亲,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论支气管哮喘患儿较正常儿童表现出更多的行为问题,且支气管哮喘患儿母亲较正常儿童的母亲更易出现一些心理问题,故在对支气管哮喘患儿进行规范的药物治疗基础上,应配合适当的心理行为干预。     

Patterns of agreement between parent and child ratings of emotional and behavioral problems in an outpatient clinical setting: when children endorse more problems

This study examined clinically relevant patterns of agreement between parent and child ratings of child behavior problems and factors associated with these patterns. Subjects were 274 children, ages 11 to 18 years, and their parents. Overall agreement between parent-child ratings was modest. Twenty-five percent of parent-child pairs agreed children's behavior problems were clinically elevated ("both" group), 29% agreed problems were nonclinical ("neither" group), in 39% of pairs only parents reported clinically elevated problems ("parent only" group) and in 8% of pairs only children rated clinically elevated problems ("child only" group). Maternal stress and child age, but not child gender, were associated with parent-child agreement patterns. Children with depressive/mood disorders were more likely to be in the "child only" group than in any other group. This study discusses the importance of paying attention to child reports of elevated behavior problems, particularly when parents report that child behavior problems are not clinically elevated.     

Quality of life and symptoms of residual damage in cerebellar tumors in children and adolescents

At the departments of neurosurgery and pediatrics of the University Hospital of Hamburg 21 patients after neurosurgery and radiation of cerebellar tumors have been examined as to neuropsychological, neurological and ophtalmological disabilities. A standardized questionairy for the parents concerning different aspects of their children's quality of life (physical, mental, social health and functional limitations) was performed. 16 children showed minor neurological signs with no or mild disability, in 5 children severe disability was found. In 4 patients morphological changes in the eyeground, in 2 patients amblyopia was detected. 19 patients underwent a neuropsychological examination. The group of patients with medulloblastoma or ependymoma (n = 10) scored in nearly all tests below the group with astrocytoma (n = 9). 3 out of 7 patients in the medulloblastoma or ependymoma group had to abandon school, one patient needs special education. All patients with astrocytoma performed fairly well at school. Parents of patients with medulloblastoma or ependymoma classified their children's quality of life not as good as did parents of children with astrocytoma. The amount of objective disability had no influence on the parents estimation of their children's quality of life. Besides the neurological examination the neuropsychological and quality of life assessment proved to be an essential part of follow up. For a more comprehensive understanding of quality of life, qualitative assessment strategies should be included in further research.     

癫患儿父母心理健康状况调查分析

目的调查了解癫患儿父母心理健康状况.方法采用临床症状自评量表(SCL-90)对一组癫患儿父母的心理状态进行评定,在父母间进行比较,并与对照组、全国常模进行比较.结果癫患儿父母SCL-90总分以焦虑、抑郁、躯体化、恐怖4个因子分值明显高于常模及对照组(P＜0.01),人际敏感、敌对2个因子分值明显低于全国常模及对照组(P＜0.01),母亲组焦虑、抑郁、躯体化、恐怖因子分值明显高于父亲组(P＜0.01),提示癫患儿父母存在不良的心理状态,母亲尤为严重,临床医生在治疗癫患儿时应重视其家长尤其是母亲心理的帮助与支持.     

The Clinical Significance of Neurocognitive Impairments among Children with Psychiatric Disorders: Diagnosis and Situational Specificity

The overall objective of this paper is to assess the clinical significance of neurocognitive impairments (NCI) among children with psychiatric disorders. One hundred and fifty-three children referred to a mental health clinic underwent neuropsychological testing. Their parents were interviewed to obtain background information and data on their children's behavior. Parents and teachers also filled out behavior checklists. The results suggest that neurocognitive impairments are: (1) more strongly associated with externalizing rather than internalizing psychiatric diagnoses; and (2) are correlated with psychiatric symptoms at school, but not at home. The implications for understanding the impact of neurocognitive impairments on the situational specificity of psychiatric symptoms are discussed.     

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目的探讨父母养育方式对子女人格特质的影响。方法2004-04四川大学华西临床医学院采用“父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)”和“艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)”对成都市区586名高一学生进行问卷调查,并采用SPSS10·0软件分析人格特质与父母养育方式之间的关系。结果在EMBU中,父亲的教养方式存在性别差异,而母亲的教养方式无性别差异;在EPQ中,P,N,L3个维度得分有性别差异,E维度得分无性别差异;相关及回归分析显示父母养育方式中母亲的惩罚、严厉(m4)对子女精神质(P),掩饰或纯朴性(L)两维度的影响更显著,母亲的过分干涉、过度保护(m2)对子女内外向(E)维度影响更为显著;父亲的惩罚、严厉(f2),母亲的过分干涉、过度保护(m2)对子女神经质或情绪的稳定性(N)维度的影响更显著。结论父亲对子女的养育方式存在性别差异;男、女生的人格特质有差别;父母养育方式对子女人格特质有影响。表明培养子女健全人格需父母采取个体化、正性的养育方式。