鼻内镜下眼眶爆裂性骨折的修复

目的观察鼻内镜协助下经结膜切口以Medpor材料修复眶下壁骨折效果。方法单纯爆裂性眶下壁骨折13例,采用结膜切口联合外眦皮肤切开入路,鼻内镜下取出游离的碎骨片,将嵌顿的下直肌及其他眶组织充分游离还纳至眶内,植入修剪塑形后的Medpor板重建眶下壁,随访4～12个月,观察眼位、复视、眼球内陷及眼球运动改善情况。结果术后所有患者复视及眼球运动受限均得到不同程度的改善。10例复视完全消失,眼球运动恢复正常;3例好转（其中2例伤后近2个月手术）。眼球内陷均在1mm以内。结论鼻内镜下经结膜切口眼眶爆裂性骨折整复术合并Medpor板植入可有效矫正眼球内陷及复视,效果良好,并发症少。     

Medpor Titan外科种植体在眼眶爆裂性骨折修复术中的应用

目的评价镶嵌钛网高密度多孔聚乙烯（Medpor Titan）外科种植体在眼眶爆裂性骨折修复术中的作用。方法回顾性分析采用Medpor Titan修复眼眶爆裂性骨折的患者11例（11只眼）。术前存在眼球内陷、眼球运动障碍及复视,眼眶CT证实为眼眶爆裂性骨折。术后观察眼球突出度、眼球运动及复视等变化,并复查眼眶CT。结果术前9例合并眼球内陷有8例完全矫正,1例欠矫3 mm。术后眼球内陷1~3 mm,平均（-0.89±1.17）mm,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;术前10例眼球运动障碍的患者9例恢复正常,1例好转;合并复视的6例患者中5例复视消失,1例改善。复查眼眶CT见眶壁骨折复位良好,Medpor Titan无移位、脱出,无肌肉及软组织嵌顿。结论 Medpor Titan不仅能较好的用于眼眶骨折修复,且能在影像学上很好地显影,是较理想的眼眶骨折修复材料。     

眼眶爆裂性骨折Medpor钛网种植体早期整复

目的 探讨Medpor钛网种植体在眼眶爆裂性骨折伴眼球内陷的早期整复手术中的疗效.方法 对18例眼眶爆裂性骨折合并有眼球内陷,外伤后2周施行眼眶修复术,以Medpor钛网种植体作为整复材料,三维CT扫描测量术前眼眶容积变化;Hertel眼球突出计测量术前、术后眼球内陷的程度;所有测量均以对侧正常眼为对照;术后随访6 ～ 12个月.结果 18例眼眶爆裂性骨折眼眶容积较对照眼均有明显增大（t=-20.54,P＜0.01）;术后眼球内陷均矫正,术后6个月11例复视消肖失,2例复视症状改善,复视治愈率84.61％.结论 通过三维CT及计算机辅助技术对眼眶爆裂性骨折伴眼球内陷做早期诊断,早期重建手术疗效好;Medpor钛网种植体在眼眶整复术中是安全、有效的.     

眼眶爆裂性骨折的手术治疗

目的:探讨眼眶爆裂性骨折的手术治疗方法和效果。方法:对24例眼眶爆裂性骨折患者进行复位手术,将嵌顿眶内容物复位,以钛板钛钉铆合或植入Medpor植片修补骨折缺损区,术后观察患者眼眶外观、眼球运动、视力、复视等情况。结果:术后眼球内陷改善、眼球运动改善、视力良好、复视基本消失。结论:眼眶爆裂性骨折致复视、眼球运动障碍等及时手术可获得良好眼位及视功能。     

HA微粒在眶爆裂性骨折晚期整复中的应用

目的探讨羟基磷灰石微粒整复眶爆裂性骨折晚期眼球内陷的临床效果。方法对42例(42眼)行下睑睫毛缘下皮肤切口,将HA微粒植入眶骨折缺损处。结果21例有眼球者的术前术后症状和体征主要有复视、眼球运动障碍及眼球内陷。术后21例复视均好转,眼球活动度19例完全改善,2例部分改善;21例术后突出度均与健眼对称。另21例原为无眼球植入眼台者,义眼内陷,运动受限,术后配戴仿真义眼片,外形满意,双眼对称,义眼转动幅度15°～25°。结论术后并发症少,效果良好。术后早期进行眼球运动训练对提高复视的治愈率,改善眼球的运动功能有着重要作用。     

眼眶骨折的手术治疗

目的研究眼眶爆裂性骨折整复术中应用Medpor的疗效。方法对135例眼眶爆裂性骨折手术：眶内壁骨折患者采用内眦皮肤切口及结膜切口入路，眼眶下壁骨折，及下壁合并内壁骨折术中采用下睑缘或下穹隆手术切口入眶，将嵌顿于眼眶骨折处的下直肌、内直肌及其他软组织游离至眶内，插入修剪塑形后的Medpor板。结果术后眼球突出度较术前提高1．5～5．0mm，同对侧正常眼相比为-2～＋2mm（即内陷或突出2mm之间），外观上基本同受伤前相似，术后1月后复视消除103例（76．30％），术后3月复视消除128例（94．81％）。结论及时实施眼眶爆裂性骨折整复术合并Medpor板植入可有效矫正眼球内陷及复视。     

眼眶爆裂性骨折手术疗效分析

目的分析手术治疗眼眶爆裂性骨折的技巧、时机和治疗效果。方法应用CT扫描和眼眶三维重建,以高密度聚乙烯为填充材料,对32例(32眼)眼眶爆裂性骨折实施手术治疗修复眶腔壁,术后1月复查。结果术后1个月,32例手术中,眼球内陷明显改善21例;眼球运动改善及复视减轻或消失16例;眼球内陷矫正不足4例;眼球运动障碍加重3例;视力较术前下降2例;眶下神经损伤5例。结论手术是改善和治疗眼眶爆裂性骨折并发症的主要方法,手术时机、手术技巧及填充材料的应用是手术成功的关键。     

爆裂性眼眶骨折的计算机断层扫描评估及手术

目的探讨爆裂性眼眶骨折的计算机断层扫描（CT）所见及手术治疗方法和效果。方法分析136例（141眼）爆裂性眼眶骨折的临床表现和CT影象,对其中71眼进行复位手术,将嵌顿的眶内容物复位,植入高密度多孔聚乙烯植片或以钛板钛钉铆合的方式修补眼眶骨折缺损,手术后观察眼眶外观、眼球运动、复视的恢复情况。结果由CT影像确定患者中有78眼单纯眼眶内侧壁骨折,18眼单纯眶下壁骨折,36眼双眶壁骨折,9眼混合型骨折。术后眼球内陷的情况明显改善,眼球的运动也灵活很多,复视症状完全消失。结论综合运用眼眶CT横轴位和冠状位扫描,对于显示爆裂性眼眶骨折的影像学征象、决定治疗方案、评估预后都有重要价值。早期手术的效果显著。     

内壁合并下壁眼眶爆裂性骨折Medpor修复

目的 探讨Medpor植入术治疗内壁合并下壁眼眶爆裂性骨折的手术方法及手术效果。方法对确诊为内壁合并下壁眼眶爆裂性骨折12例(12眼)行眼眶整复及骨折区骨膜下Medpor植入术，观察比较术前术后眼球突出度、眼外肌运动、复视及视力等情况。结果术后所有患眼眼球内陷矫正，眼球活动良好，复视消失，手术未影响视力，术后随访期间无植入物脱出或排斥反应。结论有并发症的内壁合并下壁眼眶爆裂性骨折患者应及早行眼眶整复术治疗，应用Medpor作植入物安全有效，是重建眶壁理想的生物材料。     

儿童眶壁爆裂性骨折的临床分析

目的分析儿童眶壁爆裂性骨折的特点，寻求有效的治疗措施。设计回顾性病例系列研究。研究对象12岁以下儿童眶壁爆裂性骨折患者59例（59眼）。方法观察患儿眼位、眼球内陷程度、眼球运动、复视情况，通过眼眶CT观察骨折位置、大小、肌肉嵌顿情况等。59眼中牵拉治疗5眼，行眶壁骨折整复术治疗54眼。主要指标骨折位置，眼位，眼球内陷程度，眼球运动，复视情况。结果59例患者治疗前均有复视，眼球运动受限，1例眼球轻微内陷。59例眼眶CT均显示眶壁骨折，其中眶底骨折57例，眶内壁骨折2例，眶底与眶内壁均骨折1例。牵拉治疗1-3次5例患者复视消失。整复手术治疗者于术后8个月内复视消失，伤后1周内手术者，术后1个月内复视消失。结论儿童眶壁骨折多发生于眶底，眼球内陷少且轻微。重度眼球运动障碍，有直肌嵌塞者，应及早手术；手术越早（〈1周），复视消失越迅速。牵拉治疗对儿童某些轻型骨折有效。     

眼眶爆裂性骨折眼球内陷的晚期整复治疗

目的 研究眼眶爆裂性骨折眼球内陷晚期手术的方法及疗效,评估羟基磷灰石复合人工骨眶内植入的安全性及有效性。方法 应用眼眶三维测量方法及复视分析方法,以自体骨及羟基磷灰石复合人工骨作为填充材料,对21例眼眶爆裂性骨折眼球内陷患者施行晚期眼眶修复眼球复位术,并进行比较研究。结果 18例患者的眼球内陷被矫正,3例治疗无效。16例复视患者中,8例患者复视情况有所改善,8例治疗无效。自体骨及复合人工骨眶内植入的疗效无显著差异。结论 眼眶爆裂性骨折眼球内陷的晚期重建复位手术可获得满意疗效。羟基磷灰石复合人工骨眶内植入是安全及有效的。     

经鼻爆裂性眶骨折眼球内陷的晚期整复

目的　探讨眼眶爆裂性骨折眼球内陷晚期手术的方法及疗效。方法　回顾性总结 1998～ 2 0 0 2年经不同入路手术治疗 19例眼眶爆裂性骨折的手术疗效。结果　 17例的眼球内陷被矫正 ,2例治疗无效。术后复视症状完全消失 4例 ,5例部分消失 ,无变化 6例。结论　眼眶爆裂性骨折眼球内陷的晚期重建复位手术获得良好疗效。     

EH型复合人工骨在眼眶骨折修复眼球内陷复位中的应用

目的 评估ＥＨ型复合人工骨在眼眶爆裂性骨折眼球内陷进行眶壁重建眼球复位手术中的应用价值。方法 应用ＣＴ扫描和信重建技术,评估眼眶骨壁缺损的大小和形状。应用可塑性医用树脂和羟基磷灰石（ＥＨ）微粒按一定比例混合而成的复合人工骨和自体肋骨,进行箍壁缺损修复和眼球内陷复位的比较研究。结果 在２１例眼眶爆裂性骨折眼球内陷患者中,１８例取得满意疗效;ＥＨ型复合人工骨和自体肋骨两种材料对眼眶骨折修复眼球内陷复位     

Medpor板修复眼眶骨折合并眼球内陷的临床观察

目的：观察高密度多孔聚乙烯( Medpor )板在眼眶骨折合并眼球内陷修复术中的应用效果。
　　方法：对因眼眶骨折致眼球内陷患者17例17眼,采用Medpor板进行眶壁骨折修复手术。术后随访6mo,观察眼球突出度、眼球运动及复视等变化。
　　结果：术前患眼较对侧平均内陷(3.4±1.5) mm,术后6mo有2例残存眼球内陷1mm,其余15例眼球突出度与健眼差值小于1 mm。术前17例均存在眼球运动受限并伴有不同程度复视,术后6mo,16例患者眼球运动受限治愈,复视消失,1例患眼轻度外展受限并残存外侧水平复视。术后随访期间未见Medpor板的脱出、排斥、感染或其他不良反应。
　　结论：Medpor板可有效补充眼眶容积,修复眼球内陷等眼眶骨折并发症。     

Computer-assisted orbital volume measurement in the surgical correction of late enophthalmos caused by blowout fractures

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of computer-assisted volumetric measurement for the prediction of late enophthalmos and for volume estimation of implant material in the correction of late enophthalmos secondary to orbital blowout fractures (BOF). METHODS: This is a prospective observational study of 16 patients. Computer-assisted orbital volume measurements were made with the use of axial CT scans. Hertel exophthalmometry was used for the measurement of enophthalmos. The Lancaster test was used for measurement of diplopia. Autogenous bone or hydroxyapatite composite material was used for the repair of orbital defects and the correction of orbital volume expansion in 16 patients with enophthalmos caused by BOF. The volume of implant material was calculated from the orbital volume increment. Patients were followed for an average of 8 months after surgery. RESULTS: There is a high correlation between the increment of orbital volume and the degree of enophthalmos; 1 cm3 orbital volume increment causes 0.89 mm of enophthalmos. Before surgery, 10 of the 16 patients had moderate enophthalmos (3 to 4 mm) and 6 patients had severe enophthalmos (> or = 5 mm). Six months after surgical intervention, 13 patients (81%) achieved satisfactory results; 3 patients had no enophthalmos and 10 had mild enophthalmos (1 to 2 mm). Three patients had moderate to severe enophthalmos. CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of orbital volume in patients with BOF can be used to predict the degree of late enophthalmos. Use of the orbital volume increment to determine the amount of implant material can improve the therapeutic outcome in the correction of late enophthalmos caused by BOF.     

眼眶爆裂性骨折二维及三维CT图像分析及其临床意义

目的 初步探讨和评价CT两维、三维成像技术（2D-CT,3D-CT）对眼眶爆裂性骨折修复术的临床指导作用.方法 以2D-CT及3D-CT成像技术诊断眶壁骨折资料为依据,以Medpor人工骨片及羟基磷灰石人工骨片为填充材料,对39例（39眼）眼眶爆裂性骨折施行眶壁骨折修复术.结果 2D-CT良好的显示出眶内软组织嵌顿及疝出的状态,3D-CT清晰的显示出眶壁骨折空间立体结构,窦腔重建图像具有帮助术前诊断和了解窦损伤情况的作用.37例眼球内陷经3月的术后观察,33例完全矫正,4例部分矫正;34例复视者中30例复视症状基本消失.结论 CT两维、三维成像相结合有助于医生精确的进行手术设计,较好地解决眼球内陷、复视和美容问题.     

Surgical outcome of blowout fracture: early repair without implants and the usefulness of balloon treatment

PURPOSE: To determine the surgical intervention time, which is most likely to achieve a high success rate for blowout fracture repair without implants and the usefulness of treatment with an intramaxillary sinus balloon. METHODS: Two hundred patients with isolated fractures of the orbit were evaluated by the Hess screen test, the Hertel exophthalmometer, and coronal computed tomography of the orbit. Operative criteria included diplopia within 30 degrees and enophthalmos >3 mm. An inferior lid incision approach was used to expose the orbital floor for realignment of bone fragments. Eighty of the patients received a gingival incision, followed by an osteotomy to create a 10-mm opening into the maxillary sinus for placement of a silicon-Teflon-silicon balloon. RESULTS: The highest success rate, with diplopia completely improved in 66% of the patients, was observed when surgery was performed within 3 days after the injury. This success rate declined as surgical intervention was delayed. In 197 cases, enophthalmos was improved to <2 mm postoperatively for patients who had surgery within 14 days. The balloon treatment was well tolerated and caused no complications. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery within 3 days is recommended in cases with diplopia and enophthalmos. An intramaxillary sinus balloon treatment was useful for the cases with large orbital floor fracture that could cause latent enophthalmos.     

复合性眼眶骨折手术中外科种植体的应用研究

目的 探讨高密度多孔聚乙烯（Medpor）及镶嵌钛网高密度多孔聚乙烯（Medpor Titan）外科种植体在复合性眼眶骨折整复手术中的应中应用的效果.方法 回顾性分析10例（10眼）Medpor或Medpor Titan外科种植体植入修复复合性眼眶骨折手术.观察眼球内陷、眼球位置及眼球运动等变化.结果 术后随访12个月,随访期间未发现外科种植体的脱出、排斥、感染或其他不良反应.术前患眼凹陷平均（3.00±0.75）mm,眼球下移平均（2.10±0.88） mm,6例存在眼球运动障碍.术后3例残存眼球凹陷1 mm,7例眼球凹陷矫正;8例眼球下移完全矫正,2例残留眼球下移1 mm;5例眼球运动障碍得以矫正,1例外展功能受限;8例复视消失,1例残存下方垂直复视,1例残存患眼外侧水平复视.结论 应用Medpor及Medpor Titan外科种植体治疗复合性眼眶骨折,可有效恢复眼眶容积,矫正眼球内陷等并发症.     

Reconstruction of complex orbital fracture with titanium implants

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of complex orbital fracture reconstruction with titanium implants. METHODS: A retrospective review of 46 patients treated with complex orbital fractures reconstruction using titanium implants from January 2005 to December 2008 was conducted. The following data were recorded: age, gender, mechanism of injury, preoperative and postoperative orbital CT, visual acuity, diplopia, ocular motility and Hertel exophthalmometer. RESULTS: The most common cause was motor vehicle accident (47.8%), followed by industrial injury (30.4%). All patients had improved appearance after operation and CT scan at one week after operation showed the fracture defects of orbit and neighboring areas had been reconstructed. Forty-six cases had various degrees of enophthalmos before operation. Among them, 32 cases were completely corrected, 11 cases improved obviously and 3 cases had no improvement after operation. Thirty-six patients with visual acuity ≥20/60 revealed diplopia of various degrees, including 26 patients had diplopia in right ahead and/or reading positions. At the sixth month after operation, diplopia disappeared in five patients, 7 patients still had diplopia in right ahead and/or reading positions, 14 patients had diplopia in positions rather than right ahead and reading positions (<20°) and ten patients had diplopia only at peripheral gazing (>20°). All patients had various degrees of ocular motility disorders before operation. At the sixth month after operation, eyeball movement disorder disappeared in 9 patients, 31 patients showed improvement and 6 patients had no improvement. Complications of implant infection, rejection and displacement were not reported after operation. CONCLUSION: The application of titanium implants in the repair of complex orbital fractures greatly improves the appearance and functional results, which is a favorable material for plastic surgery of complex orbital fracture.