Dermatitis in hairdressers

Hand dermatitis in hairdressers is caused by a variety of factors. Important are the sensitizing and irritant capacities of some hair-cosmetic ingredients, unsafe packaging which causes contamination of the hands, work tables and instruments with hazardous chemicals, absence of protection with adequate gloves and ignorance of safe handling of these chemicals. A strategy is proposed, based on improvement of the safety of ingredients and packaging, use of vinyl gloves and introduction of safe hairdressing procedures. Introduction of this strategy in hairdressing salons with 16 cases of moderate to severe contact dermatitis reduced the number of cases of active dermatitis to 3 in 4 months. The value of pre-employment screening is discussed and the necessity of cooperation of centers of occupational dermatology is emphasized.     

Management and prevention of laser complications in aesthetic medicine: An analysis of the etiological factors

Growing popularity of laser treatment has understandably resulted in increased incidence of potential complications. The analysis of complications, taking into account the causes of their occurrence, is of particular interest. The identification of etiological factors and the development of a step‐by‐step prophylactic algorithm with their consideration is the way to reduce the number of possible complications in future practice. In this article, we present a classification of the causes of complications associated with various types of laser procedures. This classification was developed on the basis of a review of last 20 years' literature and our own experience in a network of clinics “Linline” in Russia. We identified six groups of the etiological classification of laser complications: errors of patient selection, errors of treatment tactics, wrong choice of device and technology, neglect of treatment protocol, inadequate post‐procedural care, individual response of the patient. The causes of all specified groups of complication, except the last one, are preventable causes.     

现代医院模块化应急分队的构建与运用研究

应急医疗分队是医院完成各种应急保障任务的组织基础,是医院建设的重要组成部分,是医院完成各种应急保障任务的重要力量。提高医院应急医疗分队模块化水平,对于发挥医院卫生保障潜力,维护人员健康,巩固和提高保障力,具有十分重要的理论和实践意义。根据模块化原理,应急分队组织模块划分的标准为：结构的独立性、功能的确定性、组合的通用性、信息的互通性。应急分队组织模块划分的六个步骤为：以功能为核心进行组织系统分解、典型功能要素的提取和分离、非典型功能要素的处理、构建应急分队组织模块库、应急分队组织模块化的评价和标准化。模块化应急分队的应用范围包括：组织模块训练、灵活编组使用组织模块、机动组合部署组织模块、适时适量调整组织模块。     

中药菟丝子水提取物促毛囊无色素黑素细胞分化的实验研究

目的观察中药菟丝子水提取物诱导毛囊无色素黑素细胞(amelanotic melanocytes,AMMC)分化的作用。方法以8-甲氧补骨脂素(8-MOP)作为阳性对照,选择系列浓度的中药菟丝子水提取物和8-MOP作用于体外培养的AMMC,然后测定酪氨酸酶活性、黑素含量和细胞增殖率的变化。透射电镜观察药物作用前后AMMC超微结构的变化。结果菟丝子水提取物明显促进AMMC生成黑素(P<0.01),且呈浓度依赖性,但是促进作用弱于阳性对照8-MOP(P<0.01)。电镜结果显示,无药物作用的AMMC主要含有I,II和III期黑素小体,药物作用以后,AMMC内出现了大量的IV期黑素小体。菟丝子水提取物对细胞增殖无明显影响,但明显增强酪氨酸酶的活性。结论菟丝子水提取物促进了AM-MC的分化,这种作用与其增强酪氨酸酶活性有关。     

SLE患者外周血单个核细胞bcl-2和bax基因的表达

目的通过对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)凋亡相关基因bcl-2与bax mRNA的检测,探讨凋亡相关基因在SLE患者中的改变及其在SLE发病机理中的作用。方法应用逆转录-PCR(RT-PCR)法检测41例SLE患者及32例年龄、性别与之相匹配的正常人PBMC中bcl-2mRNA与bax mRNA的表达,并用免疫印迹法检测SLE患者组自身抗体谱。结果SLE活动期患者组bcl-2mRNA表达明显高于稳定期患者和正常对照组,稳定期患者和正常对照组比较也有显著性升高;SLE患者中,两种以上自身抗体阳性组bcl-2 mRNA表达与一种或无自身抗体阳性组相比显著升高;各受试组bax mRNA的表达均无显著性差异。结论SLE患者PBMCbcl-2 mRNA呈过度表达,而baxmR-NA的表达无变化,使得bcl-2/bax的比值升高,这可能是大量自身抗体产生,SLE发生发展的重要因素之一。     

Nevus cells observed in the sebaceous glands

Of sebaceous gland-containing specimens of melanocytic nevi, a total of 79 specimens from 70 cases of nevocellular nevus (consisting of 10 cases of compound nevus and 60 of intradermal nevus), four cases of juvenile melanoma and three of blue nevus were examined light-microscopically in detail for the presence or absence of nevus cells or dermal melanocytes in the sebaceous glands. As a result, clusters of cells that appeared to be nevus cells were found in the sebaceous glands of specimens from a total of three cases, that is, two cases of nevocellular nevus i.e. compound nevus, and one of the cases of juvenile melanoma. Two cases were infantile and one case was the age of puberty. The origin of the nevus cells found in the sebaceous glands is discussed.     

Immunohistochemistry of gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP-15) in 65 benign sweat gland tumors of the skin

Sixty-five cases of benign sweat gland tumors of the skin were studied for the expression and localization of gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15) by immunoperoxidase methods. There was positive staining of tumors of probable apocrine differentiation in 10 of 11 cases of apocrine hidrocystoma and five of five cases of hidradenoma papilliferum. There was no immunoreactivity for GCDFP-15 for tumors of probable eccrine differentiation, including five cases of eccrine hidrocystoma, five cases of eccrine poroma, five cases of eccrine spiradenoma, 10 cases of clear cell hidradenoma, and nine cases of syringoma. There was variable positive staining of tumors of more uncertain histogenesis, including eight of eight cases of syringocystadenoma papilliferum, one of four cases of cylindroma, and two of two cases of chondroid syringoma (mixed tumor). The above data support a functional differentiation of the expression of GCDFP-15 by eccrine compared to apocrine glandular epithelium with benign tumor development.     

生殖医学科门诊患者支原体感染状况与药敏分析

目的:探讨生殖医学科门诊患者支原体感染状况及其药物敏感试验结果,为临床用药提供参考。方法:对2015年5月至2016年10月生殖医学科门诊患者送检的6826例支原体培养和药物敏感试验结果进行回顾性分析。结果:支原体感染阳性率为51.2%(3495/6826),解脲脲原体(Uu)、人型支原体(Mh)及Uu+Mh同时感染阳性率分别为49.66%、3.06%和1.52%;男性患者和女性患者Uu检出率分别为44.95%和63.8%;男性患者和女性患者Mh检出率则分别为1.6%和7.41%;12种抗菌药物的敏感率分别为交沙霉素(JOS)99.86%、强力霉素(DOX)99.45%、美满霉素(MIN)99.37%、四环素(TET)96.79%、克拉霉素(CLA)93.53%、罗红霉素(ROX)92.80%、阿奇霉素(AZI)91.93%、红霉素(ERY)88.7%、司巴沙星(SPA)24.88%、氧氟沙星(OFL)22.06%、左氧氟沙星(LEV)21.70%和环丙沙星(CIP)2.28%。结论:生殖医学门诊患者中支原体感染率较高,Uu为主要感染类型,女性感染率高于男性,大环内酯类抗生素(JOS、ERY、ROX、AZI)和四环素类抗生素(TET、DOX、MIN、CLA)为抗菌药物选择首选。     

Electrophysiological characterization of human keratinocytes using the patch-clamp technique

The living, not-cornified part of the epidermis consists mainly of keratinocytes. The control mechanisms of proliferation and differentiation are only partly understood. Similarly, the influence of ionic channels of the cell membrane on the proliferation of keratinocytes remains unclear. Preliminary investigations point to a relation between the opening of ionic channels and keratinocyte proliferation. Therefore, voltage clamp experiments were performed to gain further knowledge of the electrophysiological characteristics of human keratinocyte cellular membranes. In-vitro cultured keratinocytes of the cell line HaCaT were characterized by means of the voltage-clamp technique. As measured in the whole-cell configuration, changing the extracellular K+ or Cl--concentration shifted the membrane potential of HaCaT cells. Application of the patch-clamp-technique in the cell-attached and inside-out configuration revealed an ionic channel with a conductance of multiples of 200 pS. The reversal potential of the single channel current was shifted by substituting of intracellular Cl- by aspartate-. Channel openings disappeared after addition of 0.1 mM of the anion channel blocker 4',4' diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2-2' disulfonic acid (DIDS). It is concluded that this channel contributes to the Cl--conductance of the cellular membrane and is a determinant of the membrane potential of human keratinocytes. This channel may represent a target for pharmacological manipulation of the membrane potential and possibly the growth of human keratinocytes in dermatological proliferation disorders.     

保留甲床的指脱套伤修复术

目的报道一种保留甲床的指脱套伤的修复方法。方法2000年2月～2004年6月,应用腹部带蒂真皮下血管网皮管修复指脱套伤同时保留甲床8例。8例均为机器绞拉引起的撕脱伤,伤后1～5小时急诊手术,于下腹部切取皮瓣后将远端2/3处修薄,皮下脂肪保留2～4mm,然后制成皮管状,将伤指套入缝合创缘。结果术后8例皮管全部成活。随访5～18个月,皮管质地柔软、平整,断蒂后不需要再修整,保留甲床的指甲生长正常,伤指外形接近正常指,功能恢复满意。结论应用腹部带蒂真皮下血管网皮管修复指脱套伤,疗程短,可保留指末节及甲床,术后外形及功能恢复佳,是一种修复较理想的方法。     

PIXE analysis in uninvolved skin of atopic patients and aged skin.

PIXE (proton-induced X-ray emission) analysis was used to determine the elemental distribution in normal-appearing skin of patients suffering from atopic eczema and in the skin of elderly people. With this technique, elements with atomic numbers greater than or equal to 14 can be detected simultaneously in cryosections of skin biopsies down to a concentration of 1 ppm. Compared with a control group, the epidermal concentrations of Zn and Cu, which are constituent parts of a variety of enzymes, were increased in uninvolved skin of patients with atopic eczema. An increased concentration of these two metals might indicate that even in the epidermis of clinically normal skin of atopic patients, the content of certain enzymes is increased. In the epidermis of elderly people the level of K was lower and that of Ca was higher than in the epidermis of a younger age group. The decreased K level may reflect a reduction of the intracellular volume in the epidermis of aged skin. As high Ca concentrations inhibit the proliferation of and promote the differentiation of keratinocytes, elevated Ca levels may be of importance for the age-associated decrease in epidermal turnover rate.     

CONGENITAL ONYCHODYSPLASIA OF THE INDEX FINGERS

Two cases of congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers (COIF), one of them with an abnormal range of active motion of the digits, were reported. The characteristic location of a nail, or nails in micronychia and polyonychia of COIF and the involvement of the nail and the bone may be explained by the anatomy of the digit. That is, the radially more pronounced involvement of the nail may be related to the relatively smaller size of the artery of the radial aspect. This may support the transient ischemia theory of Ohta and Haseda (1) in fetal life, though the true etiology of COIF still remains obscure.     

Localization of solitary dermatophytic lesions in man]

The occurrence of three causative organisms of the so called intertriginous dermatophytoses--Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale and T. rubrum--was compared according to the localization of the lesions. The differentiation of invasion into solitary and combined sites showed a prevalence of E. floccosum in solitary lesions and T. rubrum in combined lesions. In T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, the frequency of occurrence of both types of the lesions was approximately the same. The differences found suggest various adaptation-ability of dermatophytes to different parts of the body. The study of localization of solitary lesions is important from the epidemiological point of view because it assists in revealing the sources of dermatophytic infection and the ways of transmission.     

妊娠合并尖锐湿疣46例临床分析

目的　探讨妊娠期尖锐湿疣的特点、疗效及对妊娠结局、新生儿的影响。方法　对妊娠期尖锐湿疣 46例(观察组 )和非妊娠期尖锐湿疣 46例 (对照组 )进行对比、回顾分析。结果　观察组疣体直径≥ 0 .5cm ,个数≥ 10个、分布部位≥ 3处者明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,阴道霉菌感染明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但革兰阴性双球菌明显低于对照组(P <0 .0 1) ;观察组中终止妊娠的 1次治愈率明显高于继续妊娠者 (P <0 .0 5 )。终止妊娠者与对照组 1次治愈率比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。妊娠合并尖锐湿疣足月分娩其妊娠结局、新生儿情况良好。结论　妊娠合并尖锐湿疣具有疣体大、数目多和分布广的特点 ,终止妊娠可提高尖锐湿疣的治愈率 ,尖锐湿疣对妊娠结局、新生儿无明显影响。     

河南省农村HIV/AIDS患者HIV相关性痒疹调查

目的 了解河南省农村地区HIV/AIDS患者中艾滋病相关瘙痒性丘疹性皮疹(简称:HIV相关性痒疹)的患病情况及对HIV/AIDS患者的影响。方法 在河南省4个地区随机抽取8个艾滋病高发村(HIV≥20人),符合入选标准的163个HIV相关性痒疹病人整群纳入。使用流式细胞仪测定CD4细胞,WHO艾滋病生存质量量表(WHOQOL-HIV)和皮肤生活质量指数问卷(DLQI)评定患者生活质量,PPE临床表现量化表评价患者临床症状。结果 河南省农村HIV/AIDS中HIV相关性痒疹的时点患病率8.79%。HIV相关性痒疹患者中CD4≥200者占25.77%,CD4<200者占74.23%。女性HIV相关性痒疹的CD4细胞计数比男性高(P<0.05)。CD4<200的HIV相关性痒疹患者WHOQOL-HIV独立领域得分比CD4≥200的高(P<0.05)。PPE临床表现量化表与WHOQOL-HIV之间存在相关性。PPE临床表现量化表(皮损严重程度、皮损面积、瘙痒程度)呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 多数HIV相关性痒疹患者免疫功能较差。不同性别HIV相关性痒疹患者免疫功能存在差异。HIV相关性痒疹临床表现(严重程度、面积、瘙痒程度)的差异性反应了生活质量不同领域的变化。     

端粒酶逆转录酶在皮肤肿瘤原位表达水平的比较

目的　研究端粒酶在皮肤恶性肿瘤发病机制中的作用。方法　采用人端粒酶逆转录酶 (hTERT)cRNA探针与石蜡标本进行原位杂交的方法检测 3 0例皮肤基底细胞癌、15例皮肤鳞状细胞癌、19例脂溢性角化、14例正常皮肤中hTERTmRNA的表达水平 ,并进行比较。结果　hTERT阳性率基底细胞癌为 73 .3 5 %(2 2 /3 0 ) ,鳞状细胞癌为80 .0 0 %(12 /15 ) ,均明显高于脂溢性角化 3 6.84%(7/19)和正常皮肤 2 8.5 7%(4 /14 ) ,并具有统计学意义。结论　hTERT在恶性皮肤肿瘤中的阳性表达率明显高于良性肿瘤和正常皮肤 ,提示端粒酶在皮肤恶性肿瘤发病机制中起着重要作用。原位杂交检测hTERT表达水平的方法有可能成为鉴别皮肤良恶性肿瘤的辅助检查手段。     

雄激素受体基因CAG多态性与痤疮中医分型的相关性研究

目的探讨雄激素受体基因CAG多态性与痤疮中医分型的相关性。方法应用PCR方法扩增,对肝郁气滞型和痰瘀热结型痤疮患者的阳性PCR产物进行测序,测序结果使用澳大利亚生物数据库W eb Angis分析。结果肝郁气滞型痤疮患者的雄激素受体基因CAG微卫星片段长度的平均值是23.87±2.97;痰瘀热结型痤疮患者的雄激素受体基因CAG微卫星片段长度的平均值是20.43±2.98,两型间进行比较雄激素受体基因CAG微卫星片段的长度的平均值有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论雄激素受体基因CAG多态性与痤疮中医分型有关。     

The clinical features of late onset acne compared with early onset acne in women

Background Little is known about the clinical characteristics of acne based on the age of onset. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients according to the age of onset of acne and evaluate whether the findings were related to regional differences in the density of Propionibacterium acnes or the levels of sebum secretion. Methods A total of 89 women were recruited. The acne lesions were assessed by counting the lesions using standard digital photographs. Digital fluorescent photography for the evaluation of the density of P. acnes were taken and quantitative measurements of facial sebum secretion were performed. Results In women with acne, the age of onset was negatively correlated with the number of comedones and the proportion of comedones. By comparing the number of comedones and the proportion of comedones, onset of acne after 21 years of age was defined as late onset acne. In the patients with late onset acne, the number of comedones, the total number of acne lesions and the proportions of comedones were significantly less than in the patients with early onset acne. However, there were no significant differences in the fluorescence density of P. acnes or the level of sebum secretion between the two groups. Conclusions The results of this study, using objective evaluation tools, suggest that late onset acne has different clinical characteristics. Other possible factors might explain the clinical differences in late onset acne.     

黄褐斑中医分型号陛激素水平相关性及中药疗效观察

目的观察女性黄褐斑中医辨证分型与血清性激素水平的相关性以及中药的临床疗效。方法治疗前测定2组患者的血清性激素水平并与正常对照组比较。肝郁气滞组（实证）：口服丹芩消遥煎加减,肝肾不足组（虚证）：口服六味地黄汤加减。2组疗程均为4周,共3个疗程,并以问卷形式调查黄褐斑的诱因,用SAS、SDS评价患者的临床症状。结果1．实证组雌二醇（E：）显著高于正常组;虚证组E2低于正常组;2组睾酮（T）均显著低于正常组。2．实证组SDS、SAS量表评分显著高于国内常模。3．丹芩逍遥煎与六味地黄汤对不同证型患者的皮损改善均有一定疗效。结论E2水平的高低可作为黄褐斑虚证和实证的辨证指标之一;情志因素是黄褐斑最主要的诱因;黄褐斑患者存在焦虑、抑郁心理;丹芩消遥煎与六味地黄汤治疗不同证型的黄褐斑有一定疗效。     

Costello syndrome with decreased gene expression of elastin in cultured dermal fibroblasts

We report a case of Costello syndrome. A 2-year-old Japanese boy presented with a 'coarse' face, curly hair and loose skin of the dorsal aspect of the hands and feet with dark pigmentation. A skin biopsy of the dorsal aspect of the left hand revealed hyperkeratosis and papillomatosis of the epidermis, hyperpigmentation of the basal layer, and shortening and rupture of elastic fibers of the dermis. Electron microscopy of dermal elastic fibers showed a decreased amount of elastin with an exposed appearance of microfibrils. In Northern blot analysis of cultured dermal fibroblasts, elastin mRNA levels were reduced, suggesting a decrease in elastin production at the lesions of loose skin.