医院智能化建设实施的探讨研究

对智能化医院的系统化建设进行了探讨,明确了智能化建设的前期准备阶段、施工阶段及竣工验收中应着力解决的设计问题、配合问题及发挥监理作用等重点问题,指出了在智能化建设中应杜绝的问题,以期对医院智能化建设的实施有所帮助.     

浅谈医院设备管理

对医院设备的管理进行了分类,即维修保护技术管理和经济管理。在维保技术管理中主要阐述了设备的预修机制问题,在经济管理中主要阐述了设备的折旧问题及计算机制问题。     

关于职业照射个人剂量监测认证、数据管理系统与管理模式的讨论

目的 分析讨论个人剂量管理中存在的监测认证问题、数据管理系统编制中应注意的事项、管理的责任与管理模式等问题。方法 从个人剂量监测、认证、数据管理及管理模式中存在的问题入手,详细分析问题来源。结果 分析了这些问题的核心并探讨了解决这类问题的途径。结论 实验室技术能力建设是保证个人剂量监测质量的基础,完善三级数据管理体制,完善职业分类等是数据管理的重要保证,监管不力是个人剂量管理工作中存在的一个重要问题。     

社区妇幼卫生工作探讨

根据北京市西城区社区卫生服务中妇幼保健工作的三种不同服务形式,对社区卫生服务中妇幼保健工作中的机构设置问题、政府政策支持问题、房屋设备问题、充分发挥技术人员作用等问题进行了探讨。     

新时期下强化工会资产监管的思考

文章先阐述工会资产的定义，分析了工会资产管理中存在的问题，并针对工会资产监管中存在的主要问题提出了合理化建议。     

社会医疗保险中道德风险的表现与成因分析

我国目前医疗费用快速不合理增长的重要原因在于社会医疗保险领域各相关当事人的道德风险问题，社会医疗保险领域的道德风险问题阻碍着社会医疗保险的发展。文章详细分析和论证了社会医疗保险中道德风险问题的表现形式、形成原因，并提出了防范社会医疗保险中道德风险问题的关键在于解决社会医疗保险领域的信息不对称和政府监管不到位或缺位问题。     

改变说话方式 增进婚姻和谐

2010年，某市妇女儿童心理咨询中心对全市1500户家庭进行了一项关于家庭关系的调查。结果显示，在所有的家庭问题中，婚姻家庭问题占68％，亲子问题占20％，情绪问题、职场压力、抑郁等问题占10％。而在婚姻家庭问题咨询中，有近70％的夫妻是因为不会沟通，不懂得沟通引发了夫妻矛盾甚至是离婚。     

科学活动中运用提问激发幼儿自主探究兴趣的实践

科学问题是幼儿比较关系的重要问题之一,也是幼儿素质教育中重要的组成部分,但是在具体的科学活动中,教师在问题的设计以及通过问题激发幼儿自主探究的方法还存在一定的问题,本文对科学活动中问题的设计以及提问的方式进行了研究,以期通过具体的教学案例为学前教育工作者提供一定的借鉴。     

预防接种工作存在的问题及防范对策

随着免疫规划在全球范围内的应用,预防接种工作中存在的各种问题也受到社会的关注,对此,本文从各个角度分析了预防接种工作中存在的问题,包括预防接种门诊设备问题、接种人员资格问题、疫苗管理问题等,并相应提出了针对性的有效防范对策,如加强对预防接种门诊的规范建设和接种人员进行岗前培训等。     

确保农村供水安全的对策

本文针对吉林省农村饮水安全工程水质卫生监测工作中发现的问题进行了总结，分析了问题产生的原因，提出了解决农村饮水安全问题的思路和对策。     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

芜湖地区儿童隐孢子虫病调查

1989年5月~9月,对安徽省芜湖市五所医院儿科就诊的腹泻患儿进行隐孢子虫病调查。粪检腹泻患儿3 498人,卵囊检出率1.9%。男女检出率无差异;6个月内的患儿中未检出卵囊阳性者;86.2%的卵囊阳性者分布于7个月~4岁年龄段;乡村患儿的卵囊检出率2倍于城市患儿;病例呈高度散发状态;卵囊检出率从6月下旬开始上升,在本调查中,92.5%的病例分布于6月下旬~9月。所见病例,从临床表现到大便性状均无特殊,且均呈自限性,病程似较文献报道者为短。     

Correlation among cadmium levels in river sediment, in rice, in daily foods and in urine of residents in 11 prefectures in Japan

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine if overall correlation exists among cadmium levels (Cd) in the general environment, dietary Cd intake, and Cd body burden of local residents. Methods: Eleven prefectures in Japan were selected as the areas where large-scale data on Cd levels in urine of adult women (40–49 and 50–59 years of age, respectively) were available to calculate geometric mean (GM) values for each of the prefecture. Other data were cited from published or previously established databases on Cd in the sediments of river bottoms (as a representative of Cd in the environment), Cd in rice for local consumption, and Cd in daily food duplicate samples collected from local women populations, and calculated for GM values for the prefectures. The GM values were subjected to correlation matrix and regression analysis. Results: Marginally significant (P<0.10) correlation was detected between Cd in sediment and Cd in rice. Furthermore, correlation of Cd in sediment was significant with Cd in total foods (P<0.05) and possibly with Cd in urine (P<0.05–0.10). Importance of data on Cd in rice paddy soil as a missing link is discussed. Conclusions: Correlation was demonstrated in the flow of Cd transport from the environment (expressed as Cd contents in river sediments) to humans (in terms of Cd in urine) among general populations in Japan.     

张家港市从业人员肠道沙门菌检测

目的了解张家港市区从业人员沙门菌属的带菌情况及流行趋势,以有效控制相关传染病的发生。方法对张家港市2005-2009年121 370名进行健康体检的从业人员肛拭样品沙门菌检测结果进行分析结果共检出沙门菌菌株373株,总检出率为0.31%,2005-2009年沙门菌检出率分别为0.52%、0.37%、0.24%、0.22%和0.23%,夏秋季沙门菌的检出率明显高于冬春季（χ2=140.503,P〈0.01）,从检出的373株沙门菌的血清型分布情况看,该地区主要以B、C、E群为多见,血清型以德尔卑占优势,其次为山夫登堡、罗米他。结论 2005-2009年张家港市从业人员沙门菌检出率呈逐年下降趋势,且有明显季节区别。     

Changes in social inequalities in health in the Basque Country

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent of the inequalities in self reported health between socioeconomic groups and its changes over time in the Basque Country (Spain). DESIGN: Cross sectional data on the association between occupation, education and income and three health indicators was obtained from the Basque Health Surveys of 1986 and 1992. Representative population samples were analysed. In 1986 the number of respondents was 24 657 and in 1992, 13 277. SETTING: Basque Country, Spain. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect of socioeconomic position on health and the magnitude of social inequalities in health were quantified using the odds ratios based on logistic regression analysis, and the Relative Index of Inequality. RESULTS: As was expected, social inequalities in self reported health existed in both surveys, but the social gradient was greater in 1992. Social differences varied according to gender and health indicator. According to education an increase in social inequalities was observed consistently in all the health indicators except long term conditions in women. A consistent increase in inequalities in limiting longstanding illness was also observed according to all socioeconomic indicators. CONCLUSIONS: These results agree to a large extent with those of previous studies in other countries. In this context the unequal distribution of material circumstances and working conditions between socioeconomic groups seem to play a major part in health inequalities. The worsening of the labour market during this period and the onset of a new economic recession may explain the increase in social inequalities over time.     

2003年汕头市住院婴儿住院情况分析

目的调查住院婴儿疾病分布情况。方法利用SAS8．0对汕头市2003年住院婴儿2923例病例进行统计分析。结果婴儿住院的病因包括：早产、新生儿窒息、呼吸道及消化道感染、新生儿黄疸以及先天性疾病等；造成婴儿死亡的前5位病因主要是出生窒息、窘迫、先天性肺炎、新生儿吸人性肺炎以及先天性心脏畸形；婴儿的住院时间越长，入院情况越危急，受到医院感染的机会越大；入院婴儿平均住院日为7．089天，平均住院费用3717．834元。结论婴儿发病入院主要由于先天性疾病以及后天感染，这是家庭及社会进行婴儿健康干预与促进的重点。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

深圳市福田区电子市场职业卫生现况调查

目的了解深圳市福田区电子市场存在的主要职业卫生问题。方法对深圳市福田区8家电子市场及37间电子维修商铺进行现场卫生学调查,同时对电子市场的空气质量及维修商铺作业环境化学有害因素进行了检测。结果电子市场甲醛、可吸入颗粒物和空气细菌数合格率分别为87.5%、41.7%和83.3%;而维修商铺作业岗位化学有害因素各检测项目均符合国家卫生标准;电子市场维修商铺普遍使用有机溶剂,作业岗位普遍未设置有效的卫生防护设施,维修岗位工作人员均未使用个人防护用品及进行职业健康检查。结论深圳市福田区电子市场的职业卫生问题不容忽视,应采取相应的预防对策和措施。     

2006年米泉市城区儿童龋齿患病情况调查

[目的]了解米泉市城区儿童龋齿患病情况。[方法]对2006年米泉市城区内20所幼儿园儿童体检资料进行分析。[结果]各年龄组乳牙龋齿较普遍,6岁组患病率最高为36.27%,男童患龋率为33.79%,女童患龋率为39.19%。乳牙患龋率随儿童年龄的增长而递增,6岁最高;男女童患龋率差异无统计学意义;乳牙龋齿以第1、2乳磨牙患龋率较高,分别为67.64%、71.94%。[结论]乳牙龋发生时间早、较普遍、发展迅速、危害重,应注重防治,开展口腔保健知识宣教,养成良好的口腔卫生习惯,加强膳食管理,注意饮食结构,定期进行口腔检查,采取防龋措施,以减少乳牙患龋率。