有上消化道手术史病人的食管癌贲门癌外科治疗

1995年 10月至 2 0 0 2年 1月 ,我们外科治疗有上消化道手术史的食管癌、贲门癌病人 18例 ,现结合本组临床所见 ,对肿瘤切除的范围及肿瘤切除后对消化道重建器官的选择作一探讨。临床资料　本组病例中男 17例 ,女 1例。年龄 34～ 6 9岁 ,平均 5 6 4岁。其中贲门癌术后吻合口复发癌 7例、残胃癌 1例 ,胃溃疡胃大部切除术后贲门癌 3例 ,食管胸中段癌 1例 ,胃癌胃大部切除术后食管胸中段癌 1例、贲门癌 4例 ,食管中段癌术后并放疗后残食管癌 1例。两次手术间隔 0 5～ 34年 ,贲门癌术后吻合口复发 1年以内者 3例 ,2年以上者 4例 ,胃溃疡胃大部…     

胃大部切除术后食管癌的手术治疗

目的 探讨胃大部切除术后食管癌的手术治疗方式和效果。方法 对1972年至1998年间20例胃切除术后食管癌的手术治疗进行分析。结果 左、右后外开胸、上腹正中开腹及左颈3切口,食管癌切除、移植结肠至颈部与食管吻合,腹腔结肠与残胃吻合7例;胸腹联合切口,食管癌切除,将残胃、脾、胰体尾移入左胸内,行食管残胃弓上吻合,空肠Roux-en-Y重建消化道3例;食管残胃弓上吻合,空肠Roux-en-Y重建消化道4例;食管空肠Roux-en-Y重建消化道4例;探查并行小肠造瘘术2例。本组食管癌切除率为90．0％（18／20）。总并发症为30．0％（6／20）。1、3、5年生存率分别为90．0％、64．3％和36．4％。结论 胃大部切除术后食管癌的手术治疗需根据病变部位和病情选择手术方式。胸上段癌采用移植结肠代食管术,胸中、下段癌采用残胃及小肠代食管术,胸下段癌采用选择性小肠代食管术,其方法较为合理。残胃、脾、胰体尾移植入左胸内、食管癌切除、食管残胃吻合、空肠Roux-en-Y重建消化道可供临床作为一种新术式,值得推荐。     

食管腐蚀性烧伤后严重狭窄的外科治疗

目的探讨食管腐蚀性烧伤后狭窄的外科治疗经验及胃或横结肠代食管重建手术的应用价值。方法对98例食管腐蚀性烧伤后狭窄的患者中72例广泛食管狭窄、病变超过食管中段以上者采用横结肠代食管、保留结肠左动脉升支、胸骨后顺蠕动吻合,其中横结肠咽腔吻合18例,横结肠食管颈部吻合54例,胸段食管旷置不切除;26例狭窄位于中下段,经胸切除瘢痕段食管用胃重建食管,胃食管胸内吻合。结果结肠食管重建72例中,术后死亡4例（5．56％）,发生颈部吻合口瘘14例（19．44％）,后期出现颈部吻合口狭窄7例,经治疗后均痊愈。胃重建食管26例无手术死亡,术后发生胸内吻合口狭窄3例,经扩张治愈。结论食管腐蚀性烧伤后狭窄在伤后20～24周可积极采取食管重建术,根据食管狭窄段严重程度及位置决定是否行狭窄段食管切除、选择食管重建替代物及吻合的位置。可采用横结肠食管颈部吻合或结肠咽腔吻合术,胸内胃食管吻合术。     

间置结肠在贲门癌术后吻合口局部复发中的临床应用

目的总结间置结肠在贲门癌术后吻合口局部复发中的临床应用经验。方法回顾性分析1999年5月至2005年8月收治5例贲门癌术后吻合口局部复发的临床病例,再次手术采用带蒂结肠间置替代部分食管、残胃,行食管-带蒂结肠-十二指肠吻合。结果除1例病人术后并发肺部感染外,其余病人均无近期并发症,恢复顺利,再手术后3~4周痊愈出院。结论带蒂结肠间置替代部分食管、残胃是贲门癌术后吻合口局部复发再次手术较为理想的手术方式。     

三翼钳在胃肠道重建吻合手术中的应用(附40例报告)

目的 推荐在胃底贲门癌和直肠上段癌切除的病例,如果无条件使用胃肠吻合器,在胃肠道重建吻合时应用三翼钳。方法 我科自１９９０年７月至１９９８年１１月在胃底贲门癌和直肠上段癌切除术中,应用三翼进行胃肠道重建吻合共４０便。其中全胃切除１２便,近侧胃切除７便,直肠上段及部分乙状结肠切除２１例,重建术式有：食管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－Ｙ吻合５便,食管空肠袢式吻合２例,食管十二指肠吻合３便,横结肠间置代胃２例,食地吻合     

结肠或胃重建食管治疗食管烧伤后瘢痕狭窄100例

目的 总结结肠或胃重建食管治疗食管烧伤后瘢痕狭窄的临床经验及疗效。方法回顾分析100例应用结肠或胃重建食管烧伤后食管瘢痕狭窄的临床资料。74例未切除瘢痕段食管，结肠经胸骨后隧道上提至颈部或咽部吻合；26例经胸切除瘢痕段食管，行食管胃胸内吻合23例，颈部吻合3例。结果结肠重建食管死亡5例（6．8％），术后发生颈部吻合口瘘14例（18．9％），吻合口狭窄5例（6．8％）。26例胃重建食管者无死亡，术后发生吻合口狭窄2例，脓胸1例。结论食管烧伤后高位的广泛狭窄可旷置瘢痕段食管采用结肠重建，中下段病变能在主动脉弓下吻合者可切除瘢痕段食管用胃重建，提高外科技术可明显降低结肠重建食管的并发症。     

食管癌术后复发再次手术临床疗效分析

目的总结食管癌或贲门癌术后复发癌的再次手术治疗的临床疗效。方法食管癌术后复发行再次手术切除病人18例,其中根治性切除17例,姑息性切除1例。采用经左胸腹联合切口行残胃-食管吻合术3例;采用胸腹联合切口3例,其中2例行食管-空肠R-Y吻合术,另1例行横结肠-食管、横结肠-残胃吻合术;采用颈、胸、腹三切口,先行颈部食管-结肠吻合术、结肠-残胃或空肠吻合术12例。13例病人同期行食管癌切除术加消化道重建术,5例病人先行结肠代食管术,择期行食管癌切除术。结果无围术期死亡。术后发生颈部食管-结肠吻合口漏1例,肺部感染4例,腹部切口感染1例,均经治疗后痊愈。所有病例均获随访,1例姑息性切除病人于术后13个月死亡。结论对于复发食管癌肿较局限的病人,如病人体质允许,掌握手术指征,采取积极的再次手术治疗可延长病人生存时间。     

食管癌切除结肠代食管术44例

我们于１９８９年３月至１９９３年８月间，为４４例食管癌病人行食管癌切除、结肠代食管术。包括上段癌２３例，中段癌１８例，下段癌３例；其中上段癌病变长于７ｃｍ者６例，中段癌病变长于８ｃｍ者５例及下段癌中２例既往曾行胃大部切除术且病变长于９ｃｍ者均先行术前放疗，放疗剂量为３０～４０Ｇｙ。４０例（９０．９％）以结肠左动脉升支供血的横结肠行顺蠕动方向吻合，结果手术死亡１例，颈部吻合口瘘９例（２０．４５％）。我们认为本术式对中、上段癌病人疗效较满意，建议多采用以结肠左动脉为血供的横结肠作为移植段行顺蠕动方向吻合，为减少术后并发症，应注意加强病人围手术期的处置和护理。     

近端胃大部切除空肠袢间置重建消化道治疗体会

目的探讨贲门及胃体上1/3区域癌(癌直径<4cm)近端胃大部切除术后消化道的重建方式。方法2001~2004年我院对12例贲门及胃体上1/3区域早期癌行近端胃大部切除空肠袢间置消化道重建术。结果12例均获随访,最长3年,最短1年,随访期间摄食、体重,反流、吞咽困难,均较残胃与食管吻合有明显改善。结论在近端胃大部切除术中采用空肠袢间置重建消化道,病人生活质量有明显提高,是一种较理想的重建方式。     

横结肠间置代胃治疗贲门癌胃癌

通过Ｘ线钡餐造影、食管镜检查与组织活检及随访，对２５例贲门癌、胃癌全胃切除后采用带蒂横结肠间置代胃术的病人进行临床研究，证实横结肠间置代胃有明显的食物贮存作用，并可预防或减少反流性食管炎。因此认为横结肠间置代胃是全胃切除后重建消化道的理想术式。     

圆形吻合器在胸内食管重建中的应用

目的 总结食管癌和贲门癌切除术后圆形吻合器在胸内食管重建中的应用及效果.方法 1996年6月至2007年4月大坪医院采用SDH/CDH25圆形吻合器行胸内食管吻合744例,其中食管癌658例,贲门癌86例;胸腔顶部或主动脉弓上吻合402例,弓下吻合317例,全胃切除25例(结肠代食管21例,空肠代胃4例).结果 术中食管胃吻合口出血5例.术后因ARDS、感染性休克及肝功能衰竭死亡各1例.出现精神症状5例,肺部并发症34例,吻合口瘘4例,吻合口狭窄20例.25例术后3周行食管测压及24 h pH值测定,发现食管残腔内、吻合15及胸胃内压力分别为(-0.2±2.0)、(11.2±4.4)及(2.4±1.5)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa);13例DeMeester积分异常(＞14.72),3例发生反流症状,抗酸治疗1.0～2.2个月后缓解.随访3～38个月,13例DeMeester积分异常患者中,2例24 h pH值恢复正常,9例改善不明显,2例死于肿瘤复发和转移.结论 应用圆形吻合器行胸内食管吻合较安全可靠,能明显降低吻合口瘘等并发症的发生.     

Cytophotometric DNA analysis of early esophageal carcinoma

In four patients with early esophageal carcinoma who underwent radical surgery, one died of cancer recurrence 13 months after surgery, two had an uneventful postoperative course after over five years and one succumbed to an incidental pneumonia 18 months postoperatively. Cytophotometric DNA analysis of the cancer cells reflected well the outcome of these patients. One recurrent patient had malignant pattern similar to that seen in usual advanced carcinoma of the esophagus, whereas the remaining three patient without recurrence throughout the postoperative course showed less malignant patterns. These result ssuggested the potential usefulness of cytophotometric DNA analysis in assessing the prognosis of early esophageal carcinoma.     

胃手术后患者中、上段食管癌的外科治疗

目的探讨胃手术后再患食管中、上段癌的外科治疗方法。方法回顾分析1980—2004年收治的86例胃手术后食管癌患者的临床资料。食管中段癌50例,上段癌31例,颈段5例。TNM分期：Ⅰ期16例,Ⅱa期62例,Ⅱb期5例,Ⅲ期3例。既往曾行全胃或胃部分切除术,术后至诊断为食管癌的时间为2～22年。手术术式：病变食管切除以残胃上提代食管2例,倒置胃管代食管3例,短段带血管蒂结肠问置代食管5例,长段血管蒂结肠代食管74例,空肠造口减状术2例。结果术后30d内出现并发症10例(12％),经处理治愈。76例(88％)病变食管切除,恢复正常进食;7例(8％)病变食管旷置,经口进食;2例空肠造口给肠内营养;1例死亡。术后随访67例,术后1,3,5年生存率分别为84％(56／67),57％(38／67)和22％(15／67)。结论胃手术后再患食管中、上段癌患者的治疗仍首选手术切除病变食管,大部分的病例可采用结肠代食管。     

胃大部切除术后食管癌手术方法分析

目的探讨胃大部切除术后食管癌患者手术治疗方式的选择。方法自2006年1月至2010年6月,我院收治8例有胃大部切除术史的食管癌患者,对其治疗方法进行分析。食管癌切除,结肠代食管4例;3例腹腔粘连,结肠无法游离,将残胃连同脾脏及胰体尾移入胸腔,残胃代食管完成食管癌根治手术;1例腹腔广泛粘连无法分离放弃手术。术后给予抗感染、抑酸、空肠营养支持等处理。结果3例残胃代食管手术后恢复快,无并发症;4例结肠代食管患者中,2例恢复良好,1例术后肠粘连梗阻并出现下消化道出血,1例术后第5天出现吻合口瘘,给予对症支持治疗后均治愈出院。结论胃大部切除术后食管癌患者,结肠代食管是常见术式,腹腔粘连较重时,将残胃连同脾脏及胰体尾移入胸腔,在弓下或弓上与食管吻合,残胃代食管完成食管癌根治手术是一种安全、有效的手术方法,并发症少,术后恢复快。     

Esophageal carcinoma cuniculatum: report of 9 cases

Carcinoma cuniculatum, a unique variant of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, has been only rarely reported in the esophagus. We report 9 cases of esophageal carcinoma cuniculatum diagnosed on esophagectomy specimens in 7 men and 2 women during a 20-year period. All but 1 of the patients presented with persistent or progressive dysphagia. All patients had an esophageal mass or lesion on endoscopic examination. In 8 cases (88.8%), the tumor was located in the distal esophagus. Burrowing was noted on the tumor surface in 2 recent cases on macroscopic examination. All carcinomas were invasive either at the mucosa (n=2), submucosa (n=1), muscularis propria (n=4), adventitia (n=3), or adventitia and lung (n=1). All carcinomas demonstrated a common histologic pattern characterized by hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, dyskeratosis, abnormal keratinization, keratin-filled cyst/furrows, koilocyte-like cells, intraepithelial neutrophils, and focal cytologic atypia. In situ hybridization for human papillomavirus subtypes was negative in all 10 tumors tested. None of the cases showed lymph node metastasis. Two patients died postoperatively due to complications. The remaining patients were followed up for a median duration of 84 months (48 to 214 mo). During the follow-up period, 3 patients died 49, 66, and 214 months after esophagectomy at the ages of 66, 68, and 91 years, respectively; death in these 3 cases was not related to recurrence/metastases of esophageal cancer. Four patients were alive without disease at 48, 49, 84, and 87 months after curative resection. Our report identifies a common histomorphologic pattern of esophageal carcinoma cuniculatum and supports the fact that surgical resection of the tumor by esophagectomy provides long-term survival even in patients with T3 tumor.     

Local recurrence after radical surgery for colorectal cancer

Local recurrence of colorectal cancer after curative surgery is a major clinical problem. The aim of our study was to present our experience in this field. Between January 1990 and December 2000, 572 patients underwent resection for colorectal cancer in our department; 66 of them had local recurrence within the first 2 years. Most of those patients had Dukes' stage B (n = 24) or stage C (n = 37) tumors, which were located mainly in the rectum (n = 40) and sigmoid colon (n = 18). The incidence of local recurrence was 11% and 15.9% for tumors that were Dukes' stages B and C, respectively. Thirty-five of 66 patients received palliative treatment, and 28 of them died within 9 months. The remaining 31 patients underwent radical excision of the recurrent tumor: 11 of these patients died within 2 years, and 20 were still alive after 30 months. The only hope for long-term survival for patients presenting with local recurrence from colorectal cancer after primary radical treatment is to identify local recurrence at an early stage and treat it in a radical manner.     

结肠间置术治疗胃切除术后食管癌

目的 探讨结肠间置术治疗胃切除术后食管癌的疗效。方法 对26例胃切除术后食管癌患的手术方式、并发症、治疗结果及术后胃肠功能进行分析。结果 1例移植段结肠颈段坏死，4例颈部吻合口瘘，1例术后8d死于急性心肌梗死。结肠顺蠕动间置18例，1年生存率77．8％，2年生存率44．5％；结肠逆蠕动间置8例，1年生存率62．5％，2年生存率37．5％。胃肠功能等级评定显示，结肠顺蠕动间置术后胃肠功能优于结肠逆蠕动间置。结论 胃切除术后腹膜腔的严重粘连和胃空肠吻合口的压迫可导致横结肠短缩和结肠左动脉分支变细。手术中应力争行结肠顺蠕动间置。     

Photodynamic therapy for esophageal tumors

Between 1982 and 1987, 40 patients with esophageal tumors (19 adenocarcinomas, 19 squamous carcinomas, and two melanomas) in whom conventional treatments were unsuccessful were treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) after injection with either hematoporphyrin derivative or dihematoporphyrin ether. Patients underwent endoscopy again two to three days and one month after PDT and as needed when symptoms recurred. At one month, the average minimal diameter opening of 28 assessable tumors increased from 6 to 9 mm. Of the 35 patients who could be evaluated one month after PDT, the average improvement in food intake was from a liquid to a soft diet. Average survival time (from time of first treatment) was 7.7 months (n = 17) for adenocarcinoma, 5.8 months (n = 12) for squamous cell carcinoma, and 25 months (n = 2) for melanoma. Two patients with stage I adenocarcinoma were alive with no evidence of disease at 11 and 23 months. One patient with stage I squamous cell cancer died 18 months after PDT, with recurrence of tumor above the treated area noted eight months after treatment. One patient with stage I melanoma died of a synchronous colon cancer 31 months after PDT, with no evidence of residual melanoma.     

Clinicopathological features of early gastric cancer: results of 100 cases from a rural general hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate 100 patients with early gastric cancer from the point of view of early detection, clinicopathological variables, and long term results. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Rural general hospital, Japan. SUBJECTS: 100 patients with early gastric cancer (confined to the epithelium, lamina propria, or submucosa) out of a total of 197 who had gastric cancers resected for cure between May 1986 and April 1996. INTERVENTIONS: Subtotal gastrectomy (n = 87), total gastrectomy (n = 8), proximal gastrectomy (n = 2), and local wedge resection (n = 3). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Histopathological features and outcome. RESULTS: The mean annual incidence of early gastric cancer was 51% (range 35%-70%). 16/59 patients with mucosal cancer (37%) and 18/41 with submucosal cancer (44%) presented with symptoms of the disease. The diagnosis was made in 62 by endoscopy, and in only 2 by upper gastrointestinal radiographic examination. None of the 59 with mucosal cancer had lymphatic invasion, and only 1 had a lymph node metastasis. Among the 41 with submucosal cancer, however, 15 had lymphatic invasion (37%), 13 had venous invasion (32%), and 2 had lymph node metastases (5%). 83 patients were alive with no sign of recurrence at the time of writing (median follow up 62 months, range 12-136). One patient with a tumour that produced alpha-fetoprotein died of hepatic metastases 23 months after subtotal gastrectomy. 9 patients developed second cancers, and 6 died of these with no signs of recurrence of early gastric cancer. The overall 5 and 10 year survival rates were 82% and 66%, and the corresponding disease-specific survival rates for 85 patients were both 98%. CONCLUSIONS: Excellent long term results can be achieved in the treatment of early gastric cancer, even in a non-specialist centre. Patients with early gastric cancer should have their alpha-fetoprotein concentration measured, and be examined for the presence of other malignant disease both before and after treatment of the gastric cancer.