非体外循环下冠状动脉架桥术患者围术期心肌酶的动态变化

目的了解非体外循环下冠状动脉架桥术(OPCAB)患者围术期心肌酶的动态变化.方法13例OPCAB患者术前1 d,术后1、3、5、8 d晨分别取静脉血,测定血清天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、磷酸肌酸激酶及同功酶MB(CK,CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶及同功酶1(LDH,LDH-1).结果择期手术的OPCAB患者术前5种心肌酶均在正常范围,术后1 d达到高峰(P＜0.05);术后3 d CK-MB恢复到正常范围,其他心肌酶比术前测定值高,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后5 d CK,术后8 d LDH、LDH-1恢复到正常水平,AST在手术后的所有测定值与手术前测定值相比差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论择期OPCAB患者术前5种心肌酶均在正常范围;术后1 d达最高峰,CK-MB恢复最快,LDH和LDH-1恢复最慢.OPCAB是一种对心肌损伤很小的手术方法.     

70岁以上老年人冠状动脉旁路移植术的心肌保护

目的　对比观察非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)与体外循环下微温血和冷血停搏液灌注冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)对老年患者的心肌保护效果。　方法　将 4 5例 70岁以上行CABG患者随机分为 3组 ,OPCAB组、间断微温血和冷血含氧心脏停搏液灌注组各 1 5例。 3组患者术前心功能、性别、年龄、冠状动脉病变情况差异无显著性 ;各组于围术期不同时点分别抽取静脉血测定肌酸激酶同工酶 (CK MB)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)及观察围术期监护情况。　结果　OPCAB组术中、术后各时点CK MB、cTnI与微温血和冷血CABG组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;CK MB在冷血CABG组术后 1d达到峰值 (5 7 75± 34 2 4 )U/L ,此时点OPCAB组和微温血CABG组CK MB值分别为 (2 2 6 4± 1 2 0 5 )和 (42 85± 2 9 0 4 )U/L ,cTnI在OPCAB组术后 6h达到峰值 (0 6 9± 0 2 0 )μg/L ,而微温CABG组与冷血CABG组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,OPCAB组围术期监护情况明显优于微温和冷血停搏CABG组 (P <0 0 5 )。　结论　对老年冠心病患者心肌保护中 ,OPCAB组心肌保护效果优于CABG组 ,微温血CABG组优于冷血CABG组。与CK MB相比 ,cTnI是评价心肌损害较敏感和特异的指标     

非体外与体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术病人的心肌酶变化

目的 比较患者在非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,OPCAB)与体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,CCABG)围术期心肌酶的变化.方法 择期手术的冠心病患者52例,分为OPCAB组和CCABG组.分别于术前1天,术后1,3,5,8日晨测定血清天冬氨酸转氨酶(glutamic-oxal (o)acetic transaminase,GOT),肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)及心肌型肌酸激酶同工酶MB(MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase,CK-MB),乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)及同工酶1(LDH-1).结果 两组择期手术的冠心病患者术前心肌酶的测定结果均在正常范围;术后第1天两组的心肌酶释放达到高峰(P＜0.05),术后第3天均有不同程度的恢复;OPCAB组的所有心肌酶释放量与手术前相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),CCABG组的CK-MB也恢复到手术前水平(P＞0.05),但CCABG组在术后第5天和第8天的LDH和LDH-1仍明显高于术前水平(P＜0.05);两组病人术后第3天的CK-MB恢复到术前水平,但CCABG组其他心肌酶在术后第1天和第3天都明显高于OPCAB组(P＜0.05),CCABG组在术后第5天和第8天的LDH和LDH-1仍明显高于OPCAB的对应值(P＜0.05).结论 OPCAB组的心肌的损伤要轻于CCABG组,表现为心肌酶的释放少而且恢复快.     

心肌酶谱和肌红蛋白在早期反映射频消融心肌损伤中的评价

目的：比较肌红蛋白与心肌酶谱在反映心肌损伤中的敏感性，探讨心肌损伤与射频消融能量之间的关系。方法：73例室上性心动过速（室上速）患者分别在血管穿刺术后、心内电生理检查后，射频消融术后即刻和术后第3天检测心肌酶学指标与肌红蛋白，计算各个亚组的消融总能量。结果：射频肖融术后，AST、LDH、HBDH和Mb浓度升高，且以Mb的升高幅度最大，LDH次之，而CK及CK－MB在整体上没有差别。术后第3天，所有指标均恢复到基线水平。LDH、HB－DH和Mb的升高主要表现在右侧旁路组和AVNRT组中，而且血浆水平与各个亚组的射频消融总能量成正比，结论：心肌酶学指标可以反映射频肖融产生的心肌损伤，早期反映射频消融后心肌损伤的指标以肌红蛋白最敏感，LDH次之，然后为HBDH和AST，而CK和CK－MB变化不大；心肌酶学指标的升高程度与消频消融总量成正比，右心消融（右侧旁道和AVNRT）的心肌损伤程度重于左心消融（左侧旁道）。     

心肌损伤标志物对心肌梗死与心绞痛的鉴别诊断效率评价

目的评价几种心肌损伤标志物用于急性心肌梗死(AMI)与心绞痛的鉴别诊断效率。方法选择解放军第306医院2002年11月至2004年11月收治的住院患者188例,其中AMI组92例,心绞痛组96例。肌钙蛋白I(TnI)和肌红蛋白(Myo)测定用化学发光法,肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(HBDH)用酶动力连续监测法,超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)用增强胶乳免疫浊度法。采用受试者操作特性曲线(ROC)分析曲线下面积和敏感度、特异性。结果AMI发生≤6h的ROC曲线下的面积依次为Myo0·92、TnI0·92、CK0·81、CK-MB0·81、AST0·78、hs-CRP0·73、LDH0·70、HBDH0·65;AMI发生>6h依次为TnI0·93、AST0·86、CK-MB0·84、CK0·80、Myo0·76、HBDH0·72、LDH0·70、hs-CRP0·56;AMI发生≤6h的敏感性和特异性TnI0·87和0·90、Myo0·96和0·78、CK0·83和0·67、CK-MB0·65和0·82、AST0·69和0·77、LDH0·64和0·73、HBDH0·71和0·65、hs-CRP0·64和0·82。阳性似然比最高为TnI8·8,阴性似然比最低为Myo0·05。结论AMI与心绞痛鉴别诊断效率依次为TnI、Myo、CK-MB、CK;Myo在AMI发作6h以后的诊断效率降低,AST、LDH、HBDH仍有意义。     

新生儿窒息合并心肌损害血清心肌酶变化

目的了解新生儿窒息后心脏损害和血清心肌酶变化的关系。方法选择12例窒息新生儿和10例正常新生儿于生后24h内取静脉血检测谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(-αHBDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB),并作心电图检查。结果窒息组生后血清AST、LDH、-αHBDH、CK、CK-MB明显高于对照组,两者差异有非常显著性(P<0.01);窒息组心电图均有各种异常改变。结论窒息新生儿通过早期监测血清心肌酶变化和心电图,可及早诊断和防治心肌损害。     

老年百草枯中毒患者血清酶学水平的动态变化

目的探讨老年百草枯中毒患者血清酶学水平的动态变化。方法选取56例老年百草枯中毒患者作为研究组,同期体检的健康人群70例作为健康对照组。检测老年百草枯中毒患者血清肌酸激酶(CK)、CK同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、碱性磷酸酶(AST)等指标。结果与健康对照组比较,中毒第1天轻度组血清CK、CK-MB、LDH、AST水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但中度组和重度组患者血清CK、CK-MB、LDH、AST水平均高于健康对照组(P0.05);且三组间两两比较均有统计学差异(P0.05)。轻度组血清CK、CK-MB、LDH、AST水平在第3天达峰值,但在第7天开始下降。中度组和重度组血清CK、CK-MB、LDH、AST水平不断升高,在第7天达到峰值。第3、7天时,三组间血清CK、CK-MB、LDH、AST水平两两比较均有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论百草枯中毒可造成老年患者心肌损害持续性加重,且心肌损害程度与百草枯中毒程度相关。     

麻疹并肺炎患儿心肌酶谱的动态变化

目的探讨麻疹并肺炎患儿心肌酶谱在皮疹出现后第2、3、4、7、8天的变化范围及走势。方法对369例年龄2～36个月麻疹并肺炎患儿的疹后第2、3、4、7、8天心肌酶化验数据进行统计分析,得出其平均值及标准差,从而得到心肌酶的变化范围、走势及化验值高于正常值的百分率。结果在369例麻疹并肺炎患儿中,心肌酶AST、LDH、CK、CKMB平均值均在疹后第3天达最高峰,HBDH的平均值高峰出现在疹后第4天;除AST外,疹后第7、8天平均值均低于疹后第2、3、4天,AST、HBDH平均值在疹后第8天较前略有回升,尤其AST甚至高于疹后第2、4天。LDH、HBDH两酶化验数值高于正常高界的患儿百分率接近甚至达100%,AST、CKMB两酶化验数值高于正常高界的百分率多在50%～80%,CK化验数值高于正常高界的患儿百分率最低,在10%～20%,于疹后第8天低至5.77%。各标准差、患儿心肌酶化验值超过正常高值的百分率一般与相应平均值成平行变化。结论患儿在病毒感染急性期心肌酶升至高值,LDH、HBDH敏感性较高,在与其他病毒感染的皮疹较难区分时,可初步作为鉴别诊断的条件。     

危重症患者血清心肌酶及心肌肌钙蛋白T升高的临床意义

目的探讨心肌酶及心肌肌钙蛋白T对于除急性心肌梗死以外危重症患者预后判断的价值。方法检测多例评分APACHE-Ⅱ≥9分的患者血清肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)及其同功酶(CK-MB)和心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTNT)与正常对照组进行比较研究。结果在危重症患者中发病6h内、24h、48h、72h,CK、CK-MB及cTNT值明显高于正常对照组,其中评分越高的患者检测结果越高。死亡组的CK、CK-MB及cTNT水平均显著高于存活组。结论危重症患者检测血清CK、CK-MB及cTNT有助于对患者预后的判断,具有重要临床意义。     

心肌肌钙蛋白I测定对判定体外循环心内直视手术心肌损伤的价值

目的探讨心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)的测定对体外循环心内直视手术心肌损伤的判定价值。方法40例心脏瓣膜置换手术患者随机分为两组,冷晶体停跳液组(A组),温血停跳液组(B组),每组20例,分别于围术期多时点采取中心静脉血,测定血清cTnl、CK及CK—MB的水平。结果术前两组患者的cTnI、CK及CK—MB水平均在正常范围,开放主动脉后1h至术后24h达峰值,其后缓慢下降。术后24h、48h B组cTnI水平明显低于A组(P＜0．05)。CK—MB在开放主动脉后1hB组低于A组(P＜0．05)。cTnI峰值浓度与主动脉阻时间呈直线正相关(P＜0．05)。结论cTnI判定心内直视手术围术期心肌损伤的敏感性及特异性明显优于CK、CK—MB,对围术期心肌缺血损伤的诊断、预后及心肌保护效果的评价具有重要的临床价值。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.