穴位注射联合球囊扩张术对真性球麻痹患者的康复疗效分析

目的:探讨穴位注射联合球囊扩张术对真性球麻痹患者的康复疗效。方法:选取2016年1月～2018年6月三门峡市中心医院收治的40例真性球麻痹患者为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将研究对象均分为两组。观察组20例采用穴位注射联合球囊扩张术治疗,对照组20例采用球囊扩张术治疗,辅以普通针刺、局部神经肌肉电刺激、经口进食吞咽训练、口颜面运动训练等常规康复治疗措施。对比两组临床疗效和神经功能缺损评分。结果:观察组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前,两组NIHSS评分比较无显著差异(P0.05);治疗后观察组NIHSS评分明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:穴位注射针药并用可促进患者受损神经恢复,球囊扩张术可促进患者环咽肌肌张力恢复,穴位注射联合球囊扩张术可有效改善真性球麻痹患者吞咽功能,促进患者恢复。     

胃镜下硬化剂注射联合药物治疗食管静脉曲张出血

目的观察比较胃镜下硬化剂注射联合药物治疗和单纯硬化剂注射治疗、药物治疗食管静脉曲张出血的疗效。方法95例肝硬化并食管静脉曲张出血患者,分成3组。32例患者给予硬化剂注射联合药物治疗;31例患者给予硬化剂治疗;32例患者给予药物治疗。观察3组患者急诊止血率、近期出血率、远期再出血率、曲张静脉消失率及曲张静脉复发率。结果联合组、硬化剂组及药物组急诊止血率分别为93.8%、90.3%和68.8%;联合组、硬化剂组及药物组近期出血率分别为6.3%、9.7%和46.9%;联合组、硬化剂组及药物组曲张静脉消失率分别为90.6%、83.9%和1.9%;联合组、硬化组与药物组急诊止血率、近期出血率、曲张静脉消失率差异有显著性。联合组、硬化剂组及药物组远期出血率分别为9.4%、59.4%和31.3%;联合组、硬化剂组及药物组曲张静脉复发率分别为18.8%、45.2%和87.5%;联合组与硬化组、药物组远期出血率、曲张静脉复发率差异有显著性。结论胃镜下硬化剂注射联合药物治疗食管静脉曲张出血可显著提高疗效。     

硬化剂注射治疗胃Dieulafoy病

目的：评价硬化剂注射对胃内Dieulafoy病的治疗效果。方法：对16例胃内Dieulafoy病引起上消化道出血的患者进行内镜下硬化剂注射治疗。并对临床及治疗效果进行分析。结果：15例患者经注射后上血成功。一次注射止血成功者13例（81．2％）。再次注射上血成功者2例,（13．3％）。由于活动出血未能控制而需手术治疗者1例。随访1年,无一例再发生出血。结论胃Dieulafoy病引起的出血可以成功地采用内镜下注射硬化剂止血,该方法简单且疗效良好,临床上值得首先选用。     

颈夹脊穴位注射治疗椎动脉型颈椎病及对血液流变学的影响

目的:观察颈夹脊穴穴位注射治疗椎动脉型颈椎病(CSA)的临床疗效及对血液流变学的影响。方法:60例CSA患者随机分为A、B2组各30例,2组均取C5-6夹脊穴,A组复方当归注射液注射,隔日1次;B组电针治疗,每日1次。治疗前后观察2组患者的临床疗效及血液流变学的变化。结果:治疗14d后,2组临床症状及体征总积分与治疗前比较均明显下降(P0.01);总有效率比较,A、B组差异无统计学意义(96.7%与93.3%);血液流变学的部分指标2组均明显低于治疗前(P0.05,0.01)。A组全血黏度中、低切明显低于B组(P0.01)。结论:颈夹脊穴穴位注射和电针疗法对CSA均有较好的临床疗效并能改善患者血液流变学的含量,当归穴位注射对血液流变学的作用更明显。     

内镜下硬化剂注射术治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血后并发食管狭窄的内镜下治疗效果（附12例报告）

目的 探索内镜下硬化剂注射术（EIS）治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血后并发食管狭窄的内镜下治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析2018年6月-2021年9月杭州市西溪医院12例应用EIS治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血后并发食管狭窄的患者的临床资料。结果 7例经内镜下球囊扩张术（1～3次）后,吞咽困难症状好转;2例经4次球囊扩张术,再经内镜下瘢痕切开术后,吞咽困难症状才得到缓解;1例经2次球囊扩张术,再经内镜下瘢痕切开术及口服激素治疗后,食管狭窄好转;2例直接行内镜下瘢痕切开术,吞咽困难症状得到缓解。结论 内镜下球囊扩张术是治疗EIS术后并发食管狭窄较为常用的方法,但需要反复多次治疗;内镜下瘢痕切开术能较准确地切开食管狭窄瘢痕组织,疗效较好,但病例数较少,需要今后更多样本量的研究,进一步评估疗效。     

气囊扩张与肉毒杆菌毒素注射治疗贲门失弛缓症疗效分析

目的:分别观察气囊扩张和肉毒杆菌毒素局部注射两种方法治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效。方法:20例采用SY-哑铃型气囊导管贲门失弛缓扩张器进行扩张治疗,20例应用肉毒杆菌毒素在内镜下用硬化剂针分点注射。结果:气囊扩张1个月的治疗有效率99.50%,6个月的有效率96.00%;12个月的有效率90.00%;24个月后有效率85.00%;75%的患者1次扩张疗效可维持5年以上。肉毒杆菌毒素局部注射1个月有效率为95.00%,6个月后有效率为70.00%;12个月后有效率为65.00%;24个月后有效率50.00%。结论:扩张治疗是一种较满意的治疗方法,其复发率及治疗费用低,在内镜直视下由富有经验的医师操作完全可避免并发症的发生,而肉毒杆菌毒素治疗操作简单、安全,但治疗费用及复发率高,对不适于进行扩张治疗的患者可选择该治疗方法。     

胃镜下硬化剂注射联合药物治疗食管静脉曲张出血

目的：观察比较胃镜下硬化剂注射联合药物治疗和单纯硬化剂注射治疗、药物治疗食管静脉曲张出血的疗效。方法：95例肝硬化并食管静脉曲张出血患者,分成三组。32例患者给予硬化剂注射联合药物治疗,31例患者给予硬化剂治疗,32例患者给予药物治疗。观察三组患者急诊止血率,近期出血率、远期再出血率、曲张静脉消失率、曲张静脉复发率。结果：联合组、硬化剂组、药物组急诊止血率分别为93.8%、90.3%、68.8%;联合组、硬化剂组、药物组近期出血率分别为6.3%、9.7%、46.9%;联合组、硬化剂组、药物组曲张静脉消失率分别为90.6%、83.9%、1.9%;联合组、硬化组与药物组急诊止血率、近期出血率、曲张静脉消失率有显著差异。联合组、硬化剂组、药物组远期出血率分别为9.4%、59.4%、31.3%;联合组、硬化剂组、药物组曲张静脉复发率分别为18.8%、45.2%、87.5%;联合组与硬化组、药物组远期出血率、曲张静脉复发率有显著差异。结论：胃镜下硬化剂注射联合药物治疗食管静脉曲张出血可显著提高疗效。     

超短波联合臭氧注射治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床研究

目的 比较单纯膝关节腔臭氧注射和关节腔臭氧注射联合超短波治疗膝关节骨性关节炎(OA)的临床疗效.方法 162例单侧OA患者,随机分为单纯膝关节腔臭氧注射组(A组:n=80)和关节腔臭氧注射联合超短波治疗组(B组:n=82):A组,连续4次为1个疗程;B组,关节腔注射治疗同A组,联合超短波治疗,根据膝关节症状情况可用前后或内外侧对置,剂量调至温热量,每次20分钟,每日1次,10次为1疗程,治疗第2天开始超短波治疗.结果 A组患者治疗后72小时:优40例,良34例,可5例,差1例,优良率为92.5％;B组患者治疗后72小时:优42例、良36例、可4例、差0例,优良率为95.1％,两组比较差异无显著性.A组在各随访时期的疗效:治疗后1个月、3个月的NRS评分分别为3.1±1.4、3.4±1.3,优良率分别为78.8％、67.5％;B组在各随访时期的疗效:治疗后1个月、3个月的NRS评分分别为1.5±1.0、1.6±1.2,优良率分别为90.3％、87.8％;两组治疗后1、3个月时段比较差异有显著性.两组患者在术中及术后均未见明显不良反应.结论 单纯膝关节腔臭氧注射和关节腔臭氧注射联合超短波均能有效地治疗膝关节骨性关节炎,但关节腔臭氧注射联合超短波,其作为一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法,且中远期疗效佳,值得临床推广.     

14例冠心病切割球囊腔内成形术的体会

目的:切割球囊冠状动脉腔内成形术的疗效评价.方法:对14例冠心痛患者17处病变行切割球囊扩张治疗,分析并短期随诊.结果:17处病变血管直接切割球囊治疗.由于全部病变为A型,成功率100%,7例支架内再狭窄全部扩张成功.17处病变血管切割球囊扩张后置入支架8例,无心包填塞,急性闭塞,急性心肌梗死及急诊冠脉旁路术发生,随访2～23个月,2例患者出现心绞痛,4例复查造影,1例发生再狭窄.结论:切割球囊冠脉腔内成行术安全、有效、短期疗效好.     

穴位注射治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍70例

目的:观察穴位注射治疗对脑卒中后吞咽障碍的疗效。方法:脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者70例,随机分为A、B2组各35例,均给予神经内科常规治疗,A组患者加用风池穴丹香冠心注射液注射,每日1次。结果:治疗3次后,2组吞咽功能评分均较治疗前明显提高(P0.05),A组明显高于B组(P0.05);临床疗效比较,A组总有效率明显高于B组(85.7%、57.1%,P0.05)。结论:穴位注射对改善脑卒中吞咽障碍有明显促进作用。     

肉毒杆菌毒素局部注射联合小气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的：探讨肉毒杆菌毒素（BT）联合小气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效及食管动力学变化.方法：29例贲门失弛缓症患者, 在内镜直视下行食管下部括约肌（LES）内注射 BT联合小气囊扩张治疗,进行症状评分及食管测压检查.结果：29例患者临床症状较治疗前明显改善（P＜0.05）;食管下部括约肌压力（LESP）,松弛率（LESRR）明显降低（P＜0.01）;治疗前后食管体部均为非推进性蠕动波.结论：经内镜注射BT联合小气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症可明显缓解患者的临床症状,改善食管动力,是一种简单、安全、有效的治疗方法.     

气囊扩张与肉毒毒素注射序贯联合治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床研究

目的 研究气囊扩张序贯联合A型肉毒毒素注射治疗贲门失弛缓症的近、远期疗效。方法 43例被确诊原发性贲门失弛缓症的患者随机分成两组：A组接受单纯气囊扩张治疗；B组接受气囊扩张治疗1周后，在内镜直视下LES内注射A型肉毒毒素治疗。分别于治疗后1、3、6、12和24个月随访观察患者的临床症状评分、贲门口内径、5min存留钡柱高度等。结果 治疗后3个月两组的近期疗效显著，但无统计学差异。治疗后6、12和24个月B组的有效率分别为72．2％、61．1％、40％，高于气囊扩张治疗组36％、28％、16％，有统计学差异，其中治疗后12、24个月序贯联合组的有效率显著高于气囊扩张治疗组。A组有9例分别于治疗后8、12、17个月因再次出现进食困难进行再次扩张。结论 气囊扩张序贯联合食管下括约肌内注射A型肉毒毒素治疗技术操作简单，安全性高，治疗费用经济，且近远期疗效高，是兼顾病因治疗、对症治疗行之有效的方法之一。     

Pneumatic balloon dilation for esophageal achalasia

Pneumatic balloon dilation remains the medical treatment of choice for patients with achalasia. It is superior to other medical therapies including intrasphincteric botulinum toxin injection. The overall efficacy rate for long-term excellent or good result is 80 to 85%. It is extremely important that the endoscopist be quite experienced in the technique of pneumatic dilation and develop a standard protocol to minimize the complications. The technique of graded balloon dilation starting with 3.0-cm Rigiflex balloon as the initial dilator and progressing to 3.5-cm and 4.0-cm balloon in absence of response to previous balloon size offers the safest approach. Patients not responding to three serial dilations should be offered surgery, although some patients may prefer repeat dilations to surgery. The overall complication rate for Rigiflex dilation is about 3% and for Witzel dilation is about 6%. Some patients will develop GER when measured by 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring, but most patients remain asymptomatic.     

Treatment of achalasia: botulinum toxin injection vs. pneumatic balloon dilation. A prospective study with long-term follow-Up.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: In patients with achalasia, intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin (BTX) has been suggested as an alternative regimen to balloon dilation and has been shown to be superior to placebo injection. The aim of the present study was to test the effectiveness, the long-term outcome and the cumulative costs of BTX injection in consecutive patients with symptomatic achalasia in comparison with pneumatic balloon dilation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 37 patients, who presented with symptomatic achalasia between January 1994 and December 1996 were treated with either BTX injection (n = 23) or pneumatic dilation (n = 14). Patients with short-term or long-term symptomatic failures of the initial procedure were treated again, either with the same or with the alternative method, depending on the initial response and on the patient's wish. Symptoms were assessed using a global symptom score (0 - 10) which was evaluated before treatment and 1 week, 1 month and then every 6 months after the treatment. In addition, body weight and recurrence of symptoms were noted and manometry was carried out before and after treatment. The patients were regularly contacted for the long-term follow-up. RESULTS: There were significant improvements in the global symptom scores of all patients treated, in both the BTX injection group (before 8.2 +/- 1.3, after 3.0 +/- 1.6) and the dilation group (before 8.3 +/- 1.1, after 2.3 +/- 1.9). There was also a significant decrease of lower esophageal sphincter pressure after treatment in the BTX group and the dilation group. There were no significant differences with regard to overall treatment failure and long-term outcome between patients who had or had not received previous treatment. No major complications were encountered in either group. An actuarial analysis over 48 months comparing patients receiving BTX injection or balloon dilation demonstrated that after 12 months neither therapy was significantly superior. After 24 months a single pneumatic dilation was superior to a single BTX injection, and after 48 months all patients treated by BTX injection had experienced a symptomatic relapse. In contrast, 35 % of all patients treated by dilation and 45 % of patients treated successfully by dilation were still symptom-free in an intention-to-treat analysis after 48 months. When the overall costs of treatment and further treatment after recurrence were compared, dilation and BTX injection showed a similar cost-effectiveness (costs per symptom-free day) after 48 months. CONCLUSIONS: BTX injection, which can be performed in an outpatient setting, is as safe and cost-effective as balloon dilation in symptomatic achalasia. Taking into account the lower long-term efficacy of BTX injection therapy, however, it is an alternative only in a minority of older or high-risk patients.     

Esophageal achalasia: intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin A versus balloon dilation.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: In patients with esophageal achalasia, pneumatic dilation is the treatment of choice, but it bears the risk of perforation in about 4% of cases. A new nonsurgical method, intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin A, has shown promising initial results, and we thus undertook this study to compare the long-term outcome of these two methods. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective randomized study, 24 patients with definitive esophageal achalasia were divided into two equal groups and underwent either balloon dilation or injection of botulinum toxin (20 U injected into each of the four quadrants in the lower esophageal sphincter). The outcome was assessed on the basis of a symptom score documented before treatment and at regular intervals for two and a half years thereafter. Complications associated with the two techniques were also documented. RESULTS: No relevant complication occurred in either of the treatment groups. Initially, dilation was successful in 10 of 12 patients (83%), and botulinum toxin injection in 9 of 12 patients (75%). The symptom scores showed no significant differences between the two groups before and one month after treatment. Over the two and a half year follow-up, however, all nine successfully treated patients in the botulinum toxin group experienced recurrence of symptoms, but only four of the ten patients (40%) in the dilation group. CONCLUSIONS: The two treatment methods initially had equal success rates, but in the long term the effect of the botulinum toxin injection was statistically significantly shorter than that of balloon dilation. As fewer risks are associated with the injection treatment, studies should be undertaken either to identify patient subgroups in whom botulinum toxin can be effective long-term or to test substances with longer-lasting effects.     

Short-term and long-term results of endoscopic balloon dilation for achalasia: 12 years' experience

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: This retrospective study reports 12 years' experience with pneumatic dilation treatment in patients with achalasia and attempts to define factors capable of predicting failure of endoscopic dilation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients with achalasia who received endoscopic balloon dilation were studied retrospectively. Repeat dilation was carried out if dysphagia persisted or recurred. A structured symptom score questionnaire (the Eckardt score) was conducted by phone with patients who had received dilation and had been followed up for more than 2 years. Failure was defined as the presence of significant dysphagic symptoms after more than two repeat dilations. Data for the first 2 years (short-term) and for the subsequent follow-up (long-term) were analyzed. RESULTS: From 1989 to 2001, 66 patients underwent endoscopic balloon dilation for achalasia; three perforations (4.5 %) occurred, with no mortalities. Dysphagic symptoms significantly improved 12 weeks after the procedure ( P < 0.05). Fourteen patients (20 %) required a second dilation procedure within a median of 7 months (range 1 - 52 months), and 13 of them underwent repeat dilations within the first 2 years. Five patients (7.5 %) required further surgical or endoscopic therapy. Fifty-eight patients received pneumatic dilation for more than 2 years; 32 (55 %) responded to the questionnaire. The mean dysphagia score was 1.7 (SD 1.2), with only five patients (16 %) having significant dysphagic symptoms during a median follow-up period of 55 months (range 26 - 130 months). The cumulative success rates for pneumatic dilation after 5 and 19 years were 74 % and 62 %, respectively. Cox regression analysis identified small balloon size (30 mm) as the only significant factor capable of predicting failure of endoscopic dilation ( P = 0.009; relative risk 5.3; 95 % confidence interval, 1.7 to 40.9). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic balloon dilation is an effective treatment for achalasia, with minimal morbidity (60 % experience long-term benefit).     

A modified method of botulinum toxin injection in patients with achalasia: a pilot trial

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Injection of botulinum toxin (BT) from direct vision into the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) lowers its basal tone and improves symptomatology in most of the patients with achalasia. We hypothesized that the effect could be improved by better degree of LES infiltration by toxin administered from both prograde and retrograde views. The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of this modified method of intrasphincteric BT injection in patients with achalasia. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Sixteen patients with achalasia were treated with BT injection. Hundred units of BT (Botox) were diluted with 4 ml of normal saline. Aliquots of 0.5 ml were injected into four quadrants of the LES from retrovision and then into each quadrant from direct vision. The patients were followed up for a median of 25.5 months (range 19-31). RESULTS: No serious adverse events were noted. All patients responded well to the injection within one week and 3 patients (18.7 %) experienced an early relapse. The remaining 13 patients were classified as responders. After a single BT injection, 11 responders reported a relapse and 2 patients remained asymptomatic. The median symptom-free interval was 17 months (8-28). Five patients with a relapse underwent BT reinjection. Three of them remained asymptomatic and two experienced the second relapse. After BT reinjection, the median symptom-free interval was 16 months (10-19). All other patients with a relapse and without BT reinjection were treated with either balloon dilatation or surgery and are currently asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: Combining injection of BT into the LES from both direct vision and retrovision was feasible, safe and produced a rapid response which was sustained for more than 1 year in the majority of patients. This method of BT administration might be superior to the traditional injection from direct view only, and a randomized and prospective study comparing those techniques of administration should be performed.     

球囊扩张术用于治疗鼻咽癌放疗后环咽肌失弛缓的疗效观察

目的：探讨导管球囊扩张术用于治疗鼻咽癌放疗后环咽肌失迟缓的疗效。方法：38例环咽肌失迟缓的吞咽困难患者随机均分为球囊扩张组和常规训练组各19例。球囊扩张组接受常规吞咽训练和导尿管球囊扩张治疗,常规训练组仅进行常规吞咽训练。治疗终点为恢复经口进食或治疗已满4周。治疗前后均进行功能性经口摄食量表（FOIS）评分和吞咽造影。结果：治疗后,球囊扩张组和常规训练组FOIS评分均得到提高（P＜0．05）,且前者提高更明显（P＜0．05）;治疗后,2组环咽肌开放率均明显提高（P＜0．05）,且球囊扩张组的环咽肌正常开放率明显高于常规训练组（P＜0．05）。结论：导尿管球囊扩张用于治疗鼻咽癌放疗后环咽肌失迟缓患者疗效显著,可大大改善患者经口进食的能力。     

内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症39例分析

目的　探讨内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症 (AC)的疗效。方法　应用Regiflex气囊扩张器在内镜下扩张治疗AC 39例。结果　术后临床表现均显著改善 ,随访 3个月～ 3年 ,疗效达 97.4 %。患者无穿孔等合并症发生 ,并均为一次扩张成功。结论　内镜引导下气囊扩张治疗AC方法简单、安全 ,近、中期疗效肯定 ,可作为本病的首选治疗方法     

胃镜下逐级气囊扩张治疗贲门失驰缓症29例临床分析

目的探讨胃镜下逐级气囊扩张治疗贲门失驰症的疗效和安全性。方法29例贲门失驰症患者行胃镜直视下逐级气囊扩张治疗,术后定期随访,观察患者临床症状缓解情况。结果扩张技术成功率100％,29例患者治疗后吞咽困难症状都得到缓解,未发生穿孔并发症。随访时间为一年。1个月时症状缓解率为100％,1年时为88．0％。结论胃镜直视下逐级气囊扩张治疗贲门失驰症具有安全性高、疗效确切、损伤小等优点,是贲门失驰症的理想和首选治疗方法。