Bacteremia from transurethral prostatic resection under prophylactic use of antibiotics

We studied the incidence of the postoperative bacteremia developing in 44 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate under prophylactic use of antibiotics. In 15 of the patients, postoperative endotoxinemia was also investigated. Postoperative bacteremia was found in 10 (22.7%) of the patients, in only one of whom septicemia developed. The incidence of bacteremia was not influenced by the kind of antimicrobial agent administered prophylactically, but was significantly higher in the patients with preoperative urinary tract infection or prostatitis on histological examination of resected prostatic tissue (p less than 0.01). Concerning species isolated from the blood, gram-positive cocci were isolated more frequently than gram-negative bacteria, and Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common species. In 7 (70%) of the bacteremia patients an identical species was isolated from preoperative urine cultures. In the patients with bacteremia, significant increases in white blood cell count and maximal body temperature were found within 3 hours after the procedure as compared to before the procedure. To lower the postoperative bacteremic rate, appropriate and adequate antimicrobial agents must be used preoperatively in patients with infection of the genitourinary tract. As to blood endotoxin, the endotoxin levels in the patients with postoperative fever did not significantly differ from those of the patients without this complication.     

Persistent detrusor overactivity after transurethral resection of the prostate

Detrusor overactivity is associated with aging and benign prostatic obstruction and often causes the troublesome symptoms of urgency and urgency incontinence (overactive bladder), persistent detrusor overactivity after transurethral resection of the prostate being the cause of more than a third of poor symptomatic outcomes following surgery. Most of the evidence currently suggests that neurons of the urothelium at the bladder neck play a significant role in the genesis of detrusor overactivity. Treatment options including botulinum toxin injections and intravesical vanilloids have been studied in the treatment of persistent detrusor overactivity, but further studies are needed specifically in patients with persistent detrusor overactivity after transurethral resection of the prostate. As urodynamic studies are able to predict a proportion of postoperative failures, more widespread use is advocated by many in the routine assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms thought to be due to benign prostatic obstruction.     

The incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction with transurethral resection of the prostate

We performed a prospective study of 250 men undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate to determine the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction. The prevalence of coronary artery disease in the study group was 27%. Patients had measurement of total creatine kinase and its MB isoenzyme and electrocardiography preoperatively and on the first three postoperative days. Only one myocardial infarction was diagnosed, an incidence rate of 0.4%. The overall rate of serious post-operative complications was 3.6%. No deaths occurred during the operative hospitalization. We conclude that with transurethral resection perioperative myocardial infarction is a rare event despite the high prevalence of coronary artery disease in this surgical population. Routine postoperative surveillance with electrocardiograms and creatine kinase determinations in asymptomatic patients is not warranted.     

Post transurethral resection of prostate incontinence in previously radiated prostate cancer patients

OBJECTIVES: This is a retrospective review evaluating the incidence of incontinence post transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) in patients who have had previous external beam radiation (XRT) for prostate cancer (PCA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1,230 patients underwent XRT for PCA between January 1985 and April 1996. From this group, 16 patients mean age of 67.8 years (range 48-84) at the time of XRT had a subsequent TURP for obstructive symptoms a median of 3.25 years later (range 3 months to 10.2 years). Patients have been followed post TURP for a median of 5.0 months (range 1 to 81 months). RESULTS: Nineteen percent (3) patients developed incontinence post TURP. An additional patient remained in retention and continued to suffer overflow incontinence. Incontinence was associated with a shorter time interval between XRT and TURP (13 months versus 55.3 months) and with a greater amount of prostatic resection (19 grams versus 11.4 grams) when compared to the continent group, but did not meet statistical significance. CONCLUSION: A high risk of incontinence post TURP in previously radiated patients was demonstrated. The association with a shorter time interval between procedures and the larger resection suggests that a conservative approach is warranted. Studies with the use of preop and post TURP urodynamics would be useful in further defining risk factors in this population.     

临床路径在前列腺汽化电切术中的应用探讨

目的探讨临床路径在前列腺增生症行经尿道前列腺汽化电切术患者中的应用成效。方法将60例经尿道前列腺汽化电切术的患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各30例。观察组按制定好的临床路径进行诊疗护理。对照组采用传统的医疗护理模式。结果观察组患者的住院天数、住院费用明显低于对照组(P<0.01),患者满意度增高(P<0.05)。观察组护理人员在工作自主性、满足感和成就感上优于对照组的护理人员(P<0.01)。结论临床路径应用于前列腺汽化电切术患者,可减少无效住院日,降低医疗费用,减少术后并发症。不仅提高了患者满意度,还增强了护理人员的工作自主性、满足感和成就感,规范了护理行为,提高了护理质量,有良好的应用前景。     

Perioperative analgesia with ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block for transurethral resection of prostate

Background:Prostatic hyperplasia is a physiological aging process in men. After transurethral resection of prostate (TURP), visceral pain is the main cause. The effective postoperative analgesia can reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications. This study mainly studied the analgesic effect of quadratus lumborum block (QLB) on TURP.Methods:We divided 62 patients undergoing TURP into 2 groups using a random number table method (QLB 2 group and non-QLB [control] group). Patients in the QLB group underwent ultrasound-guided posterior QLB with 20 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine on each side, and those in the control group received only general anesthesia. The primary outcome for this study was the consumption analgesic pump during 0 to 24 hours. The secondary outcomes included the first pressing time of analgesic pump during 0 to 24 hours, the pain at rest and when coughing at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours post-operation as measured with a visual analogue scale for pain, length of the hospital stay, and complications (nausea and vomiting, dizziness, and abdominal distension).Results:Patients in the QLB group presented less consumption, later first pressing time of analgesic pump during 0 to 24 hours after surgery lower visual analogue scale scores at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours postsurgery than those in the control group. Moreover, their mean length of hospital stay was shorter (P = .023), and they experienced less postoperative complications than the patients in the control group.Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided QLB in TURP provided a significant analgesic effect in our patients the first day after surgery. This analgesic model may improve the postoperative recovery after TURP.     

Current indications for transurethral resection of the prostate and associated complications

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the most common surgical procedure for relieving symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Here, we report our experience of current indications for TURP and their associated outcomes at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH). A total of 111 patients who underwent TURP at KMUH between May 2000 and December 2001 were included in this retrospective review. For each patient, the surgical indication was categorized into acute urinary retention, chronic complications (including renal impairment, recurrent urinary infection, bladder stone/diverticulum, post-void residue, and recurrent hematuria), and symptomatic prostatism. Thirty-five patients (31%) had acute urinary retention, 28 (27%) had chronic complications, and 48 (42%) had symptomatic prostatism. Most patients chose TURP only when medical treatment had failed to relieve symptoms, no matter what category they belonged to. Patients with acute urinary retention and chronic complications had larger prostates (p = 0.002) and more tissue resected (p = 0.05) than those with symptomatic prostatism. Patients with acute urinary retention seemed to be at greater risk of postoperative complications such as recurrent urinary retention and urinary tract infection. We suggest that urodynamic study may be necessary to rule out concomitant bladder dysfunction before surgery and that adequate prophylactic antibiotic treatment be used to decrease the risk of urinary tract infection during or after TURP, especially when pyuria is noted preoperatively in patients with acute urinary retention.     

经尿道部分前列腺汽化电切术治疗高危前列腺增生症

目的 探讨治疗高危前列腺增生症(BPH)安全有效的手术方法.方法 对121例高危BPH患者采用联合经尿道汽化电切(TUVP)和经尿道电切(TURP)部分前列腺进行治疗.结果 切除前列腺重量15～70 g,平均47.5 g,手术时间30～105 min,平均55 min,失血量80-210 ml,无电切综合征(TRUS)发生,无手术死亡,术后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)明显下降、生活质量评分(QOL)明显提高.结论 联合经尿道部分前列腺汽化电切和电切术治疗高危前列腺增生症是安全有效的手术方法.     

经尿道前列腺切除术治疗大前列腺腺体患者的研究

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)切除大前列腺增生的安全性和临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析TURP手术切除腺体组织≥40g的前列腺增生患者56例的临床过程. 结果 56例患者平均切除前列腺组织62.4 g(48～122 g),切除率为60％,手术时间113.4 min (70～180min).患者术后下尿路症状明显改善,38例患者国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)由术前(25.6±1.5)分降至术后(6.0±2.0)分;22例患者最大尿流率由术前(5.0±1.9) ml/s升至术后(18.0±4.5)ml/s,剩余尿量由术前95 ml(40～250 ml)减少至术后10 ml(0～60 ml). 结论 熟练的TURP技术治疗腺体组织≥40 g大前列腺增生患者的效果良好,并发症可接受,是一种安全的手术治疗选择.     

经尿道前列腺等离子剜除术与电切术治疗前列腺增生的疗效比较

目的 比较经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切剜除术(TUPKEP)与经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的临床疗效及安全性.方法 将142例BPH患者分为两组,TUPKEP组72例,年龄52～90岁,平均(70.5±7.6)岁,前列腺质量27～126 g,平均(75.6±10.3)g;TURP组70例,年龄51～87岁,平均(70.2±6.8)岁,前列腺质量25～118 g,平均(73.8±9.9)g.两组患者术前年龄、前列腺质量、前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、剩余尿量、最大尿流率、生活质量评分(QOL)比较,差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为0.2873、1.0612、1.0832、0.9522、0.0000、1.0774;P值分别为0.7743、0.2904、0.2806、0.3426、1.0000、0.2832).比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后尿管留置时间、住院天数、术后并发症发生率及疗效.结果 TUPKEP组72例均获成功(100.0%),TURP组成功69例(98.6%).TUPKEP、TURP组平均手术时间分别为(46.2±6.4)min、(58.4±9.6)min,组间比较差异有统计学意义(t=8.9404,P-0.0000);两组术中出血量分别为(105.9±12.2)ml、(148.6±14.3)ml,组间比较差异有统计学意义(t=19.1608,P=0.0000);两组术后平均留置尿管时间分别为(3.5±1.0)d、(5.0±1.0)d(t=8.9364,P=0.0000);两组术后平均住院时间分别为(5.1±1.9)d、(7.0±0.6)d(t=4.9819,P=0.0000).TUPKEP组术后发生暂时性尿失禁1例,继发前列腺出血2例,尿道外口狭窄1例,并发症发生率5.56%,TURP组发生经尿道前列腺电切综合征2例,尿外渗1例,术后暂时性尿失禁2例,继发前列腺出血3例,尿道外口狭窄2例,并发症发生率14.29%.术后随访3个月,两组最大尿流率较术前明显增加,IPSS、剩余尿量、QOL均较术前明显下降,组间比较差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为1.1131、0.2543、1.2959、0.7252;P值分别为0.2676,0.7996、0.1971、0.4696).结论 TUPKEP与TURP治疗BPH的疗效相近,但TUPKEP平均手术时间短、术中出血量少、围手术期及术后并发症发生率低,手术安全性更高.     

小剂量罗哌卡因腰硬联合麻醉在老年病人经尿道前列腺电切术中应用

目的 观察小剂量罗哌卡因腰硬联合麻醉在老年病人经尿道前列腺电切术中应用的可行性和血流动力学参数改变. 方法 选择40例择期行经尿道前列腺切除术病人,年龄65～85岁,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,腰硬联合穿刺,取L3～4蛛网膜下隙注入0.3%罗哌卡因混合液2 ml,然后向上置入硬膜外导管3 cm,术中酌情硬膜外注入1.73% 碳酸利多卡因3～5 ml.观察感觉阻滞、运动阻滞和血流动力学参数变化.当收缩压(SBP)下降到90 mmHg或在原收缩压基础上下降30%时,静脉注射麻黄素5～10 mg,心率( HR)低于55次/min时,静脉注射阿托品0.3～0.5 mg. 结果 40例麻醉效果皆满意,腰麻前后SBP、DBP和HR比较无显著性差异.3例手术时间延长病人术中硬膜外注入了碳酸利多卡因5 ml,其中1例静脉注射了麻黄素,2例静脉注射了阿托品. 结论 小剂量罗哌卡因腰硬联合麻醉在老年病人经尿道前列腺电切术中有良好的麻醉效果和稳定的血流动力学状态.     

经尿道前列腺电切术患者发生术后低体温的危险因素

目的 分析经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)患者发生术后低体温的危险因素。方法 选取2008年1月至2021年3月于中国人民解放军总医院数据库内行TURP的患者1 193例,根据术后是否发生低体温,将患者分为2组。术后低体温组(H组)患者83,术后正常体温组(N组)患者1110例。比较2组患者年龄、身高、体质量、体质量指数、术前及术后血红蛋白浓度、手术时间、麻醉方法、麻醉时间、输注晶体液量、输注胶体液量及冲洗液量情况。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,组间比较分别采用t检验、χ²检验及秩和检验。采用logistic回归分析发生术后低体温的危险因素。结果 2组间年龄、麻醉时间、麻醉方法比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),其余各指标差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。使用logistic回归分析发现,老龄(OR=1.041, 95%CI 1.009~1.074)和硬膜外阻滞(OR=2.829,95%CI 1.594~5.023)是TURP患者发生术后低体温的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 采用数据库大样本数据分析发现,老龄和硬膜外阻滞是TURP患者发生术后低体温的危险因素。     

右美托咪啶在老年患者经尿道前列腺电切术中的应用

目的 观察右美托咪啶(DEX)应用于老年患者经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)的安全性及是否降低围术期不良反应发生率. 方法 选择美国麻醉医师学会(ASA)分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,择期行TURP老年患者40例,随机分成2组,每组20例,行蛛网膜下腔阻滞麻醉.试验组(A组)于腰麻成功后10 min初始泵入0.5μg/kg DEX10 min),后以0.2μg/( kg·h)维持,手术结束时停止泵入;对照组(B组)给予同等剂量生理盐水.观察入室时(T0)、腰麻后10 min(T1)、DEX或生理盐水泵入后10 min(T2),手术开始时(I3),手术开始后30 min(T4)、手术结束时(T5)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、呼吸频率(RR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SPO2)、警觉/镇静(OAA/S)评分及术中、术后不良反应发生率.评价患者的舒适度. 结果 与T0时间点比较,A组T3～T5时间点MAP降低,T2～T5时间点HR降低,T2～T4时间点RR降低,T2～T5时间点OAA/S评分降低;B组在T4～T5时间点RR降低(P＜0.05).与B组比较,A组在T3～T5时间点MAP降低,T2～T5时间点HR降低,T3时间点RR降低,T2 ～T5时间点OAA/S评分降低;寒战反应发生率降低;舒适度评分明显提高(P＜0.05). 结论 DEX应用于TURP术安全有效,可减少不良反应发生率,提高患者舒适度.     

腰硬联合麻醉在老年前列腺电切术中的应用效果观察

目的探讨腰硬联合麻醉在老年经尿道前列腺电切术中的临床应用效果。方法 60例择期拟行经尿道前列腺电切术的老年患者,随机分为硬膜外麻醉组(EA组)和腰硬联合麻醉组(CSEA组),每组30例;术中监测血压、心率、脉搏、血氧饱和度等,记录麻醉起效时间、阻滞完善时间、阻滞平面和镇痛效果,同时记录术中并发症及不良反应的发生情况。结果 CSEA组比EA组麻醉起效快,阻滞时间较长,镇痛及肌松效果好,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);麻醉中血流动力学变化和并发症及不良反应的发生情况两组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论两种方法均能满足手术要求,其中CSEA应用于老年经尿道前列腺电切术,具有起效快、镇痛确切、用药量少、对循环影响小及术后并发症少等优点。     

Correlation of benign prostatic obstruction-related complications with clinical outcomes in patients after transurethral resection of the prostate

We aim to investigate the correlation of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO)-related complications with clinical outcomes in patients after transurethral resection of the prostate in China. We reviewed the medical history of all patients who underwent surgery from 1992 to 2013. We assessed the preoperative clinical profile, clinical management, and operative complications. Overall, 2271 patients were enrolled in the study. Of these patients, 1193 (52.5%) had no BPO-related complications and 1078 (46.3%) had BPO-related complications. Compared with patients without BPO-related complications, those with BPO-related complications were older (p = 0.001) and usually had other urologic comorbidities (p = 0.003). Additionally, they tended to have more tissue resected (p < 0.001), a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists grade (p = 0.002), and larger prostates (p < 0.001). Nonetheless, there was no obvious difference in surgical complications between both groups (p > 0.05). Among patients with BPO-related complications, compared with the bladder stone group, only the bladder stone+ group tended to have a greater urinary infection risk after transurethral resection of the prostate. Compared with patients with one or two BPO-related complications, those with three BPO-related complications tended to have a higher risk of pulmonary embolism and acute coronary syndrome (p < 0.05). Despite the widespread use of medication, patients with BPO-related complications were older and had larger prostates; however, transurethral resection of the prostate is still considered a safe and recommended surgical treatment. Nevertheless, those with three or more complications were at a higher risk of severe complication after surgery, and active surgical intervention is needed once BPO-related complications develop.     

The frequency and significance of ECG changes after transurethral prostate resection

Although many clinicians routinely recommend a base-line preoperative electrocardiogram (ECG) and obtain frequent postoperative ECGs to screen for myocardial infarction or ischemia, the diagnostic utility of screening perioperative ECGs is unknown. The present analysis evaluates the sensitivity and specificity of the perioperative ECG and examines its value as a predictor of early postoperative cardiac events and outcomes during the postoperative year. ECGs obtained preoperatively and on the first 3 postoperative days in 206 men undergoing transurethral prostate resection were analyzed using the Minnesota Code. The occurrence of cardiac events during the operative stay was assessed by measurement of the cardiospecific MB creatine kinase isoenzyme on the first 3 postoperative days and review of the entire clinical course. Twenty-one percent of patients developed postoperative ECG changes, mostly involving the T wave; none had cardiac symptoms or sustained creatine kinase MB elevation. Changes were not significantly more common in men known to have coronary disease. The single patient who had a perioperative myocardial infarction confirmed by enzymes had no codable ECG changes. The specificity of any ECG change for perioperative infarction was 78%; of ST segment changes only, 95%. Only one of the patients (2%) who had postoperative ECG changes had a cardiac event in the year after surgery. Routine perioperative ECGs is of little diagnostic/predictive utility in situations in which the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction is low.     

氟比洛芬脂用于经尿道前列腺切除术的镇痛效果

目的观察氟比洛芬脂用于经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)的镇痛效果。方法60例美国麻醉医师学会(ASA)分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级在连续硬脊膜外麻醉下行TURP术的老年患者,随机分成2组,每组30例。Ⅰ组术前15min和手术结束时缓慢静注氟比洛芬脂各50mg;Ⅱ组相同时间给予等量生理盐水作为对照。记录手术结束后1、2、4、8、12、24h的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分。测定Ⅰ组患者术后2、8、24h的血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)和活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT),并记录2组患者的不良反应。结果Ⅰ组术后2、4、8h的VAS评分明显低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。2组均无明显不良反应。结论氟比洛芬脂用于TURP术后镇痛效果明显,不增加术后并发症和不良反应。