腹腔镜原位二级脾蒂离断法在外伤性脾破裂脾切除中的应用

目的探讨原位二级脾蒂离断法在外伤性脾破裂腹腔镜脾切除术中的应用价值。方法 2013年1月~2014年1月对16例创伤性脾破裂腹腔镜下采用钛夹离断二级脾蒂切除脾脏。结果 15例成功行腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断脾切除术,1例应用直线切割闭合器(Endo-GIA)切除。15例术中自体血回输400~2000 ml,平均1100 ml。术后均无继发感染、再出血、胰漏等并发症。手术时间55~105 min,平均75 min。术后24 h拔除盆腔引流管,72 h内拔除脾窝引流管。5例合并四肢及骨盆骨折术后1周内接受相应的骨折内固定手术。术后8~16 d出院,平均11.5 d。16例术后随访6个月,无门静脉血栓、肠梗阻等严重并发症。结论腹腔镜下原位二级脾蒂离断法脾切除术治疗外伤性脾破裂安全可行,便于合并症的术后处理。     

采用圈套器套扎脾蒂的腹腔镜脾切除术治疗外伤性脾破裂63例

目的探讨外伤性脾破裂行腹腔镜脾切除术(LS)的安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析我院2009年3月至2017年8月63例外伤性脾破裂行LS术临床资料,术中采用先结扎脾动脉,再用圈套器套扎脾蒂切除脾脏48例,采用二级脾蒂离断法逐根结扎切断进入脾脏血管切除脾脏15例。结果 60例顺利完成LS术,3例因脾脏出血或粘连严重中转开放手术,手术时间60~170 min,平均120 min,术中出血量100~800 m L,平均400 m L。术后无大出血、胰漏、血栓形成等并发症发生。结论外伤性脾破裂行LS术采用先结扎脾动脉,再用圈套器套扎脾蒂切除脾脏或二级脾蒂离断法逐根结扎切断进入脾脏血管切除脾脏是安全和可行的,效果满意,创伤小,恢复快,住院时间短。     

完全腹腔镜下脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗门脉高压症

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的可行性、安全性及有效性。方法 2008年3月~2014年6月,采用完全腹腔镜方法,对45例肝硬化门脉高压并上消化道出血和脾功能亢进的患者行贲门周围血管离断术。术中采用一级脾蒂离断法或者二级脾蒂离断法切脾,断流方法采用选择性或非选择性贲门周围血管离断术。结果 45例在全腔镜下完成(其中28例为选择性贲门周围血管离断术),其中1例需手助。手术时间110~430 min,平均150 min。术中失血80~1200 ml,平均325 ml。1例术后肝功能衰竭死亡。44例术后住院8~20 d,平均10.6 d。41例术后随访3~60个月,平均36个月,3例再出血,2例原发性肝癌。结论严格把握手术适应证,腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术安全可行。     

腹腔镜脾切除术44例临床分析

目的：总结腹腔镜脾切除术的经验体会。方法：2006年9月至2009年10月行腹腔镜脾切除术44例,其中外伤性脾破裂出血6例,特发性血小板减少性紫癜3例,自身免疫性溶血性贫血1例,脾囊肿4例,脾血管瘤2例,脾淋巴管瘤1例,脾错构瘤2例,肝硬化门脉高压脾功能亢进25例。均采用二级脾蒂离断法。结果：43例成功完成腹腔镜手术,1例行开腹手术。手术时间55~240min,平均（126.40±52.43）min,术中出血30~1 000ml,平均（221.7±214.43）ml,术后住院5~15d,平均6.5d,1例脾错构瘤由于术后短时间引流量多,引流液色红而再次行腹腔镜探查,发现为取脾时意外撕裂大网膜导致出血,腹腔镜下成功止血。术后无死亡病例。结论：腹腔镜二级脾蒂离断法脾切除术安全、可行、微创、经济。     

腹腔镜二级脾蒂离断法脾切除

目的总结腹腔镜二级脾蒂离断法脾切除的应用价值。方法2006年9月～2007年5月,行腹腔镜二级脾蒂离断法脾切除13例,其中外伤性脾破裂出血5例、特发性血小板减少性紫癜2例、肝硬化脾功能亢进6例。结果全部镜下完成,未使用手辅助。手术时间150～300min,平均210min,术中出血50～800ml,平均350ml,术后住院5～9d,平均7.5d,无手术并发症。随访1～6个月,血小板均在正常范围。结论腹腔镜二级脾蒂离断法脾切除术安全、可行、微创。     

应用二级脾蒂离断法行腹腔镜脾切除术的临床研究

目的:探讨应用二级脾蒂离断法行腹腔镜脾切除术的实用性、有效性与安全性。方法:回顾分析2012年9月至2014年9月为21例患者行腹腔镜二级脾蒂离断法脾切除术的临床资料。结果:21例患者均顺利完成手术。术中生命体征平稳,手术时间55~150 min,平均(78.4±27.3)min,术中出血量50~300 ml,平均(75.5±29.1)ml,术后胃肠功能恢复时间24~48 h,平均(31.0±15.1)h,术后48~72 h拔除腹腔引流管,术后切口感染1例,无出血、胃肠瘘、血栓、胰漏等严重并发症,术后住院6~10 d,平均(6.0±3.1)d。随访3个月至2年,患者均恢复良好,无严重并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜二级脾蒂离断法脾切除术是安全、有效的,具有减少术中出血、控制手术费用、减少胰尾损伤、降低胃肠瘘与术后脾热发生率等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

二级脾蒂离断法在腹腔镜脾切除术的应用

目的探讨二级脾蒂离断法在腹腔镜脾切除术（laparoscopic splenectomy，LS）的应用价值及临床疗效。方法2000年7月～2005年12月对特发性血小板减少性紫癜（idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura，ITP）21例，脾囊肿1例，采用4孔法，无损伤钳靠近脾脏夹住脾结肠韧带并抬起脾脏，分离、切断脾周韧带。无损伤钳在距脾门3～5cm处钳夹脾蒂，以控制术中出血。超声刀切开脾蒂浆膜，自下而上沿脾脏逐支分离脾动、静脉的二级分支，Hem-o-lok结扎夹结扎2道，在两结扎夹之间用超声刀离断，切除脾脏。自扩大的trocar切口在自制的标本袋内搅碎脾脏并取出。结果22例均完成LS，手术时间75～180min，平均117min；术中出血量20～280ml，平均87ml。术后1～2d恢复饮食并下地活动。术后住院5～11d，平均5．6d。1例切口皮下血肿，1例皮下气肿。22例随访1．5～52个月，平均19．3月，无并发症。结论二级脾蒂离断法行LS，安全可靠，无须切割闭合器，手术费用降低。     

全腹腔镜贲门周围血管离断术治疗门脉高压症

目的探讨全腹腔镜下贲门周围血管离断术的技巧和方法。方法 2007年5月~2010年10月,采用完全腹腔镜方法,对34例肝硬化门脉高压并上消化道出血的患者行贲门周围血管离断术。术中切脾方法采用一级脾蒂离断法或者二级脾蒂离断法,断流方法采用选择性或非选择性贲门周围血管离断术。结果 33例在全腔镜下完成（其中2例为选择性贲门周围血管离断术）,1例需手助。手术时间170~430 min,平均250 min。术中失血100~1000 ml,平均533 ml。1例术后肝功能衰竭死亡。33例术后住院8~20 d,平均10.6 d。30例术后随访3~25个月,平均13个月,2例再出血,1例原发性肝癌。结论全腹腔镜下贲门周围血管离断术治疗门脉高压症是一种安全、微创、可行的方法。     

二级脾蒂离断法在腹腔镜脾切除术中的临床应用

目的：探讨腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断法脾切除术的可行性、有效性和安全性。方法对我院2008年7月至2012年12月施行32例腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断法脾切除术的患者临床资料进行回顾分析。结果32例患者均顺利完成手术。手术时间平均170 min,术中平均出血量220 ml,术后切口感染和术后4 d 部分腹腔渗血各1例,无其它严重并发症。结论腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断法脾切除术安全有效,并可降低手术费用,值得临床推广。     

完全腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合断流术治疗门静脉高压症的体会

目的 探讨完全腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬变门静脉高压症的手术技巧和临床应用价值.方法 对我科2009年3月至2010年8月期间,12例肝硬变门静脉高压症致食管下段胃底静脉曲张患者应用超声刀和血管闭合切割系统(Ligasure),行完全腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析与总结.结果 12例均在处理脾蒂前夹闭脾动脉,其中10例完成腹腔镜手术(其中7例应用二级脾蒂离断法处理脾蒂),2例中转开腹.10例腹腔镜手术患者的手术时间为180～300 min,平均210min;术中失血200～1000ml,平均480ml;术后住院时间8～15 d,平均9d;术后发生少量(＜300 ml)胸腔积液2例,少量(＜300 ml)腹水2例,轻度(＜10 ml/d)胰瘘1例,均未作特殊处理,带管出院后1个月好转拔管,无死亡病例.12例患者术后平均随访7个月(4～20个月),均未发生再出血.结论 用超声刀预夹闭脾动脉,联合应用超声刀和Ligasure进行二级脾蒂离断法处理脾蒂是完全腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术成功的关键技术要领,该技术安全、有效、微创,具有一定的临床应用价值.     

Laparoscopy Splenectomy for Massive Splenomegaly

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study is aimed to evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) for massive splenomegaly in patients with hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis. Method: A retrospective study of adult patients was conducted for splenectomy occurring from January 2006 to December 2010. We have performed the surgical procedures of splenectomy in 80 patients who were suffering from splenomegaly or hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis, among whom 40 patients underwent LS and another 40 patients received open surgery (OS). Results: Among the patients who had undergone LS, 2 patients were converted to OS and the other 38 patients underwent complete LS. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and the length of stay in LS group and OS group were 100–200 min (mean: 150 ± 30 min) vs. 120–210 min (mean: 100 ± 30 min), 50–1,000 ml (mean: 150 ± 110 ml) vs. 60–900 ml (mean: 140 ± 50 ml) and 4–9 days (mean: 6.1 ± 2.2 days) vs. 8–14 days (mean: 11.3 ± 2.3 days), respectively. No deaths occurred in the two groups, and there are no significant differences between the two groups in terms of estimated blood loss, complications, length of stay, and operating time. Conclusion: LS for treatment of massive splenomegaly is a feasible, effective, and safe surgical technique. Hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis are not supposed to be considered absolute contraindications to LS.     

Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a surgical disease

Background: We designed a study to assess the safety and long-term efficacy of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) for the treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Methods: Over a period of 55 months, 104 patients underwent LS for chronic ITP. The perioperative course was documented and the long-term follow-up data were recorded. Results: The mean age was 36.9 years (range, 8-83) and 72 patients were female. Patients were operated on with a mean platelet count of 110,000/ml. Fifty-one patients were operated on with a platelet count of < 100,000; 18 of them had a count of < 50,000/ml and 11 had a count of < 10,000/ml. There were no conversions to laparotomy. Bleeding occurred in 14 patients, and five of them received a blood transfusion. The mean operating time was 56.5 min (range, 25-240). There were minor complications in five patients and major complications in three. The mean hospital stay was 2.1 days (range, 0-13). Over a mean follow-up period of 36 months (range, 4-62), all but four patients were available for follow-up. Eighty-four patients are in complete remission. Seven patients are in partial remission, with a platelet count of 50,000-100,000 \ml without medical treatment. Eleven patients did not respond or relapsed following a short initial response; three of them underwent later removal of an accessory spleen, two with partial response. All but two relapses occurred within 70 days of the operation. Conclusion: LS is safe and effective for the treatment of chronic ITP and yields excellent long-term results. Until another form of treatment emerges, LS should be considered the treatment of choice for this disease and recommended to the patient at an early stage of the disease.     

免切割闭合器完全腹腔镜巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术

目的探讨免切割闭合器完全腹腔镜巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的手术技巧和临床应用价值。方法2005年3月～2006年10月,对23例肝硬化门静脉高压致食道下端静脉曲张患者行完全腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗,其中18例免切割闭合器应用二级脾蒂离断法切除脾脏,即处理脾蒂时逐支分离脾叶动静脉,边分离边用血管夹夹闭或用丝线结扎后离断血管,并用超声刀离断小网膜后,逐一将贲门周围曲张静脉直接用超声刀或可吸收夹夹闭后离断,将脾脏放入标本袋,拉出扩大的trocar孔外,剪碎后取出。结果18例手术获得成功,手术时间180～320min,平均255min。术中出血量200～1600ml,平均450ml。术后发生胸腔积液2例,左膈下脓肿1例,B超引导穿刺治愈,轻度腹水2例。无死亡病例。术后住院时间6～17d,平均7.5d。18例术后随访5-24个月,平均16.4月,术后20个月再出血1例,经胃镜下注射硬化剂治愈,余17例均无再出血。结论应用二级脾蒂离断法处理脾蒂可以避免腹腔镜巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术应用切割闭合器,不仅节省费用,而且在腹腔镜巨脾切除中有独特的优势。     

Laparoscopic splenectomy for treatment of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is one of the advanced laparoscopic procedures that benefit most from minimally invasive surgery. This study was undertaken to compare the operating time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, and platelet count response for patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) undergoing open splenectomy (OS) versus LS. METHODS: We performed OS in 20 cases before 1992 and LS in 14 cases after 1993 for the treatment of ITP. RESULTS: The operating time was significantly shorter for OS than for LS (126 +/- 52 min versus 203 +/- 83 min, p < 0.01). Blood loss was less for OS than for LS (321 +/- 264 ml versus 524 +/- 648 ml, p = 0.287). None of the patients who underwent LS were converted to open surgery. Accessory spleens were found in four OS patients (20.0%) and four LS patients (28.6%). The postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer for OS patients than for LS patients (15.2 +/- 5.8 days versus 8.9 +/- 2.9 days, p < 0.0005). No significant difference was noted in the long-term results of splenectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with OS, LS required more operating time, had the potential to cause greater blood loss, had a comparable incidence of accessory spleen and response rate, and appeared to shorten the postoperative stay.     

后外侧入路腹腔镜脾切除术:附37例报告

目的探讨后外侧入路腹腔镜脾切除术（LS）的临床应用价值。方法1994年12月至2005年12月我院在开展16例前入路LS的基础上，采用后外侧入路完成37例LS，回顾分析后外侧入路LS的临床资料。结果除1例因套圈套扎脾蒂失败，遂扩大切口将脾脏提至腹壁按常规手术处理脾蒂外，其余手术均在完全腹腔镜下完成。切除脾脏长径7～18cm，7例病人发现副脾（18．9％）。术后切口感染1例，平均手术时间为130min，平均术中失血量80ml，平均术后住院5．5d。结论后外侧入路有利于LS操作，是一种值得推广的手术入路。     

腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜

目的：探讨腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜的手术安全性、可行性和临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析35例内科治疗无效的特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者行腹腔镜脾切除术的临床资料。33例成功地完成腹腔镜脾切除术。另2例在腹腔镜脾切除后脾床渗血，施行小切口脾床止血。结果：手术时间70～180min，平均4120min。术中出血量20-600mL，平均120mL。平均住院时间6．4d，无并发症发生。术后随访3～20个月，平均lO个月，19例完全有效，12例部分有效，总有效率88．6％。结论：腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜安全可行、痛苦少、恢复快。     

Introduction of laparoscopic splenectomy for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura

AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to evaluate retrospectively the outcomes and efficacy of the laparoscopic splenectomies for ITP patients, performed at our institution over a period of 7 years and to compare these results with those after open splenectomies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected and analyzed data of 22 consecutive adult patients with ITP who underwent either laparoscopic (LS gr., n = 9) or open (OS gr., n = 13) splenectomy at Hospital of Kaunas University of Medicine between the years 1996 and 2002. The indications for splenectomy in these patients were unsuccessful treatment with corticosteroids or other medications and/or the requirement of high dosages of steroids for prolonged periods of time to maintain platelet count > 50 G/L before operation. Prior to surgery, all patients were treated with corticosteroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulin to raise the platelet count and to minimize the risk of intraoperative bleeding. The efficacy of the operation was evaluated by counting platelets one day before surgery and on the first and fifth postoperative day. Data chosen for analysis included age, gender, weight, height, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score, number of converted patients, estimated blood loss during operation, operating time, postoperative secretion through the drains, morbidity, mortality and postoperative hospital stay. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between LS and OS groups according patients age, weight, height, gender and ASA score. The mean operative time was 138.8 +/- 50.1 min in LS group and was significantly longer than operative time in OS group (102.3 +/- 21.3 min). One patient was converted to open splenectomy because of severe bleeding from splenic hilum. Postoperative complications occurred in one patient from each group. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 460 +/- 125 ml in LS group and 510 +/- 140 ml in OS group (p > 0.05). Postoperative secretion through the drains and postoperative secretion time in LS group was significantly lower and shorter than in OS group. Postoperative hospital stay in LS group (5 +/- 1.1 days) was significantly shorter than in OS group (8 +/- 1.4 days). After splenectomy, there was an immediate increase in the platelet count of all patients in both groups. Between the day before surgery and the first postoperative day, the mean platelet count rose significantly from 75 +/- 57.0 G/L to 117 +/- 84.2 G/L in LS group and from 64 +/- 60.1 G/L to 122 +/- 79.3 G/L in OS group. Between the first postoperative day and the fifth postoperative day, the mean platelet count also rose significantly in both groups: from 117 +/- 84.2 G/L to 259 +/- 151.0 G/L in LS group and from 122 +/- 79.3 G/L to 258 +/- 158.4 G/L in OS group. In the immediate postoperative period (five days after operation), all LS group and OS group patients responded to the splenectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic or open splenectomy are equally efficacious in patients with ITP, with an immediate response rate of 100 % in our study. Our study results show that open splenectomy appears superior to laparoscopic procedure in terms of shorter operative time. Laparoscopic splenectomy appears superior to open procedure in terms of postoperative hospital stay, postoperative drainage time, less postoperative secretion through the drains. These two approaches are similar with regard to blood loss during operations and the rate of postoperative complications.     

后腹腔镜技术治疗肾上腺肿物22例报告

目的探讨后腹腔镜肾上腺肿物切除的方法和临床应用价值。方法采用后腹腔镜技术治疗肾上腺占位性病变22例,其中皮质醇腺瘤7例,醛固酮腺瘤9例,肾上腺囊肿2例,肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤3例,肾上腺髓质增生1例。结果手术均获成功,手术时间40~120min,平均75min,术中出血量20~200ml,平均50ml,平均下床时间1.5d(1~3d),平均术后住院时间为5.6d(3~9d),22例随访6~36个月,平均11个月,血压、体貌和生化检查均正常,切除肿物平均直径为2.6cm(1.5~5.5cm),病理检查报告与术前相符。结论后腹腔镜手术切除肾上腺肿瘤入路直接,手术效果确切,具有痛苦小、损伤小,并发症少及患者恢复快等优点,是一种安全有效的术式。     

Endo-Cutter离断脾蒂和蓝碟手助腹腔镜脾切除术12例报告

目的探讨Endo-Cutter离断脾蒂和蓝碟手助腹腔镜脾切除术的方法及f临床效果。方法采用Endo-Cutter离断脾蒂和蓝碟手助的方法对12例（7例血液病脾和5例脾良性肿瘤）施行腹腔镜脾切除术。术者左手通过蓝碟伸入腹腔，在手助下超声刀离断脾肾韧带、脾胃韧带，Endo-Cutter一次性离断脾蒂，切除脾，将脾从手助口取出。结果12例均成功完成手术，无中转开腹。手术时间35～120min，平均80min。术中出血量40～200ml，平均127ml。术后住院时间3—6d，平均4．5d。12例随访6个月，无并发症。结论采用Endo-Cutter离断脾蒂和蓝碟手助的腹腔镜脾切除术快捷、安全、出血量少，具有较高的实用价值。     

后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺疾病32例报告

目的:探讨后腹腔镜在治疗肾上腺疾病中的应用。方法:采用后腹腔镜技术治疗肾上腺占位性病变32例,其中肾上腺皮质腺瘤切除18例,肾上腺囊肿切除4例,肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除8例,肾上腺髓质增生行单侧肾上腺切除2例。结果:32例全部手术成功,手术时间90~300min,平均150min;术中出血50~100ml,平均75ml;术后住院时间5~8天,平均6天。术中术后均无严重并发症。结论:采用后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺疾病具有微创、安全、术后恢复快等优点,已成为治疗肾上腺疾病的首选治疗方法。