淄博市初中生尝试吸烟及二手烟暴露情况调查

目的 了解淄博市初中生尝试吸烟及二手烟暴露情况,为淄博市青少年控烟工作的开展提供依据.方法 随机整群抽取淄博市3所初中,使用统一的调查问卷对在校学生进行烟草流行情况调查,并采用尝试吸烟率、二手烟暴露率以及烟草信息接收等指标进行分析.结果 共调查451名初中生,尝试吸烟率为6.0％,其中男生(6.3％)高于女生(5.7％...     

A survey of cigarette smoking among middle school students in 1988

A survey of the prevalence of smoking in middle school students aged 13-21 years in Harbin city, China, was undertaken in the Spring of 1988. A random sample of 4712 students was selected using proportional stratified clustering. A self-administered confidential questionnaire relating to smoking habits and certain family and school factors was administered. The results showed that 1.29% of the students (2.21% boys and 0.38% girls) smoked regularly, 5.62% (10.52% boys and 0.76% girls) were light smokers and 13.77% (24.29% boys and 2.92% girls) smoked only occasionally. Smoking habits were related to the type of school and to age, there being a higher proportion of smoking in senior grade students. Students were significantly more likely to smoke if they were male and if their siblings smoked. Prevalence of regular smoking was not related to parental occupation or family income. It is suggested that anti-smoking education in the school curriculum should be directed towards students in middle school.     

北京市房山区2019年中小学生尝试吸烟状况及影响因素分析

目的 为了解房山区中小学生尝试吸烟状况及其影响因素,以及烟草相关知信行情况,为进一步做好青少年控烟工作提供科学依据。 方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取房山区3所小学、2所初中、1所高中和1所职高共1 507名学生进行了问卷调查。分析不同学段学生尝试吸烟情况以及对烟草的知信行情况。使用多因素logistic回归分析儿童青少年吸烟行为的相关影响因素。 结果 房山区2019年中小学生尝试吸烟率为6.30%,小学、初中、高中、职高学生尝试吸烟率分别为3.46%、4.12%、3.53%、25.56%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=145.304,P＜0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示职高学段、身边有朋友吸烟、见到电视电影中有吸烟镜头、模仿偶像吸烟等变量是中小学生尝试吸烟的危险因素。烟草相关知识各题目的正确率学段差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。男生对于烟草的肯定比例明显高于女生,性别、学段差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。78.90%的学生表示今后肯定不会吸烟。52.02%的学生会劝阻身边吸烟的人,1.26%的学生会跟随身边人一起吸烟。22.16%的学生表示会模仿明星偶像抽烟,性别和学段差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。 结论 作者简介:孟毅(1982-),女,北京市房山人,学士,主管医师,主要从事学校卫生工作和健康教育工作。儿童青少年的控烟是今后降低全社会人群吸烟率的关键。控制儿童青少年吸烟需要学校、家庭和社会的综合防控,创建轻松和谐、无烟健康的支持性环境,强化知识宣教与干预,使儿童青少年牢固掌握相关知识的同时,产生心理认同,将控烟行动坚持一生。     

北京市高中生吸烟行为现状及家庭因素与吸烟关联的性别差异研究

目的 了解北京市高中生吸烟行为及家庭因素与吸烟关联的性别差异,为相关干预提供理论依据.方法 于2014年4-5月,采取分层整群随机抽样的方法,对北京市16669名高中生进行问卷调查.分性别采用x2检验和多因素Logistic回归法分析家庭因素与吸烟行为的关联.结果 北京市高中男女生尝试吸烟率分别为40.7％和20.6％...     

Smoking habits, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and respiratory symptoms in schoolchildren aged 14-15 years in Terrassa (Barcelona)

OBJECTIVES: Assessment of the prevalence of smoking habits, environmental tobacco exposure, and asthma-related symptoms in a cross-sectional study in schoolchildren aged 14-15 years in Terrassa (Barcelona). METHODS: A sample of 793 students from 21 schools answered a self-administered questionnaire including information on smoking habits, environmental tobacco exposure and asthma-related symptoms. RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking daily was 16.3% (CI 13. 7-18.9); no difference between sexes were observed, while the proportion of occasional smokers was higher among girls. Age, maternal habit, friend's smoking habit and having older siblings were independently associated to the schoolchildren's smoking habits. Overall, 13% reported a positive history of wheezing and 20.3% of nocturnal cough during the previous year. Smoking daily and passive smoking were positively associated with the prevalence of asthma-related symptoms, but not with previous diagnosis of asthma. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of smoking among adolescents seems to have levelled off. There is some trend toward a higher prevalence among girls than among boys. The presence of smoking in the social environment is a strong predictor of the smoking habits among schoolchildren. Both active smoking and environmental exposure to tobacco smoke are associated to increased asthma-related symptoms.     

临沂市罗庄区中学生行为危险因素分析

目的探讨中学生行为危险因素,为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,对山东省临沂市罗庄区1886名学生通过自填问卷方式进行调查,并对数据进行统计分析。结果54．2％的中学生认为无病或机体功能正常即健康,持此观点的初中一年级学生（66．3％）明显高于高中二、三年级学生（46．5％,44．4％,P〈0．05）。男生吸烟率为9．77％,女生为1．01％,男生明显高于女生;53．2％的吸烟学生认为吸烟主要受社会、家庭、周围环境的影响。有饮酒习惯男生为10．6％,女生为3．36％。有婚前性行为的高中生为3．19％,初中生为0．88％,初、高中学生性行为差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。42．0％的高中生对婚前性行为表示赞同态度。结论罗庄区中学生存在多种健康相关危险行为,缺乏健康知识,尤其缺乏性健康科学知识。应从学校、家庭和社会多方面入手,开展相关健康教育,并制定干预措施。     

Prevalence of Tobacco Use Among Junior High and Senior High School Students in Taiwan

BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is a major preventable cause of death in the world. This article describes and compares tobacco use prevalence for students attending junior high schools and senior high schools in Taiwan. METHODS: This report uses data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) completed among 4689 junior high school students and 4426 senior high school students in Taiwan in 2004‐2005. The GYTS uses a 2‐stage sampling design to produce nationally representative data for junior and senior high students in general and vocational schools. RESULTS: Higher smoking prevalence was observed among senior high (10.1% general schools and 15.9% vocational schools) than junior high (5.5%) school students. Smoking prevalence of girls in junior high (3.2%) and senior high schools (4.6% general and 11.1% vocational) was almost as high or higher than adult females’ (4.3%) smoking rates. The pattern of smoking intensity across school years and type of school shows that the percentage of smokers who were experimenters (47.1%) was higher in junior high school and the percentage of smokers who were regular/established smokers (over 50%) was higher in senior high school. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking prevalence described in this report shows that there are challenges facing the tobacco prevention and control program in Taiwan. The findings suggest that schools should increase their smoking initiation prevention efforts and make available cessation programs and counseling to help students quit smoking. If effective youth tobacco control programs are not developed and implemented in Taiwan, future morbidity and mortality attributed to tobacco will surely increase, especially among women.     

上海市中学生吸烟行为影响因素及未来吸烟意向分析

探讨影响上海市中学生吸烟行为的相关因素及其对未来吸烟意向的影响,为控制青少年吸烟行为干预措施提供参考.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样法抽取上海市5个区68所中学的26 508名学生,进行现场匿名问卷调查.结果 上海市中学生尝试吸烟率、未来1年和5年的吸烟意向分别为11.6%,8.0%和14.1%,男生(15.7%,10.9%,19.3%)高于女生(7.3%,5.0%,8.6%)(x2值分别为452.97,306.42,629.04,P值均<0.01),职校生(29.2%,21.3%,31.6%)高于高中生(12.5%,9.3%,16.1%)和初中生(6.8%,4.2%,8.9%)(x2值分别为1 677.56,362.25,1 470.29,P值均<0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析表明,父母吸烟、同伴吸烟、学校缺少控烟教育课程、媒体吸烟信息高暴露使学生尝试吸烟行为和未来吸烟意向的风险较高(P值均<0.01).结论 青少年吸烟行为的发生和未来吸烟意向与家庭、同伴、学校、社会环境密切相关,需要多措并举,采取互为支持的综合干预措施降低学生吸烟行为的发生.     

上海市初中生烟草认知对烟草易感性的影响

【目的】了解上海市初中学生烟草认知状况,探讨烟草易感性的影响因素。【方法】采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,在上海市8个监测点抽取3155名初中生开展自填问卷调查。对数据加权后,采用SPSS 22.0统计软件中复杂调查数据分析程序进行分析。【结果】认为吸烟可以让人在社交场合更轻松、认为吸烟更有吸引力、肯定地认为开始吸烟后很难戒掉、肯定地认为二手烟烟雾对自己有害的比例分别为5.1%、8.2%、34.1%、83.2%。7.0%从未尝试使用过任何烟草制品的学生对烟草易感,男生的比例(8.6%)高于女生(5.4%)(P=0.005)。在家中、学校、乘坐公共交通工具时二手烟暴露者的烟草易感性高于非暴露者(P<0.05)。母亲吸烟(OR=2.567,95%CI:1.394~4.725)、好友吸烟(OR=2.596,95%CI:1.336~5.046)是烟草易感性的危险因素;认为吸烟者的吸引力比非吸烟者差(OR=0.281,95%CI:0.165~0.478)、过去30 d在媒体上接触到控烟信息(OR=0.606,95%CI:0.393~0.934)是烟草易感性的保护因素。【结论】建议综合考虑个体认知因素、社会环境因素的影响,以学校为基础探讨适宜的干预方法,降低从未使用烟草的青少年未来使用烟草的可能性。     

2008-2012年北京市通州区中学生吸烟行为监测结果分析

目的了解北京市通州区中学生吸烟行为及影响因素,为开展学校控烟工作提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,于2008年、2010年、2012年4_5月对北京市通州区9所中学抽样班级学生进行匿名自填式问卷调查。结果中学生吸烟率呈下降趋势,尝试吸烟率分别为27．5％、25．7％和24．8％,13岁以前吸烟率分别为10．6％、9．4％和8．8％,30％以上的尝试吸烟者在小学阶段（13岁以前）开始吸第一支烟;3次监测尝试吸烟率男生高于女生,男生分别为36．9％、34．9％和31．2％,女生分别为18．4％、17．7％和19．3％;随着年级升高、学习成绩降低尝试吸烟率呈上升趋势;在校住宿生吸烟率明显高于不住宿学生;单亲家庭、重组家庭、隔代家庭学生吸烟率高于核心家庭和大家庭学生。结论北京市通州区中学生吸烟率仍处于较高水平。应从多方面采取措施,针对重点人群,在家庭、学校中共同开展控烟干预工作。     

北京市顺义区初中生吸烟行为和烟草知识与大众传媒关系的多因素分析

目的了解北京市顺义区初中生吸烟行为、烟草相关知识与大众传媒之间的关系,为今后有效开展青少年控烟工作提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样方法,使用全球青少年烟草流行调查问卷对顺义区3所初中学校1528名学生进行匿名问卷调查。结果收回有效问卷1520份,吸烟率为10．9％,其中男生为17．1％,女生为5．0％,差异有统计学意义（χ2=58．143,P〈0．01）;从大众传播媒介中或社交活动等场合获得过控烟信息是初中生吸烟行为的保护因素（OR=0．946和0．830）;从大众传媒中看到或听到过烟草名称、广告、促销、以及看到有人吸烟的电影／视频等是吸烟的危险因素（OR为1．029—2．140）。结论大众传媒对初中生吸烟行为和烟草知识有重要影响,应建立青少年控烟的综合体系。     

云南省三城市学生被动吸烟现况调查

目的了解云南省学生被动吸烟暴露状况,为政府及相关部门制定控烟干预政策、措施提供依据。方法于2007年在云南省3个城市采用多阶段分层随机抽样,随机抽取大学或大专院校、中学、小学在校学生779人进行问卷调查。调查内容包括调查对象一般情况、吸烟情况、家内外被动吸烟情况等。结果被调查学生吸烟率为8.64%,尝试吸烟率为30.7%。学生家庭中父亲吸烟的占72.7%;男生、高年级学生通过朋友接触烟草烟雾的机会较高;在家内、家外、家内和(或)家外被动吸烟率分别为53.3%,54.0%和70.6%。结论云南省学生环境烟草烟雾暴露状况较严重,应加强公众吸烟危害知识宣传教育,尽快在公共场所立法禁烟,为学生健康成长创造无烟环境。     

北京市2010年中学生烟草使用流行现状分析

目的 了解2010年北京市中学生烟草使用相关行为和二手烟暴露现状以及对烟草的认知和态度,为积极开展学校控烟工作提供参考.方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,于2010年4-5月对北京市共计33所学校中11242名学生进行匿名自填式问卷调查,共回收有效问卷11208份.结果 中学生尝试吸烟率为24.70％,现在吸烟率为9.11％,吸烟率为5.06％;不吸烟中学生的二手烟暴露率为38.47％.男生、住宿生的烟草使用率均显著高于女生和非住宿生;郊区、非重点校、职业中学的烟草使用率分别高于城区、重点校和普通中学,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).现在吸烟率和吸烟率较2008年均略有下降,二手烟暴露率有了明显下降.结论 中学生尝试吸烟率居高不下,对于烟草危害及有关态度的认识有待于进一步提高.建议继续加强对中学生开展健康教育,引导和教育中学生坚决“拒吸第一支烟”.     

Smoking and its associated factors in Portuguese adolescent students

OBJECTIVE: To describe smoking habits and to identify their determinants in adolescent students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on smoking habits comprising 1,052 girls and 984 boys aged 13 years attending public and private schools in the city of Porto, Portugal. The proportion of participation was 77.5%. Information on sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics was obtained from a questionnaire filled out at home by participants and their parents. At school, another self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information about tobacco use. Several independent samples were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and proportions were compared by Chi-square test. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, 19.9% (22.4% of girls and 17.1% of boys) students only had ever experimented smoking but were not smokers; 1.8% (2.0% of girls and 1.5% of boys) were occasional smokers and 1.3% (2.0% of girls and 0.4% of boys) smoked at least one cigarette/day. Curiosity was the main reason given by adolescents to experiment smoking (48.4% of girls and 45.6% of boys). After adjustment to parental, siblings' and friends' smoking habits, the stronger association was with the smoking habits of their friends for both girls (OR=4.03; 95% CI: 2.69-6.04) and boys (OR=5.39; 95% CI: 3.34-8.70). CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of students had ever experimented smoking. Smoking habits among peers proved to be the strongest determinant of smoking during adolescence.     

2005年北京市儿童青少年烟草流行现状调查分析

目的了解北京市儿童青少年烟草流行现状及其影响因素，为制定北京市青少年控烟策略提供依据。方法采用多层整群抽样的方法，选取126所大中小学学生进行问卷调查。结果共调查北京市小学生、中学生和大学生17952人，其中男生8873人，女生9079人；小学生5688人，中学生8755人，大学生3509人；农村生源2232人，县镇生源6595人，城市生源9125人。北京市6—14岁学生吸烟率为1．12％，15—24岁学生吸烟率为11．73％；男性吸烟率高于女性，并均于17岁达到高峰；中专与职业高中学生吸烟率最高；学生开始尝试吸烟的高峰年龄为小学高年级及初中阶段；影响学生吸烟的因素主要分为自身、家庭与社会环境三个部分。结论北京市儿童青少年吸烟率达到很高水平，尝试吸烟年龄提前，因此制定有效的干预措施和策略是当务之急。     

用logistic回归方法分析珠海市青少年吸烟行为的影响因素

目的：了解珠海市青少年吸烟行为的影响因素，为制定有效的控烟措施提供科学依据。方法：采取多阶段分层整群抽样法。采用世界卫生组织（WHO）／中国卫生部提供的“全球青少年烟草调查（Global Youth Tobacco Survey，GYTS）中国问卷”，对全市25所中学，初二至高一的47个班，2480名学生进行问卷调查。结果：青少年尝试吸烟率为29．4％（包括只吸一口）。经非条件logistic逐步回归分析，父母亲中有人吸烟的、同伴好友中有人吸烟的、看到教师吸烟的青少年，其吸烟行为发生的危险性分别是其他青少年的1．35倍。2．911倍和1．320倍。其中同伴好友吸烟是影响青少年吸烟行为的最显著因子。结论：珠海市青少年尝试吸烟现象较为普遍，同伴好友、父母吸烟对青少年吸烟行为产生严重影响，应在家庭、学校、社区开展创建无烟家庭、无烟学校活动。加强青少年控烟能力的建设。在全社会形成良好的控烟青少年吸烟的支持性环境。     

Parental smoking and sociodemographic factors related to smoking among German medical students

Smoking among medical students has been found to vary strongly between European countries. Few studies have addressed factors associated with smoking among medical students within countries. In this study, we assessed the association of parental smoking and sociodemographic factors with smoking habits of medical students at the University of Ulm, Germany, Students who entered the 1st, 3rd and 5th year of medical school in fall 1992 were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Questionnaires were returned by 696 (85.2%) of 817 eligible students. Overall, 23.7% of students were current smokers, and 11.9% were former smokers. Smoking habits were related to maternal smoking: Odds ratios for the association of maternal smoking with ever or current smoking of students were 2.11 (95% CI: 1.48–3.03) and 2.01 (95% CI: 1.35–3.01), respectively, after adjustment for potential confounders in multiple logistic regression. In contrast, no asso-ciation was found between paternal smoking and students' smoking status. Male students were more likely to smoke than female students, and living in a large city during secondary school was also associated with ever smoking. No association was found between students' smoking habits and educational achievement of their mothers and fathers. These results suggest a key role of maternal smoking for smoking among medical students in this society.     

杭州市三城区初中生烟草使用及相关情况调查

目的了解杭州市下城、拱墅和西湖3城区初中生的烟草使用及相关情况。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法 ,在3城区内的21所中学以自填式问卷的方式进行调查。使用与复杂抽样调查相匹配的统计方法进行数据分析。结果 3城区初中生的尝试吸烟率和总的现在烟草使用率分别为7.73%和2.65%,并且男生高于女生,初三男生高于初一男生。在吸烟相关认知和态度方面也存在性别差异和年级差异。除学校与家庭教育外,学生主要通过电视、报纸杂志和互联网等渠道获取控烟相关信息。结论杭州市3城区初中生尝试吸烟和烟草使用行为具有显著性别和年级差异,且行为的差异可能与知识、态度乃至环境因素的差异有关。     

山东省城市中学生烟草使用情况及相关因素分析

目的 了解山东省城市中学生吸烟行为现状,为有效开展中学生控烟活动提供依据.方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取山东省中学生共8 873名进行自填匿名问卷调查.结果 山东省中学生的吸烟率为12.97％,男生为19.93％,女生为6.13％,不同性别、学校类型、家庭类型、城市类型及母亲文化程度之间的中学生吸烟率差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,男生、母亲的文化程度低、所在城市较发达、其他家庭、职高是吸烟的危险因素.结论 山东省中学生的吸烟率处于较高水平,应关注中学控烟工作,采取相应的干预控制并加强健康教育,让青少年树立正确的健康观念.     

陕西省2013年初中生烟草使用状况调查

目的 了解陕西省初中生烟草使用现状及相关因素。方法 2013年8-11月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,抽取陕西省10个地区共30所中学的初中生,使用全国统一调查问卷,组织学生集中匿名填写。结果 共发放问卷4 633份,回收有效问卷4 298份。初中生现在吸烟率为6.5%,男生（11.1%）高于女生（1.7%）。初三年级学生现在吸烟率（9.3%）高于初二年级（7.0%）、初一年级（3.5%）学生（P<0.05）。1周内可支配零钱≥ 31元的初中生吸烟率最高（10.0%）,其次是11~30元的学生（6.3%）,而≤ 10元的学生吸烟率为4.6%。多因素logistic回归分析显示：男生、城市学校、年龄大、1周内可支配零钱多、过去1周内家人吸烟天数>1 d、二手烟暴露是学生现在吸烟的危险因素。结论 陕西省初中生现在吸烟率较高,其影响因素多样,应尽早开展控烟宣教减少中学生烟草使用率。