影响足月儿发生呼吸窘迫综合征相关因素的Logistic回归分析

目的探讨影响足月儿发生呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的危险因素。方法选择本院RDS足月儿为病例组,同期住院健康足月儿为健康对照组。对2组儿童出生体质量、胎龄、性别、分娩方式、是否多胎、是否有产时窒息和宫内窘迫、母亲是否有糖尿病、是否有脐带绕颈因素进行单因素方差分析和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果单因素方差分析结果显示,影响足月儿发生RDS的因素包括男童、剖宫产、出生体质量、母亲有糖尿病、宫内窘迫、产时窒息、脐带绕颈。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果提示男童、剖宫产、出生体质量、母亲有糖尿病、宫内窘迫与足月儿RDS的发生密切相关。结论男童、剖宫产、母亲有糖尿病、宫内窘迫是足月儿发生RDS的危险因素,而高出生体质量是足月儿发生RDS的保护因素。     

新生儿脐血促红细胞生成素和内皮素测定的临床意义

目的 探讨新生儿脐血促红细胞生成素(EPO)和内皮素(ET)水平及其对缺氧因素预测的价值.方法 选择本院新生儿174例.其中健康足月新生儿依据分娩方式分为自然分娩组20例和选择性剖宫产组11例.77例无缺氧史新生儿依据孕期分为大于胎龄儿20例,小于胎龄儿加例,适于胎龄儿37例;依据胎龄分为早产儿31例,足月儿31例,过期儿15例.有缺氧高危因素的新生儿66例分为4组:重度窒息组15例,羊水混浊组25例,子癎组15例,母亲糖尿病组11例.采用放免法测定各组新生儿脐血EPO、ET水平.结果 自然分娩组EPO、ET与选择性剖宫产组比较均无统计学意义(Pa>0.05);小于胎龄儿组EPO、ET较适于胎龄儿低;出生重度窒息组ET与健康足月新生儿比较增高;羊水Ⅲ度混浊组EPO较缝康足月新生儿显著增高.子癎组EPO较健康足月新生儿显著增高,母亲糖尿病组EPO较健康足月新生儿显著增高(Pa<0.01).结论 脐血EPO、ET水平受孕期、体质量等因素的影响,其对围生期缺氧因素的预测有重要的临床意义.     

足月儿呼吸窘迫综合征发病相关因素分析

目的探讨足月儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的危险因素。方法选择2006—2009年本院新生儿科诊断RDS的足月儿为观察组,同期住院未合并RDS的足月儿为对照组。对两组胎龄、出生体重、分娩方式、宫内窘迫、窒息、脐带绕颈、母亲糖尿病、多胎等高危因素进行单因素方差分析和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 (1)两组胎龄、母亲糖尿病、多胎、脐带绕颈差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组体重低于对照组[(2713±375)g比(2994±473)g],男性比例和剖宫产率高于对照组(73.1%比56.7%,97.0%比66.4%),宫内窘迫率低于对照组(17.9%比31.3%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)多因素Logistic回归分析显示,体重、剖宫产、男性、窒息、宫内窘迫、母亲糖尿病、多胎与足月儿RDS的发生有相关性(P<0.05)。结论剖宫产、男性、窒息、母亲糖尿病是足月儿RDS发生的危险因素,高出生体重、宫内窘迫、多胎是足月儿RDS发生的保护因素。     

选择性剖宫产足月儿呼吸窘迫综合征回顾性分析

<正>国外研究表明,选择性足月儿剖官产容易产生呼吸系统问题,呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)发生率高,一旦发生往往需要呼吸支持。本研究回顾性分析新生儿重症监护病房收治的足月新生儿RDS病例的临床资料,探讨选择性剖官产与足月儿关系及RDS临床特点。1临床资料选取2010年6月至2013年6月因RDS住院的出生胎龄37~41周的足月新生儿108例为观察组;选取同期住院的出生胎龄28~32周的RDS早产儿96例为对照组。RDS诊断均符合《实用新生儿学》标准:生后不久即发生的呼吸困难,呼气性呻吟,吸气性三凹征,病情进行性加重,继而出现呼吸衰竭;体检两肺呼吸音减弱,血气分     

选择性剖宫产对(近)足月儿发生呼吸窘迫综合征的影响

目的 探讨选择性剖宫产对(近)足月儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)发生的影响.方法 以2008年11月-2009年10月在郑州大学第三附属医院NICU住院的76例诊断为RDS的(近)足月儿为研究对象,分析其分娩方式、胎龄分布.RDS(近)足月儿根据分娩方式分为2组:选择性剖宫产组和阴道分娩组,比较不同分娩方式RDS发生风险的高低;足月儿选择性剖宫产组根据胎龄分为2组,37~38+6周组和39~41+6周组,比较不同胎龄选择性剖宫产RDS发生风险的高低.结果 76例RDS(近)足月儿中63例为选择性剖宫产,占82.9%.(近)足月儿选择性剖宫产组RDS发生风险显著高于阴道分娩组(OR=2.38,95%CI 1.06~5.33,P<0.05),随着胎龄增加,RDS发病例数逐渐降低,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).足月儿选择性剖宫产组RDS发生风险显著高于阴道分娩组(OR=4.14,95%CI 1.58~10.90,P<0.01),这种风险在37~38+6周组显著升高(OR=4.50,95%CI 1.10~18.20,P<0.05),39周之后不再升高,且与阴道分娩组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 选择性剖宫产是(近)足月儿发生RDS的重要危险因素,且选择性剖宫产时机对(近)足月儿发生RDS也很重要.如果条件允许,足月儿选择性剖宫产分娩应在39周以后进行,可显著减少RDS发生.     

足月新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征危险因素及肺表面活性物质疗效评估

目的探讨足月新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）的危险因素,观察肺表面活性物质（PS）的疗效,为足月儿RDS的防治提供依据。方法选取2007年1月至2011年12月郑州大学第三附属医院NICU收治的足月儿RDS为RDS组,以同期入院的非RDS足月儿为对照组,对两组性别、胎龄、分娩方式、宫内窘迫、出生窒息、母亲妊高症、糖尿病、胎膜早破进行单因素方差分析和Logistic多因素回归分析;并以RDS组中是否给予PS治疗分为应用PS亚组和未应用PS亚组,评估PS的疗效。结果RDS组和对照组各106例进入分析。 ①RDS组发病时间为生后5 min至18 h,平均（4.9±3.4）h,其中生后6 h内发病87例（82.1%）,~12 h 16例（15.1%）,>12 h 3例（2.8%）;X线胸片分级Ⅰ级28例（26.4%）,Ⅱ级36例（34.0%）,Ⅲ级23例（21.7%）,Ⅳ级19例（17.9%）;②Logistic回归分析显示男性(OR=10.35, 95%CI:1.94~15.26)、胎龄<39周(OR=6.59,95%CI:2.33~36.51)、剖宫产(OR=7.26,95%CI:11.61~23.22)、择期剖宫产(OR=13.14,95%CI:3.55~21.84)和出生窒息(OR=4.33,95%CI: 2.74~27.39)是足月儿RDS的危险因素;③应用PS亚组72例,未应用PS亚组34例。机械通气发生率、机械通气天数、氧疗时间、住院天数和呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率应用PS亚组均显著低于未应用PS亚组（P<0.05）;两亚组气胸、肺出血、持续性肺动脉高压和动脉导管未闭发生率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论男性、胎龄<39周、剖宫产尤其是无医学指征的择期剖宫产、出生窒息是足月儿RDS的危险因素,PS治疗足月儿RDS疗效较好。     

不同胎龄新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征高危因素及临床分析

目的比较不同胎龄新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的高危因素、并发症、治疗及预后情况。方法选择2012年8月至2013年7月收治入院的156例RDS新生儿,依据胎龄分为早期早产儿组(出生胎龄34周)42例,晚期早产儿组(出生胎龄34~36周)52例,足月儿组(出生胎龄≥37周)62例。回顾性分析RDS新生儿的基本情况、围生期高危因素、临床特点、治疗及预后。结果 156例RDS新生儿中,男女比例2.25:1;3组新生儿均以男性比例为高,但组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.923);发病时间和入院年龄随胎龄增加均有递增趋势,组间差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。3组新生儿高危因素分析,出生窒息、胎盘异常、多胎妊娠、胎膜早破,均以早期早产儿最多,晚期早产儿次之;足月儿剖宫产率最高;早期早产儿不明原因早产概率高于晚期早产儿,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。3组新生儿中,足月儿的肺表面活性物质(PS)应用率最低;早期早产儿X线分级Ⅱ级以上的比例最高,吸氧和住院时间最长,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。早期早产儿合并肺部感染、颅内出血、支气管肺发育不良的概率均为最高,足月儿合并气胸的比例最高,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。3组新生儿中,早期早产儿治愈率最低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论不同胎龄RDS新生儿的发病特点、高危因素、并发症及治疗反应均存在差异,因此在诊断和治疗的时候需考虑胎龄因素。对于足月儿要严格掌握择期剖宫产的指证,减少RDS发生。     

选择性剖宫产对足月儿呼吸窘迫综合征发生的影响

目的 探讨选择性剖宫产对足月儿呼吸窘迫综合征( RDS)发生的影响.方法 根据分娩方式及剖宫产的原因分为自然分娩、选择性剖宫产和非选择性剖宫产足月儿,分析2006年1月-2010年12月本院剖宫产率,选择性剖宫产率的变化趋势及选择性剖宫产儿并发RDS的胎龄分布情况.结果 5 a来剖宫产率及选择性剖宫产率均有逐年增高趋势,剖宫产率从2006年的40.04％增加至2010年的51.12％,尤其是选择性剖宫产率从2006年的14.34％增加至2010年的23.41％;选择性剖宫产儿并发RDS的发病率也随着孕周不同而不同;自然分娩RDS的发病率为0.36％,选择性剖宫产为2.58％,差异均有统计学意义(Pa＜0.05).结论 RDS的发生与宫缩尚未发动的选择性剖宫产密切相关,随着胎龄的增加,其发病率渐降低,到胎龄40周后降至最低,因此需慎重选择剖宫产,如果条件允许,最好推迟到39周以后进行,或等宫缩发动后进行,以降低RDS的发病率.     

选择性剖宫产与足月儿呼吸窘迫综合征回顾性分析

目的 探讨选择性剖宫产对足月儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)发生的影响,并比较两中心足月儿RDS发生情况及相关影响因素.方法 以2006年6月至2008年6月,在浙江大学附属儿童医院NICU及新生儿病房(A中心)和浙江大学附属妇产科医院NICU(B中心)收治的足月儿RDS为研究对象,分析选择性剖宫产RDS的胎龄分布、所有病例有并发症组与无并发症组的比较,以及两中心临床资料的分析比较.计数资料行χ~2检验,计量资料行t检验.结果 90例足月儿RDS中88例为选择性剖宫产,占97.8%,39、40周以后的RDS构成比明显低于37周及38周时.经losistic回归分析,开始上机时间12 h是足月儿RDS发生并发症的主要危险因素(OR=12.667,P=0.021).两中心的病例在入院年龄(t=11.833,P=0.001)、胸部X线分期(χ~2=4.85,P=0.028)、PS应用(t=11.911,P=0.002)、开始上机时间(t=10.051,P=0.018)、上机前PaO_2/FiO_2(χ~2=4.184,P=0.005)、OI>25(t=4.737,P=0.03)、用氧时间(χ~2=10.475,P=0.001)、并发低血压(t=11.020,P=0.01)以及住院时间(t=9.872,P=0.002)等均存在显著性差异.结论 选择性剖宫产是足月儿RDS发生的重要影响因素,早期诊断、早期干预可以减少足月儿RDS的并发症.     

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目的 探讨早期、晚期早产儿与足月儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的发病趋势和临床特征的差异,为临床合理诊治提供依据。方法 2006年1月至2010年12月在郑州大学第三附属医院住院的963例RDS患儿根据胎龄不同分为早期早产儿组(<34周)679例,晚期早产儿组(34～<37周)204例,足月儿组(≥37周)80例,分别对各组患儿的发病率、入院情况、高危因素、临床诊治、预后及并发症进行比较。结果 RDS的发病率逐年增加,均以早期早产儿占多数,晚期早产儿和足月儿RDS比例有增多趋势;RDS患儿男婴超过女婴(P<0.05),且胎龄和体重越大,男婴比例越高;足月儿RDS组产前糖皮质激素使用率明显低于早产儿组;早产儿发生RDS的高危因素主要有胎膜早破、胎盘异常、母亲妊娠高血压疾病,足月儿发生RDS的高危因素主要是择期剖宫产与感染;晚期早产儿与足月儿RDS的临床诊断和应用肺泡表面活性物质(PS)时间均晚于早期早产儿;足月儿RDS应用机械通气比例明显高于早产儿,其临床治愈率高(P<0.05),在死亡率方面与早产儿组无差别;但并发气胸的比例高于早产儿组(P<0.05)。结论 新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)发病率逐年增高,晚期早产儿和足月儿RDS比例有增多趋势;早期、晚期早产儿与足月儿RDS在性别比例、高危因素、起病特点、治疗反应与并发症方面均存在差异,RDS的诊治需要考虑胎龄因素。足月儿RDS多与择期剖宫产、感染有关,发病相对较晚,容易合并气胸,应引起足够重视。     

住院新生儿1 434例分析

目的：了解我院2005年产科出生新生儿的出生状况和新生儿科住院病人的疾病谱。方法：对我院2005年1月至12月期间出生或住院的1 434例新生儿的流行病学资料进行回顾性分析,并与同期全国资料作比较。结果：①该时期在我院产科出生的新生儿共1 100例,早产儿比率为2.3％;剖宫产比率为54.2%,高于全国资料（49.2%,P<0.01）;新生儿死亡率为0.2％;早产儿的母亲中产前出血、先兆流产及孕期感染的发生率明显高于分娩足月儿的母亲。②该时期在我院儿科住院新生儿共有334例,早产儿占38.0%。与全国资料比较,住院新生儿中早产儿、窒息、呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）、败血症、颅内出血等疾病的比例明显高于全国资料。住院新生儿病死率为 0.9％。结论：①我院过高的剖宫产率有待于控制;②做好孕期保健和胎儿监测工作,减少早产儿、RDS、败血症和颅内出血的发生率有助于进一步降低我院新生儿死亡率。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（9）：736-739］     

晚期早产儿和足月儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床特点

目的 比较晚期早产儿或足月儿和早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)的特点,探讨晚期早产儿或足月儿RDS的临床特征和发病机理.方法 2005年5月至2007年5月,在本院住院177例RDS患儿,＜35周为早产组,103例,≥35周为晚期早产儿或足月儿组,74例.结果 早产组开始应用呼吸机时间为8.7 h,持续应用呼吸机时间4.3 d,氧合指数(Oxygenation index,OI)11.9,PaO2/PAO2 0.29,有28例应用表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant,PS),其中11例应用呼吸机,应用PS前及后2 h、8～12 h、20～24 h OI分别为10.5、5.4、3.4、4.3(P＜0.01).晚期早产儿或足月儿组开始应用呼吸机时间为27.8 h(与早产组比,下同,P＜0.01),持续应用呼吸机时间3.7 d,OI 19.70(P＜0.01),PaO2/PAO20.16(P＜0.01),8例应用PS中有7例应用呼吸机,应用PS前及后2 h,8～12 h、20～24 h OI分别为11.2、7.6、7.5、7.6(其中8～12 h、20～24 h OI与早产组比,P均＜0.05).结论 晚期早产儿或足月儿RDS患儿以产程未发动的剖宫产为主.开始应用呼吸机时间较晚,氧合情况较差,表面活性物质应用效果较差,易发生气胸和PPHN.     

2005年中南地区产科新生儿流行病学调查

目的：通过对我国中南地区城市医院分娩的新生儿的调查,了解我国中南地区新生儿出生情况。方法：抽取我国中南地区的23所医院进行调查。回顾性调查了2005年1月1日至同年12月31日期间出生的产科住院新生儿15582名。结果：（1）新生儿男女性别比为1.16∶1;（2）早产儿发生率为8.11%;（3）极低出生体重儿发生率为0.73%;（4）分娩方式：自然分娩占57.52%,剖宫产占40.82%（其中因社会因素剖宫产占29.91%）,其他产式占1.66%;（5）新生儿窒息发生率为3.78%,其中重度窒息占0.75 %;（6）新生儿死亡率为0.55%,其中早产儿死亡率为5.56%。结论：（1）我国中南地区早产儿发生率和新生儿窒息发生率均较高;（2）我国中南地区剖宫产比例较高,尤其是社会因素所占的比例过高。     

Symptomatic hypoglycemia in newborns

Out of 9014 consecutive live births in Queen Mary’s Hospital, 56 neonates developed symptoms related to hypoglycemia giving an incidence of 6.2/1000 live births. A very high incidence of low birth weight (LBW) babies (23), abnormal deliveries (25) which included cesarean section, forceps and breech deliveries, was found in these cases. Fetal distress was also noted in a significant number (21). Taking the LBW group alongwith other antenatal and natal problems, 75 percent of the neonates belonged to ‘high risk’ group. A very high mortality was found in category II (secondary hypoglycemia) which seemed to be related to the underlying primary condition rather than to hypoglycemia per se. Majority of these newborns were premature.     

Plasma endothelin-1 like immunoreactivity levels in neonates

We attempted to determine the plasma endothelin-1-like immunoreactivity (ET-1) levels and to evaluate its physiological significance in 29 neonates: 5 with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 3 with transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN), 4 with neonatal asphyxia, 5 with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) following RDS, 7 healthy preterm infants and 5 healthy full-term infants. Plasma ET-1 levels in infants with RDS were significantly higher than those in healthy full-term infants through the 1st week of life. Plasma ET-1 levels in infants with neonatal asphyxia were high on the first 2 days of life and then gradually decreased to those of healthy full-term infants. Plasma levels in infants with TTN were the same as those in healthy full-term infants. Plasma ET-1 levels in infants with BPD were high when compared with those in healthy preterm infants during the first 2 months of life. This study showed that plasma levels were markedly elevated for a long time in the infants with respiratory distress. We speculate that plasma ET-1 may be a specific marker for pulmonary endothelium injury in infants with respiratory distress.     

Influence of perinatal risk factors on CD3+/TCR αβ and CD3+/TCR γδ lymphocytes in cord blood of preterm neonates

Abstract Background : The aim of the study was the evaluation of CD3+/TCR αβ and CD3+/TCR γδ lymphocytes in the cord blood of the preterm neonates. Methods : The study included 26 term neonates as a control group delivered both by spontaneous labor and by cesarean section and 41 preterm neonates: (i) by cesarean section due to abruptio placentae, (ii) by cesarean section due to the danger of intrauterine asphyxia, (iii) by cesarean section due to preterm rupture of membrane (PROM), and (iv) by spontaneous labor. Immunological analysis was performed in the flow cytometer FACScan, using anti‐CD3, anti‐TCR αβ and anti‐TCR γδ monoclonal antibodies from Becton Dickinson (San Jose, California USA). Results : It was shown that the way of delivery does not influence the value of CD3+/TCR αβ lymphocytes. A decrease of the percentage and number of CD3+/TCR γδ lymphocytes was found in neonates delivered by elective cesarean section. However, the danger of intrauterine fetal asphyxia, as a reason for preterm delivery, influenced a considerable increase of the number of CD3+/TCR αβ and CD3+/TCR γδ lymphocytes. Perinatal risk factors (abruptio placentae, PROM) were related to the lowest number of CD3+/TCR γδ lymphocytes in the blood of the preterm neonates. Conclusion : The obtained results suggest that in spite of considerable immaturity, both a term and preterm neonate is prepared for the immune response and is able to activate cell mechanisms. The precise mechanism that links CD3+/TCR αβ and CD3+/TCR γδ lymphocytes and pathological condition of preterm birth remains unclear.     

Colloid osmotic pressure of umbilical cord plasma in healthy and sick newborn infants

Colloid osmotic pressure of umbilical cord plasma was measured in 242 healthy infants, in 34 infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), in 18 infants with asphyxia, in 13 infants who were small for gestational age, in 15 infants born to mothers with diabetes mellitus, and in 18 infants born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension. In healthy infants, colloid osmotic pressure correlated highly significantly with umbilical cord blood total protein level, gestational age, and birth weight. In infants with RDS, no correlation between colloid osmotic pressure and gestational age or birth weight was found. Infants with RDS and gestational age between 36 and 38 weeks had significantly lower colloid osmotic pressure than healthy infants, whereas colloid osmotic pressure of infants with RDS and gestational age between 32 and 35 weeks did not differ from that of healthy infants of corresponding gestational age. Healthy term infants delivered by cesarean section had significantly lower colloid osmotic pressure than infants delivered vaginally. Infants with asphyxia had significantly higher colloid osmotic pressure than healthy infants. Colloid osmotic pressure is related to the lung maturity of the near-term and term neonate. Infants with a colloid osmotic pressure greater than 16 mm Hg are unlikely to develop RDS.     

Discordance between male and female deaths due to the respiratory distress syndrome

General neonatal mortality statistics and those for the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were examined for the State of Wisconsin from 1979 through 1982. The objectives were to ascertain whether there are differences in total neonatal mortality related to sex and birth weight, to determine the veracity of reported gender differences in deaths due to RDS, and to assess the contribution of other risk factors for neonatal mortality to overall and sex-specific deaths occurring secondary to RDS. Additionally, a prospective analysis was performed at one perinatal center during a 5-year period in attempts to determine whether gender remained a significant factor in deaths due to RDS after adjusting for incidence. Overall, the most frequent diagnoses in those who died were RDS (15.6%), deaths due to complications of pregnancy (8%), immaturity (4.2%), and asphyxia (3.4%). The majority of fatalities for both sexes occur in neonates weighing less than 1 kg and the percentage of deaths attributable to RDS is greatest between 1 and 1.5 kg. The difference between sexes is also maximal in the latter weight group. Deaths secondary to RDS are greater for males regardless of Apgar score at one and five minutes, mode of delivery, maternal age, or ancillary diagnosis. These data suggest that deaths secondary to RDS are consistently greater in male neonates and that delivery within a limited "window" of time during gestation increases male susceptibility to fatal RDS.