常州市武进区2012年学龄前儿童贫血患病状况

了解2012年武进区学龄前儿童血红蛋白水平及贫血发生率,为防治学龄前儿童贫血提供依据.方法 选取常州市武进区城乡32所幼儿园共计13403名儿童,采用氰化高铁法测定血红蛋白水平.结果 武进区学龄前儿童的血红蛋白平均水平为(123.90±9.84) g/L,男童高于女童,大班儿童高于中班和小班儿童,城区儿童高于乡镇和农村儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).学龄前儿童贫血患病率为5.51%,大班儿童(4.38%)显著低于小班(5.70%)和中班儿童(6.44%)(P<0.01);城区(3.57%)、乡镇(5.68%)和农村地区(7.89%)儿童的贫血患病率差异有统计学意义(x2=81.778,P=0.000).结论 常州地区学龄前儿童贫血患病水平不高.应针对农村地区以及中小班儿童进行重点干预.     

6729名学龄前儿童贫血调查分析

目的 为掌握我县学龄前儿童的贫血现状,探索儿童常见病的发病规律及特点,降低发病率,有针对性采取干预措施,为促进婴幼儿的生长发育、提供科学依据.结果 显示:同一年龄组男女性别之间儿童贫血患病率无明显差异(P>0.05);不同年龄组(2-6岁)儿童贫血患病率有显著性差异(P<0.01);2012年较2011年患病率下降了4.42%,经统计学处理两者有显著性差异(P＜0.01).     

杭州市下城区学龄前儿童贫血情况调查分析

为了解杭州市下城区学龄前儿童营养性缺铁性贫血发生情况,对辖区内幼儿园儿童进行了贫血情况调查,现将调查结果分析报告如下.     

陕西省学龄前儿童贫血状况分析

目的利用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查陕西省的数据,分析学龄前儿童的贫血状况。方法采用国际血液标准化委员会(ICSH)推荐的氰化高铁血红蛋白法测定1150名学龄前儿童的血红蛋白浓度,分析不同地区、不同性别和不同年龄段学龄前儿童的贫血患病率。结果2002年陕西省学龄前儿童的贫血患病率为16·6%,以轻度贫血为主。男性学龄前儿童的贫血患病率为16·7%,女性为16·5%;城市学龄前儿童的贫血患病率为12·7%,农村为18·6%,农村儿童贫血患病率明显高于城市;≤1岁、2岁、3岁、4岁、5岁和6岁各年龄儿童的贫血患病率分别为33·0%、16·5%、18·1%、13·9%、10·4%和9·1%,各年龄儿童的贫血患病率差异具有显著性。结论陕西省学龄前儿童的贫血患病率较高,贫血防治应该成为儿童常见病防治工作的重点。     

东阳市学龄前儿童贫血状况调查

目的了解托幼园所儿童的贫血患病情况,为防治儿童贫血提供科学依据。方法对东阳市21所幼儿园4541名儿童血红蛋白进行检验和分析。结果学龄前儿童贫血患病率为8．65％,其中轻度贫血占8．61％,中度贫血占0．44％,未发现重度贫血患者。2—4岁年龄组贫血患病率显著高于5～7岁年龄组。个体幼儿园贫血患病率高于公办幼儿园。结论进一步加强托幼机构管理、加强贫血防治知识的宣传教育,科学喂养,平衡膳食是降低学龄前儿童贫血患病率的关键。     

海盐县学龄前儿童贫血状况调查

贫血是一种临床上十分常见的症状,在学龄前儿童中贫血现象尤其多见.贫血的种类很多,其中全球缺铁性贫血高达11亿[1],原因见于营养知识欠缺、不良的饮食习惯,也有地区性原因及多种身体疾病引起等其它因素.贫血是影响儿童生长发育的主要因素,贫血儿童的免疫功能降低,对其生长发育、智力等均有明显影响.而在托幼园所通过较大人群范围的普查体检,可以发现许多引发贫血原因的共同点,也便于实施群防群治,以期达到早诊断、早治疗和早预防的目的.为了解海盐县学龄前儿童贫血现状及影响因素,促进人口质量,笔者对4 520名3~7岁学龄前儿童贫血状况进行调查分析,报道如下.     

绵阳市2 359例儿童贫血患病现况

目的了解绵阳市儿童血红蛋白（Hb）平均水平及贫血患病现状，为制定相应预防措施提供依据。方法使用ABX MICROS60-OT全自动血液分析仪测定2359名2-12岁儿童的Hb值，计算小细胞低色素和大细胞性贫血患病率。结果儿童贫血率为16．6％，Hb平均值为126．27g／L，各年龄组Hb均值差异无显著性：2岁和6岁儿童贫血患病率较高，以小细胞低色素贫血为主：7岁以后，患大细胞性贫血比例逐渐升高，到10岁时，超过小细胞低色素贫血。结论绵阳市儿童分阶段贫血率较高，儿童贫血的防治工作仍不可忽视。     

天津市某社区常规体检0～6岁儿童贫血患病情况

目的了解社区婴幼儿贫血的患病情况，探讨其病因，从而实施相应的防治措施，为儿童保健工作提供依据。方法2005年在天津市红桥区芥园医院儿保门诊进行常规体检的儿童为普查对象。用氰化高铁法测定幼儿的血红蛋白含量，并进行贫血诊断分析。结果0～6岁儿童贫血患病率为41．8％，以3岁以内儿童为主；男女幼儿贫血患病率相比，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；母乳喂养儿贫血患病率为28．3％，人工喂养儿贫血患病率为65．5％，二者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论该社区儿童贫血患病率与全国水平一致，其中以0～3岁偏高，添加辅食不及时，未实施母乳喂养为主要原因。应通过大力宣教喂养方式，改变膳食结构，提高儿童免疫力，有效地预防贫血的发生。     

灵宝市学龄前儿童营养性贫血患病率调查

营养性贫血是全球儿童常见的营养性缺乏病 ,可对机体产生严重的危害 ,导致儿童生长发育减慢 ,学习成绩下降以及行为异常等。因此对于城乡儿童营养性贫血现状的了解及治疗至关重要。为此 ,我们于 2 0 0 0年 3月对灵宝市 2 950名学龄前儿童进行了贫血患病率的调查 ,结果如下。1　对象与方法1 .1　对象　灵宝市 6所幼儿园共 2 950名学龄前儿童作为调查对象 ,男 1 3 96名 ,女 1 554名 ,年龄 1岁半至 2岁 ,其中 2岁～ 556名 ;3岁～ 53 2名 ;4岁～ 54 2名 ;5岁～ 51 6名 ;6岁～ 54 2名 ,7岁～ 2 62名 ;各幼儿园的膳食管理及儿童的社会背景资料差异…     

不同经济状况的农村学龄前儿童贫血患病率调查分析

贫血是儿童的常见病、多发病,它严重影响儿童的健康成长和智力发育。为了解不同经济状况的农村学龄前儿童的贫血患病率,为制定预防对策提供科学依据,我们于1997年,对我市上、中、下3类经济状况的农村1～6岁学龄前儿童,进行了营养性贫血的调查,报告如下。1 材料与方法1.1 调查对象 选择我市有一定代表性的46个自然村,按不同的经济状况(市统计局提供)分为上(人均收入1500～2000元/年)、中(人均收入1000～1500元/年)、下(人均收入1000元/年以下)3个层次,在每个层次中采用整群随机抽样法,在经济状状上等的村抽查698名儿童,经济状况中等的村抽查824名儿     

中国南方10个县级市学龄前儿童贫血流行状况

目的 描述学龄前儿童贫血状况与分布特征。方法 资料来源于“中美预防神经管畸形合作项目”围生保健监测的常规报告及儿童随访研究项目。采用WHO推荐的儿童贫血诊断标准。研究对象为2000年浙江、江苏两省10市64466名3．5～6．5岁儿童，计算患病率并描述其分布特征。结果 贫血患病率为21．39％（13789／64466，95％CI：21．07～21．71），以轻度贫血为主（占99％以上）。贫血患病率，女童高于男童，5岁后显著高于5岁前，母亲文化程度低、职业为农民及新生儿期为人工喂养儿童贫血患病率较高，单胎与多胎、低出生体重与正常出生体重者的贫血患病率比较，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论 我国南方学龄前儿童贫血患病率仍处于较高水平，与母亲文化程度、喂养方式等可干预的因素密切关联。，     

Micronutrient deficiencies and anemia among preschool children in rural Vietnam

The prevalence of trace elements deficiencies, vitamin A deficiency, anemia, and their relationships were investigated in a cross sectional study involving 243 children aged from 12 to 72 months in rural Vietnam. Serum levels of copper, zinc, selenium and magnesium were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and that of retinol by high performance liquid chromatography. Hemoglobin concentration in whole blood was measured by the cyanmethemoglobin method. The prevalence of deficiencies in zinc, selenium, magnesium, and copper was 86.9%, 62.3%, 51.9%, and 1.7%, respectively. On the other hand, 55.6% were anemic and 11.3% had vitamin A deficiency. Deficiency in two or more micronutrient was found in 79.4% of the children. Parameters associated significantly with anemia were selenium deficiency (OR 2.80 95% CI 1.63-4.80, p=0.0002) and serum retinol<1.05 micromol/L (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.10-3.05, p=0.021). Magnesium deficiency (OR 3.09 95% CI 1.36-7.03) was found to be a risk factor for zinc deficiency and vice versa. The results indicate that micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent among preschool children in Vietnam. In addition, the results also demonstrate a strong relationship between selenium deficiency and anemia. Clearly, sustainable strategies are urgently required to overcome the problems in the country.     

Distribution of anemia among preschool children from the semi-arid region of Bahia

The objective of this survey was to determine the prevalence of anemia and potential determinants thereof in 754 children from urban areas of seven small towns in the semi-arid region of Bahia. Hemoglobin was measured in 745 children 1 to 72 months of age. For the 6-to-72 month-old group, hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dl was considered anemia (following WHO recommendations) whereas <9.5 g/dl was considered severe anemia. The same cutoffs were used for children under 6 months, which are the same ones used in clinical-hematology. A mean hemoglobin of 12.1 g/dl was found, distributed differently according to age groups (p=0.001). The study found prevalences of 22.2 % for anemia and 5.8% for severe anemia, respectively. Occurrence of anemia varied significantly with age (p=0.001); the highest prevalence was 50.0% in children 12 to 23 months of age, followed by 29.9% in children below 12 months. The association of anemia with mother's education (controlled for age) and per capita family income was not statistically significant.     

焦作市婴幼儿及学龄前儿童贫血现状的分析

目的了解本市6个月~6岁婴幼儿及学龄前儿童贫血的现状。方法随机抽取5个社区的婴幼儿及学龄前儿童作为研究对象,采用全自动血细胞分析仪检测血常规。结果我市6个月~6岁婴幼儿及学龄前儿童血红蛋白贫血总检出率为12.6%,红细胞数量减少的检出率为13.0%,小红细胞低色素性的检出率为14.3%;贫血的发生率与年龄有关(P<0.01);母乳喂养和非母乳喂养及及时添加辅食和未及时添加辅食与贫血的关系也有明显差异(P<0.01)。结论贫血特别是营养性贫血的防治以2岁以下的婴幼儿为重点。     

学龄前儿童屈光异常及其影响因素分析

目的:对省海盐县学龄前儿童屈光异常的发生情况以及可能的影响因素进行调查分析,以期为相关防治措施提供依据.方法:选择2011年3月～2014年3月期间对海盐县20所幼儿园共8000名幼儿,排除资料不全者,共计7 886例幼儿人选本研究资料.对以上幼儿进行屈光不正检查,对屈光异常幼儿视力进行复查,若幼儿存在视力异常则给予眼科专科检查以排除是否合并有器质性病变.同期对幼儿家长进行相关影响因素的问卷调查.结果:存在弱视的幼儿共1 743名,占复诊幼儿的80.14％,其中远视性1 256名(72.06％),近视性61名(3.50％),混合散光426名(24.44％).弱视屈光类型中远视性占据了绝大多数,但单存在下降的趋势,混合散光的检出率有逐渐上升的趋势.在可能影响学龄前儿童屈光异常的因素中,妊娠期孕产妇的烟酒史、幼儿家族史、早产、过高的用眼频率、出生体重低体重以及家庭低收入等在屈光异常幼儿中所占的比例高于屈光正常的幼儿(P均＜0.05).结论:对学龄前儿童的屈光筛查应引起儿童眼保健工作者的足够重视,对幼儿屈光不正争取做到早期发现,早期诊断,早期治疗,有利于儿童的健康成长,对我国国民素质的提高有积极的影响.     

Risk factors of anemia among women in the child bearing period and preschool children in Alexandria

This study was carried out to determine the risk of some social and biological maternal factors which may contribute to occurrence of anemia among mothers and preschool children. A community based comparative study was chosen for the conduction of this work. The target population were 400 women in the child bearing period, having at least one preschool child (440). Capillary blood samples were taken by finger prick method and hemoglobin level was estimated by Sahly method. According to the cut off level of hemoglobin, women were classified into anemic and non anemic. In addition to that, 440 preschool children belonging to these women were classified according to the cut off level of their hemoglobin into 165 anemic children and 275 non anemic ones. An interview questionnaire was used to collect the data. Analysis of results showed that age of mother (30 years and above), illiteracy, high parity, history of previous abortion, history of previous perinatal mortality, small inter-birth interval and non use of contraceptives are significant risk factors for mothers. However, mother occupation and state of pregnancy has no role in occurrence of anemia among mothers. In addition to that, high parity, history of previous abortion, history of perinatal mortality, short inter-birth interval, non use of contraceptives and pregnancy are maternal risk factors responsible for anemia among preschool children. While, mother age, education and occupation has no role for occurrence of anemia among preschool children.     

德阳地区学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血的流行病学调查及影响因素分析

目的分析德阳地区学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血的患病现状及其影响因素,为儿童缺铁性贫血的防治提供科学依据。方法选取2016年1-12月在德阳市人民医院门诊体检的健康学龄前儿童1452例为研究对象,对其进行儿童缺铁性贫血的筛查,并设置统一的问卷调查,分析学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血的影响因素。结果1452例受检儿童共检出儿童缺铁性贫血患儿120例,患病率为8.26%,其中6~12个月的患病率为13.76%,1~3岁的患病率为7.90%,4~6岁的患病率为4.38%,不同年龄儿童患病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),6~12个月的幼儿是儿童缺铁性贫血的主要人群。单因素分析结果显示,年龄、出生体质量、喂养的方式、消化功能、辅食添加时间、妊娠期贫血情况、父母亲的文化程度、家庭饮食习惯、铁制剂服用情况、家庭收入为学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血的影响因素(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,出生低体质量、消化功能、添加辅食时间、妊娠期贫血、家庭饮食习惯为学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论德阳地区学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血的主要影响因素为出生低体质量、消化功能、添加辅食时间、妊娠期贫血、家庭饮食习惯,在早期关注孕妇及胎儿的营养状况,适时添加辅食及合理搭配儿童的饮食结构,可起到预防儿童缺铁性贫血的作用。     

Morbidity among children attending preschool institutions

The paper provides data on children morbidity in departmental preschool institutions during nine years period (1981-1989) and labour losses due to the care for sick children. The pattern of general morbidity, dispensary group, classification of children by groups of health are provided. Health-promoting activities for frequently ailing children are described, their effectiveness as to the level of reducing morbidity is shown. The further stage of improving the work on health promotion is the construction of children's curative and health-promoting complex staffed with 43.5 persons.