多发性肌炎并发心脏损害1例

1病例资料患者,女,72岁,主因"活动时胸闷、气短5个月,加重伴心悸乏力2d"于2011-10-30收入我院。患者入院前5个月开始于慢走约1 000米时出现胸闷、气短,持续数分钟,休息后缓解,未予以诊治。活动耐量呈进行性下降,入院前慢走约100米即出现上述症状。无咳嗽、咳痰,无夜间阵发性呼吸困难。入院前2d再发胸闷、气短,持续约1h,伴心悸、双下肢乏力。在当地医院查心电图发现Ⅲ、aVF     

甘草酸制剂导致顽固性低血钾1例报告

<正>1临床资料患者女性,54岁,因"间断皮肤、巩膜黄染7年,加重4 d"于2016年10月12日入院。15 d前出现发热,伴咳嗽、咳痰,自服"众生片"1周(3片/次,3次/d)后好转。4 d前出现皮肤、巩膜黄染,恶心,病程中有胸闷、气短,无腹痛、腹泻,睡眠尚可。既往:7年前使用灭蚊剂4 d后出现上腹不适,皮肤、巩膜重度黄染,肝功能酶学指标明显升高(具体不详),保肝治疗半个月后好转。5个月前出现胸闷、气短,自服中药(具体不详)3个月后好转。否认肝炎、结核病史及接触史,否认饮酒史。入院时     

第96例--咳嗽、气短、双肺大片实变影

临床资料 例1 患者男性,58岁,因咳嗽3个月、气短2周,发热3 d于2004年4月29日拟社区获得性肺炎入院.患者2004年2月无明显诱因出现咳嗽、咳少量白黏痰,因未诊治咳嗽渐加重伴头痛、乏力,活动后自汗,以后病情进行性加重,自觉活动耐量明显下降.2周前因活动后气短明显,出现不能上楼,经平卧可略缓解.     

艾滋病合并猪霍乱沙门菌感染1例

1 临床资料 患者,男,42岁,农民,因"反复发热、咳嗽、乏力、纳差、消瘦半年,再次发热、咳嗽半个月",于2011年8月6-30日至云南省大理州人民医院就诊.患者人院前半年反复出现发热,体温37.8～40.0℃,热型不规则,无明显寒战;时有咳嗽、咳痰,痰呈白色黏液状,有时为黄色浓痰;伴乏力,纳差,体重下降10 kg.曾按"上呼吸道感染"治疗后好转,体温下降2～3d后又出现发热.入院前半个月患者病情反复,出现发热、咳嗽,外院胸片示肺部感染.     

以肺实变为主要表现的淋巴瘤1例

正患者男,46岁,因"间断咳嗽、咳痰、发热2年,加重伴呼吸困难半月"于2015年1月30日入院。患者2年前因受凉后开始出现咳嗽、咳痰,伴发热,T38℃以上,伴活动后气促,在当地医院行胸部CT提示:肺部感染,经抗感染治疗后症状好转,未复查胸部CT。2年间患者数次出现类似症状,自行在诊所输液治疗后症状可缓解,但渐进出现活动后气短、乏力、精神差。半月前上述症状再发加重,咳少量黄色     

肺隔离症合并真菌性脓肿一例

患者女,25岁,因"乏力、纳差1个月余,伴咳嗽、咳痰、发热2 d"于2010年收入首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院呼吸科.患者入院1个月前无明显诱因出现乏力和纳差,2 d前开始咳嗽、咳黄痰,发热,体温高达39℃,伴寒战及全身肌肉酸痛.入院前1天X线胸片示左肺片状影,怀疑左侧胸膜病变,左侧肺炎投影区可见气液平面,考虑为"胸膜炎"收入院.患者自发病以来食欲差,睡眠尚可,大小便如常,体重下降约2～3 kg.既往史:否认明确疾病史,父母诉幼时曾患"肺炎",体质差,常感冒、咳嗽、咳痰,服中药后好转;不吸烟,偶饮酒,否认食物及药物过敏史.     

肺泡蛋白沉积症1例

<正>临床资料患者男性,41岁,农民。2017年4月6日以"间断气短2年,咳嗽3d"之主诉入院。既往吸烟10年余,每日20支。2年前患者无明显原因及诱因出现气短,气短以活动后为著,无咳嗽、咳痰、咯血,无发热、乏力、盗汗,无胸闷、胸痛。曾多次就诊当地医院,未见明显异常。未重视,未规范诊疗。3d前患者无明显原因及诱因出现咳嗽,呈阵发性,无明显咳痰,气短不著,无胸闷、胸痛。于当地医院行胸X线     

肝活检病理学诊断α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症1例

患者,男性,47岁,河南籍人,主因"目黄、尿黄,伴间断咳嗽、气短2个月余"入院。患者于2个月前因咳嗽、气短,在当地医院检查诊断为"胸腔积液",给予抗生素(具体药名不详)治疗4d稍有好转,后出现目黄、尿黄,就诊于另一所医院检查肝功能异常,TBil 137.0μmol/L,     

肺癌伴自身免疫性溶血性贫血危象1例的诊治体会

<正>患者,男,56岁。因"咳嗽、咳痰3个月,加重伴胸闷、胸痛、乏力、活动后心慌气促1个月"入住本院。患者于2012年6月(具体发病日期不详)无明显诱因出现咳嗽,呈阵发性干咳,伴黄痰,量不多。无胸闷、气促、发热、盗汗。口服抗生素及止咳药物治疗效果不佳。1个月后,出现左侧胸痛,呈持续性隐痛,伴咳嗽、咳黄色粘痰,感乏力、胸闷,气短,活动后明显,休息后略减轻,无发热、盗汗,在当地应用头     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病治疗不当致侵袭性肺曲霉菌病1例报告

正1病例资料患者男,84岁,因"间断咳嗽、气短20余年,加重2个月,咯血伴发热2 d"于2015-01-09入院。患者20年前无明显诱因出现咳嗽,伴气短,自觉症状可耐受,二十余年来未予以特殊诊治。2个月前患者着凉后于夜间睡眠时突感气短加重,伴有咳嗽及胸闷不适,无法平卧,遂就诊于当地医院,入院后行胸部CT检查(见图1),予以甲基泼尼松龙     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.