孤立性肺结节的诊治分析

目的总结孤立性肺结节(SPN)的诊断和治疗体会。方法回顾性分析我院2010年1月~2014年5月手术治疗的120例SPN患者的临床资料。结果术后病理检查提示良性病变30例,包括结核瘤10例,错构瘤8例,炎性假瘤6例,硬化性血管瘤2例,肺囊肿2例,霉菌球1例,淋巴结1例;恶性病变90例,包括腺癌56例,鳞癌26例,腺鳞癌3例,小细胞癌1例,大细胞癌1例,转移癌3例。SPN良、恶性患者年龄、临床症状、吸烟指数、结节直径、毛刺分叶症、结节边界、胸膜牵拉、胸膜皱缩比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论患者年龄、临床症状、吸烟指数、结节直径、毛刺分叶症、结节边界模糊、胸膜牵拉、胸膜皱缩对判断SPN的良恶性有重要意义;对于可疑恶性病变者,应积极手术治疗。     

外科治疗孤立性肺结节127例

目的 总结诊断和治疗孤立性肺结节的临床经验.方法 手术治疗127例.首先用闭合器楔形切除病变送术中快速病理,如为良性病变,则关胸.如为恶性肿瘤,则行肺叶切除加淋巴结清扫.术中诊断为肺癌96例,良性病变31例.结果 全组无手术死亡,无严重并发症发生.病理分期:Ⅰ期29例,Ⅱ期60例,Ⅲ期7例.结论 对于术前不能明确诊断且恶性肿瘤不能排除的孤立性肺结节,应积极手术.     

孤立性肺结节良恶性诊断的临床影响因素

目的探讨孤立性肺结节（solitary pulmonary nodule,SPN）良恶性诊断的相关临床影响因素及外科治疗策略。方法回顾性分析2010年11月至2012年3月在山东大学附属省立医院行手术治疗的151例SPN患者的临床及病理资料,其中男89例、女62例,年龄30～80（57．99±0．86）岁,比较不同临床因素对恶性率影响的差异。结果良性SPN29例,恶性122例。恶性SPN IA期58例,IB期30例,ⅡA期7例,ⅢA期25例,Ⅳ期2例。恶性SPN的平均直径大于良性（2．03cm1VS．1．77cm,P=0．039）,直径大于2cm者的恶性率高于2cm以下者（90．3％VS．74．2％,P=0．013）,恶性患者的平均年龄大于良性患者（60．39岁VS．47．90岁,P〈0．01）,年龄45岁以上患者的恶性率高于〈45岁患者（86．4％VS．38．9％,P〈0．01）。不同性别、有无临床症状、有无吸烟史、吸烟指数≤400支／年和〉400支／年、不同部位的恶性率差异无统计学意义。结论SPN的良恶性诊断应当综合患者的病史、年龄、结节直径、形态、动态变化进行判断,性别、有无临床症状、吸烟与否、吸烟指数及位置作为诊断参考因素的意义不大。     

105例原发周围型肺内孤立小结节的诊治

早期孤立性肺结节（SPN）的明确诊断是一大难题。回顾性分析我院1992年至2005年收治的105例良、恶性肺部小结节病例，总结其各种特点，以期进一步提高对肺部小结节早期诊断，达到及时治疗的目的。     

孤立性肺结节的良恶性鉴别诊断进展

孤立性肺结节（solitary pulmonary nodule,SPN）是指直径〈30 mm的肺内结节,多于体检或因其他疾病在医院检查时发现,患者无其他肺部病变相对应的症状和体征,因而早期很难确定其性质。SPN存在一定的恶性概率,早期诊断成为影响预后的关键,如何鉴别其良恶性是临床诊治的难题之一。仅仅根据SPN的大小、特征,难以作出准确的判断。近年来,随着新型纤维支气管镜、高分辨率CT、胸腔镜技术的发展,为临床上鉴别SPN的良恶性提供了帮助,现对SPN鉴别诊断方面的进展进行综述。     

胸腔镜辅助治疗孤立性肺结节120例分析

目的 探讨孤立性肺结节（solitary pulmonary nodule,SPN）的临床诊断和外科治疗方法.方法 对我院2006年1月～2012年6月手术治疗120例SPN进行回顾性分析.均经胸部CT扫描,肺周围结节82例,近肺门结节38例.术式包括单纯病变切除或剔除术22例,肺楔形切除术57例,肺段切除术9例,肺叶切除术32例.结果 术后病理证实恶性结节78例（65.0％）,包括肺原发恶性肿瘤51例,其中非小细胞肺癌39例（病理分期ⅠA期T1N0M0 19例,ⅡA期T1N1M09例,ⅢA期T1N2M0 11例）;转移瘤27例.良性结节42例（35.0％）.CT诊断肺恶性结节的敏感性为71.8％ （56/78）,特异性为33.3％ （14/42）;正电子计算机体层扫描（PET-CT）分别为93.4％（57/61）和76.0％（19/25）;经皮肺穿刺活检分别为92.8％（64/69）和100％（13/13）.结论 SPN的影像学静态特征在临床医生的分析判断中发挥着重要作用.对于有危险因素、直径＞ 10 mm的SPN,应积极采取对应的检查、诊断和治疗措施.     

孤立性肺内结节120例诊治体会

我科自2002年12月至2005年12月收治的并经手术治疗、病理确诊的孤立性肺内结节120例,对其临床表现、影像学特征、诊断及治疗进行讨论。     

胸腔镜手术在孤立性肺结节诊断和治疗中的应用

目的探讨胸腔镜手术在孤立性肺结节诊断和治疗中的价值。方法1994年5月～2009年11月,经胸片、胸部CT发现的周围型孤立性肺结节(直径≤3cm)115例,术前均无明确病理诊断,经胸腔镜手术局部切除,术中送快速冰冻病理检查,根据病理结果和病人情况决定手术方式。原发性肺癌行全胸腔镜或胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除、淋巴结清扫40例;行肺楔形切除75例,其中良性肿瘤59例、转移癌11例、不适合肺叶切除的原发性肺癌5例。结果所有病人均明确病理诊断,确诊率100%。术中、术后并发症10例(8.7%,10/115):全胸腔镜肺叶切除术中肺动脉分支出血1例,转小切口开胸止血;胸引管拔除超过1周3例,呼吸功能不全3例,肺不张、胸腔积液、切口感染各1例,经对症治疗治愈。无严重手术并发症,无手术死亡。良性肿瘤59例随访2～176个月,平均44.5月,无复发。原发性肺癌行全胸腔镜肺叶切除、淋巴结清扫18例,随访3～24个月,平均11个月,1例24个月复发仍存活,其余无复发。结论胸腔镜手术在明确孤立性肺结节病理诊断方面有不可取代的重要作用。良性孤立性肺结节得到治愈,原发肺癌可以得到明确诊断,及时有效的治疗,微创效果显著。     

106例孤立性肺结节的临床及影像学特征分析

目的通过研究孤立性肺结节(SPN)临床及影像学特征,寻找判断SPN良恶性的影响因素。方法选取经手术切除并明确病理诊断的106例SPN患者。以SPN良恶性分组,比较2组临床资料和影像学特征,探讨判断SPN良恶性的影响因素。结果 2组患者年龄、毛刺征、磨玻璃结节的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果示:患者的年龄、毛刺征、磨玻璃结节是预测SPN良恶性的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论患者的年龄、毛刺征、磨玻璃结节与SPN良恶性高度相关。对于高龄、毛刺征、磨玻璃结节患者,其SPN为恶性的可能性较大。     

PET scanning and the solitary pulmonary nodule

The finding of a solitary pulmonary nodule on a chest radiograph is a common problem in pulmonary medicine and is seen in about 1 in 500 chest radiographs. Of the benign lesions, 80% are infectious granulomas, 10% are hamartomas, and the remaining 10% are caused by a variety of rarer disorders including noninfectious granulomas and other benign tumors. The prevalence of malignancy ranges from 10% to 68% in the literature. Because of the high prevalence of malignancy and the poor survival for lung cancer, early detection, characterization, and directed treatment are important. Positron emission tomography with 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) can play an important role in the evaluation and management of solitary pulmonary nodules. This includes improved characterization of solitary pulmonary nodules with very high negative predictive value and improved staging information when performed in association with CT, especially for nodal staging and identification of unsuspected stage IV disease. PET also provides additional information for management of solitary pulmonary nodules by estimating the probability of malignancy.     

Management of solitary pulmonary nodule

OBJECTIVES: The pulmonary nodule is an important diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Diagnostic certainty is only obtained by histological examination. Mini-invasive surgery allows removal of the nodule with minimal sequelae for the patient. METHODS: From October 1991 to December 2006, 370 resections for a pulmonary nodule were performed at our Department of General Surgery of the University of Milan: 276 wedge resections and 94 lobectomies. RESULTS: Frozen section was performed in all the wedge resections, and in the presence of cancer (77 cases), whenever possible (61 cases), the intervention was converted to lobectomy in the same session. In the other 94 cases, the nodule was removed by lobectomy due to the impossibility of performing a wedge resection. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the refinement of diagnostic techniques, only exeresis of a pulmonary nodule ensures a definitive diagnosis, thus resolving the problem of benign pathologies and initiating the correct therapy for malignant lesions in the same session.     

Radiologic evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule

The radiologic evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodules can be a complex process. Modalities, which can be used, include the chest radiograph, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography scanning. Interventional radiology can also play a role with image-guided transthoracic needle aspiration of indeterminate pulmonary nodules. The primary role of radiologic evaluation is to try to differentiate benign from malignant pulmonary nodules. The imaging findings that can be helpful in making this distinction as well as the limitations of each of the modalities are discussed. For the purpose of this review, solitary pulmonary nodule mimics such as skin or rib lesions, vascular malformations, and areas of rounded atelectasis are not discussed.     

Diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule: optimal strategy based on nodal size

We attempted to determine the smallest size of nodule that could be accurately diagnosed by fluoroscopic fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) and computed tomography (CT) guided trans-corporeal biopsy (CTGB) procedures. Parenchymal lesions (n=1483) detected using chest roentgenography were investigated in the present study, and the diagnostic capabilities of FFB and CTGB were determined based on receiver-operating characteristic curves. A total of 990 nodules (67%) were diagnosed using FFB, while 58 (4%) were diagnosed with CTGB, 339 (23%) by surgery, and 100 (6%) by other methods. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.74 (0.72<95% CI <0.77) in FFB cases and 0.95 (0.92<95% CI <0.98) in CTGB cases. FFB was found capable of diagnosing nodules with sizes between 0 and 1.0 cm, 1.0 and 1.5 cm, 1.5 and 2.0 cm, and more than 2.0 cm at ratios of 0/58 (0%), 19/115 (16%), 59/141 (35%), and 1072/1173 (97%), respectively (P<0.0001). The diagnostic ability of CTGB for nodules categorized in the same manner was 0/25 (0%), 2/29 (7%), 5/24 (21%), and 53/63 (84%), respectively (P<0.0001). For SPNs smaller than 1.5 cm in diameter, both FFB and CTGB showed a low diagnostic sensitivity.     

肝脏孤立性坏死结节15例诊治分析

目的探讨肝脏孤立性坏死结节的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1999年6月至2005年12月收治的15例肝脏孤立性坏死结节患者的临床资料,结合文献对其临床症状、影像学特点、诊断和治疗方法进行总结。结果15例患者中右上腹隐痛不适者7例（46．7％）,乏力1例（6．7％）,低热1例（6．7％）。B超检查肝孤立性坏死结节显示为边界尚清、回声欠均的低回声结节。CT平扫呈相对肝实质的低密度病灶,增强后在动脉、门静脉期均无强化。磁共振成像检查T1W1上病变呈边界清楚的相对于肝实质的低信号,在T2WI上病灶为等或相对低信号。组织病理学检查示病灶内为大片凝固性坏死,无组织细胞结构,周边有纤维组织包绕,其中含淋巴细胞、浆细胞和单核细胞。实验室检查提示肝功能轻度异常3例,甲胎蛋白定量定性均为阴性。术前正确诊断4例（26．7％）。15例均行手术切除,经3个月～6年的随访,无复发。结论结合临床特点和影像学表现的综合分析有助于术前诊断肝脏孤立性坏死结节。手术切除是主要的治疗方法。     

肝脏孤立性坏死结节十例

目的 探讨肝脏孤立性坏死结节的临床表现、治疗方法和预后.方法 回顾性分析经手术治疗的10例肝脏孤立性坏死结节患者的临床资料.结果 该病好发于男性(7/10),中位年龄47岁.患者多无临床症状(8/10);多不合并肝炎病毒感染,肿瘤标记物CA199,AFP,CEA等正常.本组9例患者为单发病灶,l例为2个病灶,其中7个病灶位于肝左叶,4个病灶位于肝右叶.结节大小为(2.9±1.1) cm.MRI检查T1WI扫描肿瘤呈低信号或中信号,T2WI扫描肿瘤呈低或稍高信号,增强扫描无强化或有周边强化,MRI有较高的诊断准确率,达66.7％ (4/6).术前穿刺活检较难定性.术后病理检查提示病灶结节中心由坏死的肝细胞组成,周边为增生的纤维细胞、炎性细胞及多核巨细胞,5例患者存在肝组织脂肪变性.10例患者病灶均经手术切除,经随访6～67个月,无复发.结论 该病病因尚未达成共识,由于临床少见,临床医师认识不足,容易误诊,如能诊断准确,可随访观察,本病预后良好.