Survival Analysis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comparison Between Young Patients and Aged Patients

Background:

To compare the clinicopathological features and prognosis between younger and aged patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods:

We analyzed the outcome of 451 HCC patients underwent liver resection, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation, respectively. Then risk factors for aged and younger patients’ survival were evaluated by multivariate analysis, respectively.

Results:

The patients who were older than 55 years old were defined as the older group. The overall survival for aged patients was significantly worse than those younger patients. The younger patients had similar liver functional reserve but more aggressive tumor factors than aged patients. Cox regression analysis showed that the elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (Wald χ² = 3.963, P = 0.047, hazard ratio [HR] =1.453, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.006–2.098), lower albumin (Wald χ² = 12.213, P < 0.001, HR = 1.982, 95% CI: 1.351–2.910), tumor size (Wald χ² = 8.179, P = 0.004, HR = 1.841, 95% CI: 1.212–2.797), and higher alpha-fetoprotein level (Wald χ² = 4.044, P = 0.044, HR = 1.465, 95% CI: 1.010–2.126) were independent prognostic factors for aged patients, while only elevated levels of AST (Wald χ² = 14.491, P < 0.001, HR = 2.285, 95% CI: 1.493–3.496) and tumor size (Wald χ² = 21.662, P < 0.001, HR = 2.928, 95% CI: 1.863–4.604) were independent prognostic factors for younger patients.

Conclusions:

Age is a risk factor to determine the prognosis of patients with HCC. Aged patients who have good liver functional reserve are still encouraged to receive curative therapy.     

夜间血液透析患者退出原因及危险因素分析

目的 分析夜间血液透析(nocturnal hemodialysis,NHD)患者退出的原因并探讨其危险因素.方法 收集第二军医大学长征医院2009年2月至2016年11月行NHD满3个月后退出NHD的47例患者和维持NHD的64例患者的临床资料,收集患者一般资料,比较两组患者首次行NHD及末次行NHD时的血红蛋白、血小板、白蛋白、铁蛋白、血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素等指标的差异,采用Cox回归模型分析患者退出NHD和死亡的危险因素.结果 47例患者退出NHD,行NHD的平均时间为(31.55±20.30)个月,退出原因分别是死亡、转院、转传统血液透析(CHD)、肾移植及其他.单因素Cox回归分析显示,在原发疾病中,高血压肾病(P=0.007,HR=2.913,95％CI:1.348～6.293)和糖尿病肾病(P=0.047,HR=2.401,95％CI:1.014～5.685)是NHD患者退出的危险因素,慢性肾炎综合征(P＜0.001,HR=0.095,95％CI:0.046～0.195)则是保护因素;在血液检测指标中,低白蛋白水平(P=0.007,HR=0.904,95％CI:0.840～0.973)是NHD患者退出的危险因素;高龄(P=0.027,HR=1.052,95％CI:1.006～1.101)是NHD患者退出的危险因素.多因素Cox回归分析显示,低白蛋白水平(P=0.007,HR=0.911,95％CI:0.848～0.991)是NHD患者死亡的独立危险因素.结论 高血压肾病和糖尿病肾病是NHD患者退出的危险因素,慢性肾炎综合征是其保护因素.低白蛋白是NHD患者死亡的独立危险因素.     

术后经导管动脉化疗栓塞对肝内胆管细胞癌患者远期预后的影响

目的 评估术后经导管动脉化疗栓塞(pTACE)对肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)患者远期预后的影响,并鉴别适合进行术后pTACE辅助治疗的ICC患者.方法 纳入2010年1月至2011年1 2月在第二军医大学东方肝胆外科医院接受根治性切除术治疗的114例ICC患者,通过单因素和多因素分析确定总生存期(()S)和无复发生存期(RFS)的独立危险因素.有l项及以上复发危险因素的患者被定义为高风险组(n=73),没有复发危险因素的被定义为低风险组(n=41),比较pTACE对这两组患者预后的影响.结果 多因素分析结果显示多发肿瘤(HR=3.515,95％CI:2.083～5.932,P＜0.00l)、肿瘤最大径＞5 cm(HR=2.050,95％CI:1.309～3.210,P=0.002)、微血管侵犯(HR=2.287,95％CI:1.104～4.736,P=0.026)、手术切缘阳性(HR=5.089,95％ CI.2.055～12.600,P＜0.001)和淋巴结转移(HR=2.880,95％CI:1.579～5.251,P=0.00l)是()S的独立危险因素;多发肿瘤(HR=2.752,95％CI:1.619～4.678,P＜0.001)、肿瘤最大径＞5 cm(HR=2.010,95％CI:1.298～3.113,P=0.002)和微血管侵犯(HR=3.857,95％CI:1.856～8.013,P＜0.001)是RFS的独立危险因素.虽然pTACE不是OS或RFS的独立预后因素,但pTACE可以改善高风险组患者的OS和RFS(P＜0.05).结论 具有术后复发危险因素的ICC患者可从pTACE中获益,应该建议接受pTACE治疗.     

Short- and Long-term Outcomes in Patients with Connective Tissue Diseases Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background:

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Risk factors and clinical characteristics in these patients are not equivalent to those in traditional CAD patients. The objective of this study was to report short- and long-term clinical outcomes in a consecutive series of patients with CTD who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation.

Methods:

The study group comprised 106 consecutive patients with CTD who underwent PCI in Beijing Friendship Hospital between January 2009 and June 2012. Medical records were analyzed retrospectively including clinical basic material, coronary angiogram data, and the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) during the short- and long-term (median 3 years) follow-up.

Results:

Ninety-two of the patients (86.8%) had one or more traditional CAD risk factors. Multivessel disease was present in more than 2/3 of patients (73.6%). The left anterior descending coronary artery was the most commonly affected vessel (65.1%). Five bare-metal stents and 202 drug-eluting stents were implanted. After a median follow-up period of 36 months, thirteen patients (12.3%) died from cardiac causes, the rate of stent thrombosis was 9.4%, and the rate of target vessel revascularization (TVR) was 14.2%. Multivariate analysis revealed that hypertension (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30–7.24, P = 0.041), anterior myocardial infarction (HR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.06–7.03, P = 0.04), longer duration of steroid treatment (HR = 3.60, 95% CI: 1.43–9.08, P = 0.032), and C-reactive protein level >10 mg/L (HR = 3.98, 95% CI: 1.19–12.56, P = 0.036) were independent predictors of MACEs.

Conclusions:

Patients with CTD and CAD may have severe coronary lesions. PCI in these patients tends to result in an increased rate of stent thrombosis and TVR during long-term follow-up, which may be influenced by traditional and nontraditional risk factors.     

The Ability of Baseline Triglycerides and Total Cholesterol Concentrations to Predict Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Men and Women: A Longitudinal Study in Qingdao,China

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the association between triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) at baseline, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence in a general Chinese population. Further, it aimed to evaluate the ability of TG and TC to predict T2DM incidence.MethodsQingdao Diabetes Prevention Program participants recruited between 2006 and 2009 were followed up in 2012–2015. TG, TC, and T2DM status were measured. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between TG, TC, and T2DM incidence. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the ability of TG and TC to identify T2DM participants.ResultsThe incidence of T2DM significantly increased with TG in women and TC in both men and women (P_trend < 0.05). Univariate Cox regression indicated that higher TG {borderline high TG [hazards ratio (HR): 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40, 3.00] and hypertriglyceridemia [HR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.68, 4.15]} and TC [hypercholesterolemia (HR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.43, 2.95)] were significantly associated with increased risk of T2DM incidence in women but not in men. Multivariate Cox regression showed that hypertriglyceridemia in women (HR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.97), borderline high TC in men (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.48), and hypercholesterolemia in women (HR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.81, 2.61) had a higher significant risk of T2DM incidence. The optimal cutoff values of TG were > 1.15 and > 1.23 mmol/L in men and women, respectively. For TC, they were > 5.17 and > 5.77 mmol/L in men and women, respectively. The area under the ROCs of TG and TC were 0.54 (0.51–0.57) and 0.55 (0.52–0.58), respectively, in men, and 0.60 (0.58–0.62) and 0.59 (0.56–0.61), respectively, in women.ConclusionElevated TG and TC were risk factors for T2DM incidence. However, no predictive capacity was found for both factors to identify T2DM incidence in Chinese men and women. Hence, TG and TC levels in both Chinese men and women might be used for decreasing the incidence of T2DM but no clinical predictive capacity for T2DM.     

显微镜下多血管炎患者继发弥漫性肺泡出血和肺间质病的临床特征及预后分析（英文）

目的 评估继发于显微镜下多血管炎（microscopic polyangiitis,MPA）的弥漫性肺泡出血和/或肺间质病患者的临床特征以及预后相关因素。方法 回顾性分析2002年至2012年于北京协和医院内科住院的MPA患者,根据肺受累类型不同分为单纯肺间质病组、单纯弥漫性肺泡出血组、弥漫肺泡出血合并肺间质病组和无肺受累组。比较各组患者人口学资料、全身症状、脏器受累情况、实验室检查、治疗与预后。采用Logistic回归和Cox分析患者早期与晚期死亡的危险因素。结果 共181例MPA患者纳入研究,其中单纯肺间质病组96例、单纯弥漫性肺泡出血组19例、弥漫肺泡出血合并肺间质病组18例、无肺受累组48例。随访时间的中位数为67个月（范围：1～199个月）。单纯弥漫性肺泡出血组肾脏受累最严重（血肌酐中位值：449μmol/L,显著高于单纯肺间质病组（123μmol/L,Nemenyi=-35.215,P=0.045）和弥漫肺泡出血合并肺间质病组（359μmol/L,Nemenyi=-43.609,P=0.007）。单纯肺间质病组患者年龄大于单纯弥漫性肺泡出血组（中位年龄：69比57岁;Nem...     

Effect of Body Mass Index on the Associations between Parity and Metabolic Syndrome and its Components among Northern Chinese Women

Objectives The aims of this study were to assess the associations between parity and metabolic syndrome(Met S) and its components and to evaluate the effects of body mass index(BMI) on these associations.Methods A total of 5,674 women were enrolled from Jidong and Kailuan communities(Tangshan,Hebei) in Northern China. All participants completed standardized questionnaires, physical examination,and biochemical measurements. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the associations.Results Compared with women with parity of one, nulliparous women had decreased odds ratios(ORs); those with parity of two had odds of abdominal obesity [OR = 1.45, 95% confidence interval(CI)1.17–1.81, P 0.001], high blood pressure(OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03–1.54, P = 0.025), elevated fasting glucose levels(OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.03–1.79, P = 0.029), and Met S(OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.13–1.73, P =0.002); and those with parity of three or more had increased odds of elevated triglyceride levels(OR =1.42, 95% CI: 1.04–1.94, P = 0.027) and Met S(OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.10–2.05, P = 0.011) after complete adjustment for confounders. Furthermore, BMI and age subgroups partially modified the associations between parity and Met S and its components.Conclusions Parity is positively associated with Met S and select components in women. BMI is an important modifier involved in the associations between parity and MetS.     

Possible Risk Factors for Severe Complications Occurring after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

ObjectiveTotal knee arthroplasty is one of the most common orthopedic surgeries. Readmission due to severe complications after total knee arthroplasty is a grave concern to surgeons. In this study, we evaluated the risk factors for severe complications after primary total knee arthroplasty.MethodsWe retrospectively collected clinical data of 2,974 patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty from July 2013 to June 2019 in our hospital. Postoperative complication > grade IE was defined as severe complication according to Clavien-Dindo classification system. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the predictive risk factors for severe complications.ResultsThe complication rate after primary total knee arthroplasty was 6.8% and severe complication rate was 2.5%. Male (OR = 2.178, 95%CI: 1.324-3.585, P = 0.002), individuals above 75 years old (OR = 1.936, 95%CI: 1.155-3.244, P = 0.012), arrhythmia (OR = 2.913, 95%CI: 1.350-6.285, P = 0.006) and cerebrovascular disease (OR = 2.804, 95%CI: 1.432-5.489, P = 0.003) were predictive risk factors for severe complications after primary total knee arthroplasty.ConclusionAdvanced age, male, arrhythmia, and cerebrovascular disease might be patients-related risk factors for postoperative severe complications after primary total knee arthroplasty. Special attention should be paid to patients with risk factors.     

Risk Factors for Anesthesia-Related Airway Patient Safety Incidents: A Single-Center Retrospective Case-Control Analysis from 2009 to 2022

ObjectiveAirway-related patient safety incident (PSI) has always been the top concern of anesthesiologists because this type of incidents could severely threaten patient safety if not treated immediately and properly. This study intends to reveal the composition, prognosis, and to identify risk factors for airway related incidents reported by anesthesiologists.MethodsAll airway related PSIs reported by anesthesiologists in a Chinese academic hospital between September 2009 and May 2022 were collected from the PSI reporting system. Patients with airway incidents reported were matched 1:1 with controls based on sex and type of surgery. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to find risk factors associated with airway incident occurrence, and to evaluate influence of airway PSIs on patient prognosis.ResultsAmong 1,038 PSIs voluntarily reported by anesthesiologists during the study period, 281 cases (27.1 %) were airway-related incidents, with an overall reporting incidence of 4.74 per 10,000 among 592,884 anesthesia care episodes. Only ASA physical status was found to be significant independent predictor of these airway PSIs (P = 0.020). Patients with airway PSIs reported had longer extubation time (0.72 ± 1.56 d vs. 0.16 ± 0.77 d, 95%CI: 0.29 to 0.82, P < 0.001), longer ICU length of stay (LOS) (1.63 ± 5.71 d vs. 0.19 ± 0.84 d, 95%CI: 0.57 to 2.32, P = 0.001), longer post operative LOS (10.56 ± 13.09 d vs. 7.59 ± 10.76 d, 95%CI: 0.41 to 5.53, P = 0.023), and longer total in-hospital LOS (14.99 ± 15.18 dra. 11.62 ± 11.88 d, 95%CI: 0.46 to 6.27, P = 0.024).ConclusionsThis single-center retrospective case-control study describes the composition of airway-related PSIs reported by anesthesiologists within thirteen years. Airway incidents might influence patient prognosis by elongating extubation time and LOS. Airway PSI data were worth analyzing to improve patient safety.     

Analysis of potential factors contributing to refusal of invasive strategy after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in China

Background:Reduced application of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with higher mortality rates after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We aimed to evaluate potential factors contributing to the refusal of PCI in STEMI patients in China.Methods:We studied 957 patients diagnosed with STEMI in the emergency departments (EDs) of six public hospitals in China. The differences in baseline characteristics and 30-day outcome were investigated between patients who refused PCI and those who underwent PCI. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the potential factors associated with refusing PCI.Results:The potential factors contributing to refusing PCI were older than 65 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.56–4.52, P < 0.001), low body mass index (BMI) (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.98, P = 0.013), not being married (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.17–0.49, P < 0.001), history of myocardial infarction (MI) (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.33–5.04, P = 0.005), higher heart rate (HR) (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03, P = 0.002), cardiac shock in the ED (OR 5.03, 95% CI 1.48–17.08, P = 0.010), pre-hospital delay (>12 h) (OR 3.31, 95% CI 1.83–6.02, P < 0.001) and not being hospitalized in a tertiary hospital (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.27–0.75, P = 0.002). Compared to men, women were older, were less often married, had a lower BMI and were less often hospitalized in tertiary hospitals.Conclusions:Patients who were older, had lower economic or social status, and had poorer health status were more likely to refuse PCI after STEMI. There was a sex difference in the potential predictors of refusing PCI. Targeted efforts should be made to improve the acceptance of PCI among patients with STEMI in China.     

Risk of infections of biological and targeted drugs in patients with spondyloarthritis: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Background: Concerns exist regarding the risk of infections in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) treated with biologics. We assessed the risk of infections of biological and targeted drugs in patients with SpA by performing a meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and China Biology Medicine Disc for RCTs evaluating the risk of infections of biological therapy in ...     

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in a Very Elderly Chinese Population: A Cross-sectional Study

Objectives This paper aimed to investigate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM) and explore the associated risk factors in a very elderly southwest Chinese population.Methods From September 2015 to June 2016, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to obtain a representative sample of 1,326 participants over 80 years old living in Chengdu. The presence of DM was based on fasting plasma glucose(FPG) and 2-h plasma glucose(2-h PG) levels during an oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT). A logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios(ORs) and 95%confidence intervals(CIs) of the potential associated factors.Results The participants' mean age was 83.5 ± 3.1 years. The overall prevalence of DM was 27.4%. The prevalence was higher in males(30.2%) than females(24.7%)(P = 0.02). The prevalence of DM increased with body mass index(BMI) and decreased with aging. The multivariate analysis suggested that male sex(OR = 1.433; 95% CI, 1.116–1.843), hypertension(OR = 1.439; 95% CI, 1.079–1.936), overweight or obesity(OR = 1.371; 95% CI, 1.023–1.834), high heart rate(≥ 75 beats/min; OR = 1.362; 95% CI,1.063–1.746), and abdominal obesity(OR = 1.615; 95% CI, 1.216–2.149) were all significantly positively correlated with DM. However, age was negatively correlated with DM(OR = 0.952; 95% CI,0.916–0.989).Conclusions The prevalence of DM and newly diagnosed DM in a very elderly southwest Chinese population was high. OGTT screening should be performed regularly in people aged ≥ 80 years to ensure timely diagnosis of DM.     

Association of Red Meat Usual Intake with Serum Ferritin and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults: A Longitudinal Study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Objective The present study aimed to investigate the association of red meat usual intake with metabolic syndrome(Met S), and explore the contribution of red meat usual intake to serum ferritin.Methods Based on the data from the longitudinal China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS), 2,797 healthy adults aged 18–75 years without hypertension, diabetes, and Met S were selected in 2009 as subjects and follow-up studies were carried out till 2015. We used the National Cancer Institute(NCI)method to estimate the usual intake of foods. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the association between red meat usual intake and the risk of Met S. Quantile regression analysis was used to study the relationship between red meat consumption and serum ferritin levels.Results After adjusting for potential confounders, red meat, and fresh red meat were positively associated with the risk of Met S(RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05–1.90 and RR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.02–1.85,respectively). These relationships showed increasing trend(P 0.05). The level of serum ferritin increased significantly with the number of Met S components(P 0.05). The quantile regression analysis showed that red meat and fresh red meat usual intake had a significant positive association with serum ferritin levels across the entire conditional serum ferritin distribution(P 0.05). Processed red meat did not exhibit a similar association.Conclusion Higher red meat usual intake was associated with an increased risk of Met S and elevated serum ferritin levels.     

Peripheral Artery Disease and Risk of Fibrosis Deterioration in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Prospective Investigation

Objective Liver fibrosis is an important predictor of mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Peripheral artery disease(PAD) and liver fibrosis share many common metabolic dysfunctions.We aimed to explore the association between PAD and risk of fibrosis deterioration in NAFLD patients.Methods The study recruited 1,610 NAFLD patients aged ≥ 40 years from a well-defined community at baseline in 2010 and followed up between August 2014 and May 2015. Fibrosis deterioration was defined as the NAFLD fibrosis score(NFS) status increased to a higher category at the follow-up visit.PAD was defined as an ankle-brachial index of 0.90 or 1.40.Results During an average of 4.3 years' follow-up, 618 patients progressed to a higher NFS category.PAD was associated with 92% increased risk of fibrosis deterioration [multivariable-adjusted odds ratio(OR): 1.92, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.24, 2.98]. When stratified by baseline NFS status, the OR for progression from low to intermediate or high NFS was 1.74(95% CI: 1.02, 3.00), and progression from intermediate to high NFS was 2.24(95% CI: 1.05, 4.80). There was a significant interaction between PAD and insulin resistance(IR) on fibrosis deterioration(P for interaction = 0.03). As compared with non-PAD and non-IR, the coexistence of PAD and IR was associated with a 3.85-fold(95% CI: 2.06, 7.18) increased risk of fibrosis deterioration.Conclusion PAD is associated with an increased risk of fibrosis deterioration in NAFLD patients,especially in those with IR. The coexistence of PAD and IR may impose an interactive effect on the risk of fibrosis deterioration.     

Penehyclidine Hydrochloride Premedication Is Not Associated with Increased Incidence of Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction or Delirium: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

ObjectivePost-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and post-operative delirium (POD) are two common post-operative cerebral complications. The current meta-analysis was to systematically review the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) on POCD and POD in surgical patients.MethodsElectronic databases were searched to identify all randomized controlled trials comparing PHC with atropine/scopolamine/placebo on POCD and POD in surgical patients. Primary outcomes of interest included the incidences of POCD and POD; the secondary outcomes of interest included peri-operative mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores. Two authors independently extracted peri-operative data, including patients’ baseline characteristics, surgical variables, and outcome data. For dichotomous data (POCD and POD occurrence), treatment effects were calculated as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential interval (CI). Each outcome was tested for heterogeneity, and randomized-effects or fixed-effects model was used in the presence or absence of significant heterogeneity. For continuous variables (MMSE scores), treatment effects were calculated as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05.ResultsOur search yielded 33 studies including 4017 patients. Meta-analysis showed that, the incidence of POCD in PHC group was comparable to that in saline group (OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.58-1.64; P = 0.92), scopolamine group (011 = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.48-1.27; P= 0.32) and atropine group (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 0.86-1.67; P = 0.29). The incidence of POD in PHC group was comparable to that in saline group (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 0.81-2.90; P = 0.19) and scopolamine group (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.06-4.56; P = 0.56), but higher than that in atropine group (OR = 4.49; 95% CI: 1.34-15.01; P = 0.01).ConclusionsPHC premedication was not associated with increased incidences of POCD or POD as compared to either scopolamine or placebo.     

Comparing of Light Transmittance Aggregometry and Modified Thrombelastograph in Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Chinese Patients Undergoing Coronary Stenting with Clopidogrel

Background:

Several platelet function tests are currently used to measure responsiveness to antiplatelet therapy. This study was to compare two tests, light transmittance aggregometry (LTA) and modified thrombelastography (mTEG), for predicting clinical outcomes in Chinese patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods:

Prospective, observational, single-center study of 789 Chinese patients undergoing PCI was enrolled. This study was investigated the correlations between the two tests and performed receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) at 1-year follow-up.

Results:

MACEs occurred in 32 patients (4.1%). Correlations were well between the two tests in the adenosine diphosphate induced platelet reactivity (Spearman r = 0.733, P < 0.001). ROC-curve analysis demonstrated that LTA (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.677; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.643–0.710; P = 0.0009), and mTEG (AUC: 0.684; 95% CI: 0.650–0.716; P = 0.0001) had moderate ability to discriminate between patients with and without MACE. MACE occurred more frequently in patients with high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) when assessed by LTA (7.4% vs. 2.7%; P < 0.001), and by TEG (6.7% vs. 2.6%; P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that HPR based on the LTA and mTEG was associated with almost 3-fold increased risk of MACE at 1-year follow-up.

Conclusions:

The correlation between LTA and mTEG is relatively high in Chinese patients. HPR measured by LTA and mTEG were significantly associated with MACE in Chinese patients undergoing PCI.     

Relationship of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction with Risks to Cardiovascular Disease among People in Inner Mongolia of China

Objective To explore the relationship of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction with risks to cardiovascular disease （CVD）. Methods Blood pressure, body weight, body height, waist circumference and lifestyle risk factors were measured and studied among 2589 participants in Inner Mongolia of China, and biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hsCRP）, soluble inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 （slCAM-1）, soluble E-selectin （sE-selectin）, and angiotensin II were investigated. Results Subjects with metabolic risk factors for CVD had higher levels of hsCRP, sE-selectin and slCAM-1 than those without such risk factors （all P〈O.05）. Levels of all biomarkers positively and significantly increased with aggregation of the metabolic risk factors among the subjects （all P for trend 〈0.001）. Data from the multivariate analysis showed that participants with high levels of hsCRP [odds ratio （OR}： 1.96, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.52-2.53], sE-selectin （OR： 1.35, 95% Cl： 1.05-1.72）, and angiotensin II （OR： 1.81, 95% CI＂ 1.40-2.33） were more likely to develop hypertension; participants with high levels of hsCRP （OR： 2.33, 95% CI： 1.85-2.94）, sE-selectin （OR： 1.24, 95% CI： 1.00-1.54）, and slCAM-1 （OR： 1.70, 95% CI： 1.30-2.22） were more likely to develop dyslipidemia, and those with high levels of hsCRP （OR： 2.95, 95% CI： 2.27-3.83） and slCAM-I（OR： 2.80, 95% CI： 2.06-3.80） were more likely to develop hyperglycemia. Conclusion Biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were separately associated with relevant metabolic risk factors for CVD. And appropriate measures should be taken to control inflammation and improve endothelial function among individuals with different metabolic risk factors for CVD.     

Risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage and mortality in adult patients with severe respiratory failure managed using veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most severe complications during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). This study aimed to determine the risk factors for ICH and mortality in such patients.Methods: We analyzed the clinical data of 77 patients who received VV-ECMO due to severe respiratory failure from July 2013 to May 2019 at China-Japan Friendship Hospital. Demographical data, laboratory indices, imaging characteristics, and other clinical informati...     

Mediation Effects of Placental Inflammatory Transcriptional Biomarkers on the Sex-Dependent Associations between Maternal Phthalate Exposure and Infant Allergic Rhinitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study

ObjectivePrenatal phthalate exposure has been associated with placental inflammatory factors and infant allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the results are inconclusive. We designed a population-based cohort study to examine the effects of placental inflammatory biomarkers on the sex-dependent associations between maternal phthalate exposure and infant AR.MethodsA total of 2,348 pregnant women from Ma'anshan, Anhui Province, China, who were screened before antenatal visits and met the inclusion criteria, were included in the present study. We assessed AR in their offspring aged 36 months with a questionnaire. Quantitative PCR was performed to measure placental inflammatory factor mRNAs. The independent samples t-test and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the associations between infant AR and maternal phthalates.ResultsChildhood AR may be related to education and family monthly income (P = 0.01). The phthalate metabolites, mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyl) phthalate (MEHHP), in pregnant women were associated with a significantly increased risk for infant AR in males [P < 0.05; odds ratio (OR): 1.285; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.037–1.591, and OR: 1.232, 95% CI: 1.008–1.507, respectively], but not females. Additionally, irritably-increased expression levels of HO-1 and IL-4 were associated with AR in male infants (OR: 1.175; 95% CI: 1.038–1.329 and OR: 1.181; 95% CI: 1.056–1.322, respectively). The association between maternal urinary MEHHP and placental HO-1 was marginally significant according to mediation analysis.ConclusionThe associations of maternal MEHHP and MEOHP levels with fetal AR in males were significant. Placental HO-1 was a fractional mediator in the associations between MEHHP and AR. Thus, the placenta should be further investigated as a potential mediator of maternal exposure-induced disease risk in children.     

Repeat HIV Testing and Incident Rates among Individuals Attending Voluntary Counseling and Testing Clinics in Wuxi,China: A Retrospective Study

Objective We aimed to elucidate the rates of repeat HIV testing and incident HIV diagnosis,and baseline CD~(4+) T cell count among individuals attending HIV voluntary counseling and testing(VCT) clinics in Wuxi,China.Methods A repeat HIV testing within 12 months was recorded if individuals had their first test with negative results,during 2013-2014 and retested within 12 months.An incident HIV diagnosis was recorded if individuals had their first test with negative results,during 2013-2015 and had a subsequent positive result at any point by the end of 2015.Data on HIV testing and diagnosis among individuals attending 32 VCT clinics from 2013 to 2015 and HIV diagnosis from other clinical services in Wuxi,China,were retrieved.A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze factors associated with repeat HIV testing.Cox regression was used to evaluate factors associated with incident HIV diagnosis.Results From 2013 to 2014,11,504 individuals tested HIV negative at their first recorded test,with 655(5.7%) retesting within 12 months.Higher repeat HIV testing within 12 months was associated with male gender [adjusted odds ratio(a OR) = 1.7,95% confidence interval(CI): 1.4-2.2],risk behaviors [commercial heterosexual behaviors(a OR = 1.4,CI: 1.1-1.6),male-male sexual behaviors(a OR = 3.7,CI: 2.7-4.9)],injection drug use(a OR = 9.9,CI: 6.5-15.1),and having taken HIV tests previously(a OR = 2.0,CI: 1.6-2.4).From 2013 to 2015,1,088 individuals tested negative on HIV test at their visit and at ≥ 2 subsequent tests; of them 30 had incident HIV diagnosis.The overall rate of incident HIV diagnosis among all VCT individuals was 1.6(95% CI: 1.1-2.1) per 100 person-years.Incident HIV diagnosis was associated with male gender [adjusted hazard ratio(a HR) = 8.5,95% CI: 1.9-38.1],attending hospital-based VCT clinics(a HR = 7.8,95% CI: 1.1-58.3),and male-male sexual behavior(a HR = 8.4,95% CI: 1.5-46.7).Individuals diagnosed at VCT clinics had higher CD~(4+) T cell count compared with those diagnosed at other clinical services(median 407 vs.326 copies/mm~3,P = 0.003).Conclusion VCT individuals in Wuxi,China,had a low repeat HIV testing rate and high HIV incidence.VCT-clinic-based interventions aimed at increasing repeat HIV testing are needed to detect more cases at an earlier stage,especially among individuals at high risk for HIV infection such as men who have sex with men.