慢性肾炎与相关细胞因子变化的研究

目的 :探讨慢性肾炎患者血清白介素 - 2 (IL - 2 )、白介素 (IL - 6 )、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF -α)在肾炎发生、发展过程中的浓度变化及相互关系。方法 :用放射免疫分析检测 71例慢性肾炎患者及 36例年龄和性别相匹配的健康志愿者血清IL - 2、IL - 6、TNF -α的水平。结果 :①慢性肾炎患者外周血中IL - 6、TNF -α水平明显高于正常对照组 (p <0 0 1 ) ,而IL - 2水平明显低于正常对照 (p <0 0 1 ) ;②直线相关分析显示 :IL -6、TNF -α与BUN呈正相关 (p <0 0 1 ) ;③各临床分型组间细胞因子浓度水平比较无显著性差异。 结论 :细胞因子IL - 2、IL - 6、TNF -α在慢性肾炎的发生、发展过程中相互作用 ,观察其浓度变化对探讨发病机理、预防及指导用药均有重要价值。     

冠心病患者TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8的变化研究

目的 :对冠心病患者血清中肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF -α)、白介素 - 1β(IL - 1β)、白介素 - 6 (IL - 6 )、白介素 - 8(IL - 8)含量进行分析 ,以探讨它们在冠心病发病过程中的意义。方法 :研究对象为正常对照组 36例 ,稳定型心绞痛组 32例 ,心肌梗塞组 39例 ,采用化学发光酶分析法检测其血清TNF -α、IL - 1β、IL - 6、IL - 8水平。结果 :与正常组比较 ,冠心病患者中TNF -α、IL - 1β、IL - 6、IL - 8水平均有不同程度升高 ,尤以心肌梗塞组升高明显 ,其差别有显著临床意义。心绞痛组TNF -α(p <0 0 5 ) ,IL - 6 (p <0 0 1) ,IL - 8(p <0 0 5 )。心肌梗塞组TNF -α(p<0 0 1) ,IL - 1β(p<0 0 5 ) ,IL - 6 (p <0 0 0 1) ,IL - 8(p <0 0 0 1)。 结论 :TNF -α、IL - 1β、IL - 6、IL- 8与动脉粥样硬化和冠心病的发生有密切关系 ,这些细胞因子可通过相互诱导、相互协同共同参与冠心病的发生、发展过程     

抗癫痫药物治疗对癫痫患者血清细胞因子水平的影响

目的 :观察抗癫痫药物治疗前后癫痫患者血清细胞因子水平变化 ,探讨白细胞介素 - 2 (IL - 2 )、白细胞介素 - 6 (IL - 6 )、肿瘤坏死因子 -α(TNF -α)在癫痫神经免疫调节中的作用。方法 :采用放射免疫分析测定 4 3例癫痫患者抗癫痫药物治疗前后 ,血清IL - 2、IL - 6、TNF -α的水平 ,并与年龄和性别相匹配的 32例正常对照组进行比较。结果 :癫痫患者治疗前血清IL - 2、IL - 6、TNF -α水平均显著高于正常对照组 (p <0 0 0 1 ) ,经治疗后有 1 8人疗效显著。其发作次数降低 75 %以上 ,其中有若干病人其血清细胞水平明显降低 ,但总体水平差异呈无显著性 (p >0 0 5 ) ,其余 2 5人疗效较差 ,其水平改变不大 ,但部分反有升高。患者血清IL - 2浓度与IL- 6、TNF -α水平变化呈显著正相关。结论 :癫痫患者血清细胞因子水平增高 ,提示免疫系统处于活化状态 ,但治疗后细胞因子水平改变难以预测 ,即使疗效显著者 ,亦有一些明显降低。     

老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者CRP与TNF-α、IL-1β相关性研究

目的 :观察老年冠心病不同类型患者中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF -α)、白细胞介素 1β(IL - 1β)水平变化及其与C反应蛋白 (CRP)之间的关系 ,进一步探讨急性冠状动脉综合征临床识别和预测的炎症指标。方法 :采用放射免疫分析测定血清TNF -α、IL - 1β和CRP的浓度。 结果 :急性冠脉综合征患者 (ACS)TNF -α和IL- 1β水平均显著高于对照组 (p <0 0 5 ;p <0 0 1)和稳定性冠心病患者 (p <0 0 5 ;p <0 0 1)。ACS患者CRP水平(7 99± 11 9)mg L显著高于SCHD组 (2 71± 5 4 5 )mg L ,p <0 0 5和对照组 (0 99± 1 5 )mg L ,p <0 0 1。CRP水平与TNF -α呈显著正相关 (r=0 5 4 5 ,p <0 0 1) ;与IL - 1β亦呈明显正相关 (r=0 31,p <0 0 5 )。 结论 :老年冠心病患者细胞因子表达异常与炎性标志物CRP密切相关 ,提示可能与急性冠脉综合征的发生有关 ,是动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的标志     

白塞病患者血清IL-1β、IL-2与TNFα水平的变化

研究白塞病患者血清中IL - 1β、IL - 2、TNFα水平的变化及其临床意义 ,用RIA检测了 16例完全型、31例不完全型白塞病患者和 34名健康对照组血清中IL - 1β、IL - 2与TNFα含量的变化。结果表明 ,完全型和不完全型白塞病患者血清IL - 1β、IL - 2与TNFα含量明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。提示 :白塞病患者血清中过高的IL - 1β、IL - 2、TNFα与其发病有关     

Ⅱ型糖尿病肾病患者血清IL-6、TNF-α、NO与ET的水平变化及临床意义

目的:探讨2型糖尿病肾病患者血清中IL-6、TNF-α、一氧化氮(N0)和内皮素(ET)水平及其临床意义.方法:采用相关试剂盒,按其说明书检测93例2型糖尿病患者血清IL..6、TNF..α、NO与ET水平.结果:单纯糖尿病组(SDM组)、隐性糖尿病肾病组(IDN组)、显性糖尿病肾病组(ODN组)IL-6、TNF-α与ET水平较对照组明显升高,其中ODN组最高(P＜0.O1).SDM组、IDN组、ODN组NO较对照组明显减少(P＜0.O1),其中ODN组最少.IL-6与UAER、TNF-α、ET均成正相关,NO与IL-6、TNF-α呈负相关.结论:IL-6、TINF-α、NO与ET可能参与2型糖尿病肾病的发病及病理变化过程,检测患者IL-6、TNF-α、NO与ET水平可作为判断预后、指导治疗的指标.     

幽门螺杆菌相关性消化道疾病血清IL-8,TNF-α和Gas测定及其临床意义

目的 :探讨HP感染慢性胃炎及十二指肠溃疡患者血清IL - 8、TNF -α及Gas水平变化与其发病的关系。方法 :选择1 4C -尿素呼气试验阳性及胃镜和病理组织学确诊的 35例慢性胃炎及 30例十二指肠溃疡患者 ,皆采用放射免疫分析测定其血清IL - 8、TNF -α及Gas水平。结果 :慢性胃炎组血清IL - 8、TNF -α及Gas均显著高于正常对照组 ,其血清IL - 8及Gas水平与对照组比较差异极显著 (p <0 0 1)。TNF -α与对照组比较也具统计学意义 (p <0 0 5 )。十二指肠溃疡组则三项指标均极显著高于正常对照组 (p <0 0 1)。两组间比较三项指标亦均呈极显著差异 (p <0 0 1)。结论 :HP感染的慢性胃炎及十二指肠溃疡患者三项指标均呈显著变化 ,证实两种消化系疾病的发生、发展与HP感染密切相关。     

不育症患者精浆IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α测定的临床意义

目的 :观察精浆中白细胞介素 - 2 (IL - 2 )、白细胞介素 - 6 (IL - 6 )、白细胞介素 - 8(IL - 8)、肿瘤坏死因子 -α(TNF -α)等细胞因子对男性生殖的影响。方法 :应用放射免疫分析 (RIA)对 1 2 6例不育男性和 2 0例正常生育男性精浆IL - 2、IL - 6、IL - 8、TNF -α水平进行了检测。结果 :不育症组精浆IL - 2、IL - 6、IL -8、TNF -α含量均高于生育组 (p <0 0 5或 p <0 0 1 ) ;精浆中IL - 2、IL - 6、IL - 8、TNF -α含量在不育症组的WBC精液组与非WBC精液组之间均存在显著性差异 (p <0 0 5或 p <0 0 1 )。另外 ,精浆中TNF -α含量在精子活动力、活动率正常与减少之间 ,IL - 8含量在精子活动率正常与减少之间均存在显著性差异 (p <0 0 5或p <0 0 1 )。结论 :检测精浆中IL - 2、IL - 6、IL - 8、TNF -α等细胞因子的含量可以反映男性不育症患者的状态 ,帮助临床进行有价值的治疗     

支气管哮喘病人胸导管淋巴液与血清IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-12、TNF-α水平的对比研究

目的 :探讨哮喘病人胸导管淋巴液和血清IL - 6、IL - 8、IL - 10、IL - 12及TNF -α水平变化。方法 :采用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)检测 31例行胸导管引流治疗的中、重度哮喘病人术后 0d、3d、5d淋巴液及 0d、5d血清IL - 6、IL - 8、IL - 10、IL - 12以及TNF -α水平。结果 :哮喘病人胸导管引流淋巴液中IL - 6、IL - 8、IL - 10、TNF-α水平均高于正常对照组血清水平 ,而IL - 12则明显低于正常血清水平 ;引流 5d淋巴液中IL - 6、IL - 8、IL - 10及TNF -α明显低于 ,IL - 12则显著高于引流 0d时水平 ;同时哮喘病人血清IL - 10、TNF -α含量低于 ,血清IL - 12则高达正常对照组水平。结论 :哮喘病人淋巴液中存在以IL - 12产生受抑和炎性细胞因子产生亢进为特征的细胞因子失调 ,且淋巴液中CK变化与血清变化大致平行。     

牙周炎患者龈沟液中细胞因子水平的变化

研究牙周炎患者龈沟液 (GCF)中细胞因子水平的变化及其临床意义。用RIA检测了成人牙周炎组 (AP组 ) 16例 2 6个牙 ,快速进展型牙周炎组 (RPP组 ) 19例 2 9个牙和牙周健康者对照组 (H组 ) 2 4名 31个牙的GCF中白介素 1β(IL - 1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)、白介素 6 (IL - 6 )和转化生长因子α(TGFα)含量的变化并记录受检牙的牙周破坏指数PD、AL。结果表明 :AP组、RPP组患者GCF中IL - 1β、TNFα、IL - 6水平明显高于对照组(P <0 .0 5和P <0 .0 1)且与PD、AL呈显著正相关 (P <0 .0 1) ;TGFα 水平明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,与PD、AL呈显著负相关 (P <0 .0 1)。提示IL - 1β、TNFα、IL - 6、TGFα 是参与牙周炎牙槽骨吸收破坏的最重要的细胞因子     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

Alterations of regular and mature monocytes are distinct,and dependent of intensity and duration of exercise

Circulating monocytes comprise functionally distinct regular (CD14^bright+) and mature (CD141^low+) cells. Cell surface receptors were determined by three colour flow cytometry in 8 healthy control subjects. Compared to regular monocytes, mature monocytes had lower levels of the high affinity Fcy receptor 1 (CD64), complement receptor 3 (CDllb), CD45RO and higher levels for HLA-DR, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), CD45RA and the Fc receptor 3 (CD16). Both regular and mature monocytes were measured before and up to three hours after four different types of exercise (Ex) in endurance trained athletes (n=9-16). Immediately after anaerobic exercise of I min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of I2.3 (SD I.4) mmol · l^–1 and exhaustive exercise of 24 (SD 8) min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of 7.4 (SD 2.6) mmol· l^–1 mature monocytes increased more than regular monocytes. Exhaustive endurance exercise of 87 (SD 21) min [la_max 3.7 (SD I.0)] led to a similar increase of regular and mature monocytes. 15–33 min after a 100km run regular monocytes increased significantly, whereas mature monocytes decreased. Up to three hours after the end of all exercises mature monocytes fell below pre-exercise values. In conclusion, duration and intensity of exercise alter distinct maturation stages of monocytes differently. It is probable that the avidity of adhesion molecules like LFA-1 to their endothelial ligands is increased to enable the firm attachment to the endothelium.     

Triptorelin and cetrorelix induce immune responses and affect uterine development and expressions of genes and proteins of ESR1, LHR,and FSHR of mice

Context: GnRH immunity can reduce the expression of pituitary GnRH levels, and cause the changes in reproductive behaviors. It is unclear whether triptorelin (TRI) and cetrorelix (CET) immunity influences uterine development and expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and estradiol receptor 1 (ERS1) in the uterus.

Objective: The study investigated the effects of active immunity of GnRH agonist and antagonist on uterine development, microstructures, expression of hormone receptors mRNAs, and proteins in uteri.

Materials and methods: One hundred and five mice were assigned into CET, TRI, and control groups (CG). Mice in CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 (n?=?15) were subcutaneously injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg CET antigens for seven days, respectively. Mice in TRI-1, TRI-2, and TRI-3 were injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg TRI antigens for seven days, respectively. The qPCR and Western blot were implemented to determine expressions of ESR1, LHR and FSHR mRNAs, and proteins.

Results: Compared with CG, the uterine weights of CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 increased by 42.86, 62.86, and 10.00% on day 35 (p?p?p?p?p?Conclusions: CET immunity promoted the uterine development, improved EET and UWT, and also promoted the expressions of ESR1 and FSHR protein levels. It lessened the LHR protein levels. TRI immunity blocked EET and UWT, inhibited uterine growth and development. The efficacy of CET immunity was more obvious than TRI.     

韧带和肌腱的生物力学和力学生物学研究

国际韧带和肌腱研讨会(The International Symposium on Ligaments and Tendons,ISI&T)于2000年在美国佛罗里达州奥兰多市首次召开。研讨会的宗旨是引起对韧带和肌腱研究的重视,并为生物工程师、生物学家、临床医师提供一个可以分享、评论、讨论韧带和肌腱最新研究成果的论坛。从2000年起,国际韧带和肌腱研讨会已经开展了15届;每届研讨会上涌现了大量令人振奋的关于当前韧带和肌腱研究热点和未来挑战的讨论。多年来,韧带和肌腱领域内的研究数量大幅增加,研究质量不断提升。为纪念《医用生物力学》杂志创刊30周年,本文总结过去30年里韧带和肌腱研究的主要进展,包括组织力学、力学生物学、损伤与治愈机制、组织修复和再生。     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。     

Morphology and cytochemistry of leucocytes and thrombocytes of six species of fish

Cytochemical reactions of blood leucocytes and thrombocytes from six species of fish, rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch), white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), goldfish (Carassius auratus), striped bass (Morone saxatulis), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were determined. Because the staining reactions were generally similar to the reactions found in mammalian leucocytes with similar morphological features, it is reasonable to classify fish leucocytes using the same terminology as is used for mammalian leucocytes. However, in some species leucocytes with features similar to mammalian eosinophils or basophils were not found. In goldfish leucocytes were found that had segmented nuclei and unstained, moderately refractile cytoplasmic granules. These cells were classified as segmented, granular leucocytes. Although these cells do not appear similar to any mammalian or avian leucocyte, the pattern of positive cytoplasmic alkaline phosphatase staining and negative granular staining is similar to that of equine eosinophils.     

Pathology and genetics of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma

Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PHEO/PGL) are rare tumours with an estimated annual incidence of 3 per million. Advances in molecular understanding have led to the recognition that at least 30–40% arise in the setting of hereditary disease. Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase genes SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD and SDHAF2 are the most prevalent of the more than 19 hereditary genetic abnormalities which have been reported. It is therefore recommended that, depending on local resources and availability, at least some degree of genetic testing should be offered to all PHEO/PGL patients, including those with clinically sporadic disease. It is now accepted that that all PHEO/PGL have some metastatic potential; therefore, concepts of benign and malignant PHEO/PGL have no meaning and have been replaced by a risk stratification approach. Although there is broad acceptance that certain features, including high proliferative activity, invasive growth, increased cellularity, large tumour nests and comedonecrosis, are associated with an increased risk of metastasis, it remains difficult to predict the clinical behaviour of individual tumours and no single risk stratification scheme is endorsed or in widespread use. In this review, we provide an update on advances in the pathology and genetics of PHEO/PGL with an emphasis on the changes introduced in the WHO 2017 classification of endocrine neoplasia relevant to practising surgical pathologists.