山西省临汾市尧都区疾病预防控制中心盐碘实验室质量控制运行效果分析

目的了解山西省临汾市尧都区疾病预防控制中心盐碘实验室质量控制体系运行状况,为碘缺乏病的防治监测提供强有力的技术保证。方法采用质量控制图(-x-s控制图)和平行双样法对国家碘缺乏病参照实验室及山西省地方病防治研究所组织实施的质控盲样考核和日常碘盐检测过程进行质量控制。结果 2008～2011年临汾市尧都区疾病预防控制中心盐碘实验室,连续4年通过国家碘缺乏病参照实验室,及山西省地方病防治研究所组织实施的质控盲样考核;共对1 152份居民户家庭用盐定量检测,其中132份平行双样测定结果的相对偏差最大允许值均控制为2.5%;日常碘盐检测结果均与临汾市疾病预防控制中心复检结果高度吻合;分析尧都区盐碘实验室内部及外部质量控制结果,表明盐碘检测数据均在控制状态。结论临汾市尧都区疾病预防控制中心盐碘实验室质量控制体系是切实可行的,在国家碘缺乏病参照实验室的质控盲样考核和日常盐碘分析工作中运用质量控制图(-x-s控制图)和平行双样法能确保实验数据的可靠性、准确性和可比性。     

云南省碘缺乏病实验室质控网络及外质控结果分析

目的了解云南省碘缺乏病实验室质量控制(质控)网络及其运行情况。方法调查各地碘缺乏病实验室设备及人员情况,分析近年各实验室质控结果。结果省级有完整的尿碘和盐碘实验室;州(市)级有较完整的盐碘实验室,而尿碘检测能力很差;县级没有尿碘实验室,盐碘检测能力还有一定的差距。结论云南省碘缺乏病实验室质控网络还不够健全,急需建立和健全质控网络系统。     

内蒙古2012年碘缺乏病实验室质控网络运行状况

目的评价碘实验室检测水平,提高尿碘、盐碘监测资料的准确性和可靠性,为全区持续消除碘缺乏病工作提供质量保障。方法碘盐采用GB／T13025．7—1999中直接滴定法;尿碘采用过硫酸铵消化一砷铈接触法。结果内蒙古地病中心盐碘、尿碘实验室考核合格率100％;盟（市）盐碘实验室考核合格率100％,盟（市）尿碘实验室考核合格率100％;旗（县）盐碘实验室考核合格率98．99％。结论全区大部分盐碘和尿碘实验室注重日常实验室内部质量控制和管理工作,能严格按照实验室操作规程进行样品检测,检测结果真实、可靠。     

吉林省碘缺乏病实验室质控网络运行情况分析

碘缺乏病(IDD)实验室的质量控制工作直接影响着碘盐监督检测和IDD病情监测的质量,全国IDD实验室质控网络的建立及几年来的运行,在IDD监测、消除IDD进程评估中发挥了重要作用。下面就吉林省实验室质控网络建立以来运行情况分析如下。1IDD实验室质控网络的构成及职责1.1IDD实验室质控网络的构成全国IDD实验室质控网络由国家IDD参照实验室(NRL),省级尿碘、盐碘、TSH实验室,地市级尿碘、盐碘实验室和县级盐碘实验室构成。1.2各级IDD实验室职责1.2.1国家IDD参照实验室(NRL)职责1.2.1.1负责省级IDD实验室的外部质量控制。1.2.1.…     

2021年河南省碘缺乏病实验室尿碘盐碘外质控考核结果分析

目的 分析河南省2021年省级、市级、县级碘缺乏病实验室的尿碘、盐碘外质控考核结果,评价全省碘缺乏病实验室检测能力。方法 组织河南省省级、18个市级、147个县级疾病预防控制中心碘缺乏病实验室参加尿碘、盐碘外质控考核,采用砷铈催化分光光度方法(WS/T 107.1—2016)或电感耦合等离子体质谱法(WS/T107.2—2016)测定尿碘,采用直接滴定法(GB/T 13025.7—2012)测定盐碘,采用参考值±不确定度的方法评价检测结果,如果检测结果在考核样参考值±不确定度范围内,则考核结果合格;反之,考核结果不合格。结果 河南省2021年参加尿碘和盐碘外质控考核的166个碘缺乏病实验室,反馈率和合格率均为100%,各级实验室检测准确度整体较高,但县级实验室数据变异系数较大。结论 河南省省级、市级、县级碘缺乏病实验室检测能力整体稳定,部分县级实验室检测能力需要提升,建议持续做好检测技术培训和实验室内部质量控制工作。     

福建省县级盐碘实验室质控结果评价

目的：做好全国碘盐监测网工作,保证盐碘检测结果的准确性,对30个县实验室进行质量控制评估。方法：直接滴定法检测盐碘质控样,评价测定的准确性和可比性。结果：有16个实验室测定在质控范围,占53．33％,3个实验室测定结果超出质控范围,占10％,大多数实验室测定结果都在总体均值周边,波动范围较少,准确度和可比性较好。结论：质量控制体系对保护盐碘检测结果的准确性是非常必要的,不合格的实验室应加强技术和质量管理,进一步提高盐碘定量检测的技术水平。     

2017-2020年青海省碘缺乏病实验室盐碘外质控考核结果分析

目的 分析2017-2020年青海省各级碘缺乏病实验室盐碘外质控考核结果,了解各级盐碘实验室检测能力,为碘缺乏病(IDD)监测和防治效果评价提供可靠的实验室数据支持.方法 对青海省1个省级、8个市(州)级和所有43个县级盐碘实验室2017-2020年外质控考核结果进行评价分析.结果 省级、市(州)级连续4年盐碘外质控考...     

河南省2012年碘缺乏病实验室外质控考核结果分析

目的分析2012年河南省各级碘缺乏病（IDD）实验室外质控考核结果，提高检测能力，为IDD的监测和防治提供可靠的质量保障。方法尿碘测定采用砷铈催化分光光度测定方法（WS／T107—2006）；盐碘测定采用直接滴定法（GB／T13025．7—1999）。结果河南省省级及18个地（市）级疾控中心IDD实验室尿碘和盐碘考核结果全部合格；参加盐碘考核的148个县级实验室，144个考核合格，4个不合格。结论2012年我省IDD实验室检测技术继续保持在较高水平，建议各级实验室要常规进行内部质量控制和使用标准物质。     

标准物质在碘缺乏病监测中的作用

由国家碘缺乏病参照实验室(简称NRL)通过质控网络管理并提供尿碘、盐碘标样进行实验室自检，经比较评价实验室及操作人员的检测水平，结果表明，实验室对两种标准物质比较、验证合格后，现场采样所测结果与NRL实验室比较无差异，说明使用标准物质可以简便、直观地自检实验能力和提高数据质量。     

尿碘实验室质量控制评价

碘缺乏病（以下称IDD）病情监测结论的依据之一是碘实验室提供的尿碘资料，检测结果的准确与否，是评价防治措施的关键。因此，建立碘实验室质量控制体系是很有必要的。我们在1995年IDD病情监测的同时，对尿碘实验室采取了质量控制措施，现就检测质量做以下分析。三村书与方法外质控样品由地病中心提供；内质控样品由本实验室自制。用全国统一的图消化砷一林接触法作平行样分析、回收率实验和内、外质控样品测定等。2结果2．且标准曲线的线性关系：本次检测共分20批，标准曲线分批共测定20次，分别计算各点的平均吸光度和变异系数。实验…     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.