高龄患者非体外和体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术临床分析

目的通过比较年龄≥70岁高龄患者体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)围手术期各项临床指标,分析两种手术方法的效果,为临床高龄患者手术方式的选择提供指导,进一步降低手术患者的并发症发生率和死亡率。方法回顾性分析2014年1月‐2017年6月在该院行冠状动脉旁路移植术32例年龄≥70岁高龄冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者的临床资料,其中应用体外循环14例,非体外循环18例;对两组患者的术前各项指标及术后临床资料进行统计分析比较。结果 OPCABG组患者的手术时间、术后引流量600 ml、呼吸辅助时间24 h、正性肌力药物使用时间36 h者均少于或者低于CCABG组(P0.05)。结论对于70岁以上的高龄冠心病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)是安全可行的。OPCABG和CCABG比较,OPCABG具有手术时间短、呼吸机辅助呼吸时间短、术后引流量少及血管正性肌力药物使用时间短等优点。     

不同冠状动脉旁路移植术式对老年冠心病患者血栓调节蛋白及心肌力学特性的影响

【摘要】 目的 研究不同冠状动脉旁路移植术式对老年冠心病（CHD）患者血栓调节蛋白（TM）及心肌力学特性（MMP）的影响。方法 选取2015年7月～2018年6月入住我院的老年CHD患者128例,依照随机数字表法将其分为OPCABG组（n=64）与CCABG组（n=64）。OPCABG组行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCABG）治疗,CCABG组行体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（CCABG）治疗。观察两组手术时间、术后1 d引流量、呼吸机辅助时间、桥血管数、血液制品用量、入住ICU时间、住院时间等围术期指标。术前及术后6个月左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左室射血分数（LVEF）等心功能指标。术前、术后7 d血清TM水平,左心室整体面积应变值（GAS）、径向应变值（GRS）、圆周应变值（GCS）、左室整体长轴应变值（GLS）等MMP指标,术后并发症。结果 OPCABG组手术时间、术后1 d引流量、呼吸机辅助时间、血液制品用量、入住ICU时间、住院时间等均小于CCABG组（P＜0.05）。两组桥血管数比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。术后7 d,OPCABG组GAS、GRS、GLS均高于CCABG组,TM低于CCABG组（P＜0.05）。术后7d,两组GCS比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。OPCABG组围术期并发症发病率低于CCABG组（P＜0.05）。术后6个月,两组LVEDD、LVEF比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 OPCABG治疗老年CHD创伤小,可减轻血管内皮及心功能损伤,减少生成TM,有助于患者术后恢复,且远期疗效好。     

非体外循环与常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的预后

目的 观察非体外循环(OPCABG)与常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)早期预后及术后6月预后,评估两种手术方式的差异.方法 连续性选取40例行冠状动脉旁路移植术病人,男女不限,随机分为二组,CCABGCE20例,OPCABG组20例,所有患者记录手术时间、ICU停留时间、血管活性药物用量、心电图、住院时间、术后6月状态等临床指标及术前、入ICU时、出ICU时、出院时cTnI浓度.结果 CCABG组手术时间、ICU停留时间、血管活性药物用量高于OPCABG组,且cTnI峰值浓度明显高于OPCABG组,两组参数间有明显统计学差异(P＜0.05),CCABG组住院时间、术后6月状态与OPCABG组相比差异无明显统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 OPCABG早期预后优干CCABG组,两组术后6月预后无明显差异.     

非体外循环与常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术早期疗效的评价

目的 :评价非体外循环下冠状动脉 (冠脉 )旁路移植术 (OPCABG)与常规体外循环下冠脉旁路移植术 (CCABG)相比是否具有优越性。方法 :将 36 2例行单纯冠脉旁路移植术的患者分为 OPCABG组 (n=1 5 2 )和 CCABG组 (n=2 1 0 ) ,分别在非体外循环心脏不停跳下 ,或建立常规体外循环 ,心脏停跳下完成冠脉旁路移植术。围术期应用肺动脉漂浮导管监测血流动力学 ,对两组患者的术前和术后各项指标进行对比分析。 结果 :两组患者术前一般情况、手术时间、血管桥数无差别 ,OPCABG组术后低心排血量综合征、房颤和肺不张的发生率显著低于 CCABG组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,呼吸机支持时间、监护时间和住院时间也显著低于 CCABG组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,两组患者术后早期出血量、输血量和其他并发症的发生率及死亡率无显著差异。 结论 :OP-CABG可减少术后并发症的发生 ,可缩短术后呼吸机支持时间、监护时间和住院时间     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病合并糖尿病患者的效果分析

目的探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)合并糖尿病患者的治疗效果。方法将许昌市中心医院2008年1月至2012年12月收治的182例冠心病合并糖尿病患者依据手术方式的不同分为OPCABG组(98例)和体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)组(84例),观察两组患者围术期临床资料及预后情况。结果与CCABG组比较,OPCABG组呼吸机支持时间、住ICU时间、住院时间、术后输血量、神经系统并发症发生率均显著减少[(8.5±2.2)h比(14.8±6.3)h,(2.4±0.5)d比(3.1±0.7)d,(13.1±3.8)d比(17.4±3.2)d,(448±29)m L比(727±18)m L,2.0%(2/98)比8.3%(7/84)],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者出院后随访半年无死亡及严重并发症发生。结论 OPCABG治疗冠心病合并糖尿病患者安全可靠。     

60岁以上患者体外和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后早期肾功能损伤研究

目的探讨体外及非体外循环两种冠状动脉旁路移植术式对60岁以上患者术后早期急性肾功能损伤的影响。方法回顾性分析95例择期行冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗的患者的临床资料,其中非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术患者51例(OPCAB组),常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术患者44例(CCABG组),检测术前,术后1、2、3 d和术后7 d的血清肌酐值(Cr)。观察两组患者术后肌酐变化情况。结果两组患者术前血清Cr水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CCABG组术后肌酐值高于OPCAB组(P<0.05),OPCABG组肌酐水平在1 d后达到高峰值,CCABG组在2 d后达高峰值。OPCAB组发生5例急性肾功能损伤(AKI),CCABG组发生11例AKI,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于60岁以上患者,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术对患者肾功能保护更有利。     

非体外与常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的比较

目的 比较非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)与常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)的初期效果. 方法 回顾性地将76例单独行冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者分为OPCAB组(n=46)和CCABG组(n=30).OPCAB组患者通过胸骨正中切口,在非体外循环心脏不停跳下完成冠状动脉旁路移植术;CCABG组建立常规体外循环,心脏停搏下完成冠状动脉旁路移植术.对2组病例的术前和术后各项指标进行比较. 结果 2组患者术前的一般情况无差异.OPCAB组与CCABG组的移植旁路血管数分别为(2.8±0.9)支及(2.7±0.9)支(P＞0.05);术后多巴胺使用率为32.6%比70.0%(P＜0.05).OPCAB组术后胸腔引流量和输血量较少,呼吸机辅助时间、ICU留观时间和住院时间均较短,住院费用较低(P均＜0.05).术后并发症的发生率OPCAB组为10.9%,CCABG组为30.0%,两组比较差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组患者均无手术中死亡;术后心绞痛症状均消失. 结论 OPCAB治疗冠心病的初期效果优于CCABG,但其近、远期疗效还需进一步观察.     

非体外循环动脉化与常规冠状动脉旁路移植术对比分析

目的评估非体外循环动脉化冠状动脉旁路移植术(AOPCAB)与常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)相比是否具有优越性。方法将60例2支以上血管病变行冠状动脉旁路移植术(不包括瓣膜手术或室壁瘤切除等合并手术的病例)患者分为AOPCAB组和CCABG组,40例AOPCAB组通过胸骨正中切口,在非体外循环心脏不停跳下完成冠状动脉旁路移植术;20例CCABG组建立常规体外循环,心脏停搏下完成冠状动脉旁路移植术。对两组病例的术前和术后各项指标进行对比分析。结果两组患者术前的一般情况无差异,AOPCAB组与CCABG组移植旁路血管分别为2.9±0.8支比3.9±1.1支(P<0.01),但所用的血管材料两组间无差异。AOPCAB组术后呼吸机辅助时间和外科住院时间较短,住院费用较低(P<0.05)。AOPCAB组无手术死亡,CCABG组死亡1例(P>0.05)。结论 AOPCAB治疗冠心病多支病变的初期结果显示可以减少患者术后辅助呼吸时间和外科住院时间,降低住院费用,术后并发症少,但远期效果仍有待进一步临床研究验证。     

老年冠心病患者非体外循环及体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术疗效比较

目的 比较非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)及体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)治疗老年冠心病患者的疗效.方法 选择2015年1月至2017年6月安阳市人民医院年龄≥60岁的冠心病患者152例,按照手术方式不同分为CCABG组83例和OPCABG组69例,比较两组患者围手术期相关指标,并应用中文版健康状况调查表(SF-36)评估患者术前和术后6个月生活质量.结果 两组静脉桥血管远端吻合口数、手术时间、二次开胸率及围手术期死亡例数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);OPCABG组输血量、呼吸机支持时间、ICU天数、住院天数及并发症发生率显著低于CCABG组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).OPCABG组SF-36的社会功能、精神功能、总体活力、情感职能及总体健康评分显著高于CCABG组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者在SF-36的躯体疼痛、生理功能及生理职能评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 OPCABG治疗老年冠心病患者临床疗效显著,具有手术创伤少,术后并发症少,康复时间短等优点,有利于提高术后生活质量.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期cTnI的变化

目的观察非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OpCABG）与常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（CCABG）围术期肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）的变化规律,评估两种手术方式心肌损伤的差异。方法连续性选取100例行冠状动脉旁路移植术患者,男女不限,分为CCABG组和OpCABG组,每组各50例,CCABG组于肝素化前,主动脉开放后即刻、3、6、12、24h;OpCABG组于肝素化前,第一支移植动脉开始灌注后即刻、3、6、12、24h抽取静脉血,检测血清cTnI、CK-MB值。结果 2组肝素化前cTnI、CK-MB均处于正常范围,cTnI术后各时间点均明显升高,24h达峰值,CCABG组升高时间早于OpCABG组,且峰值明显高于OpCABG组,CK-MB变化趋势与cTnI相似,6h达峰值,2组参数间有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,CCABG组中有8例ST-T改变,OpCABG组中有10例ST-T改变。2组中ST-T改变患者cTnI峰值明显高于ST-T无改变者,CK-MB升高幅度明显小于cTnI。结论 OpCABG与CCABG围术期cTnI、CK-MB变化规律相似,与CCABG相比,OpCABG能明显降低心肌损伤,cTnI与心肌损伤程度密切相关,其敏感性高于CK-MB。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.