健康成年人心率变异性分析285例

目的:为了解健康成年人心率变异性在人群中的变化规律.方法:采用Holter检测系统对285名健康成年人进行24 h动态心电图监测,然后分析时域法指标和频域法指标随年龄和性别不同的变化规律.结果:高年龄组的时域法指标和频域法指标显著低于低年龄组(P《0.05).各年龄组中女性的时域法指标均显著低于男性(P《0.05),而频域法指标在50岁以下各组女性显著低于男性(P《0.05),在50岁以上各组女性与男性没有显著性差别(P》0.05).结论:随着年龄的增长,心率变异性有下降的趋势,在青壮年男性的心率变异性高于女性.     

小剂量性激素治疗痤疮80例疗效分析

1987年我们采用放射免疫法测定45例座疮患者血清睾酮和雌二醇水平,发现女性患者血清睾酮水平高于对照组,大部分患者伴有月经周期紊乱,部分患者乳房发育差及轻度多毛现象。并发现男性患者血清雌二醇水平高于对照组,且雌二醇水平偏高的男性患者胡须及腋毛生长较迟缓稀疏。从1988年～1989年我们随机分析400例痤疮息者及150例正常人某些第二性征发育情况及女性患者的月经周期情况,结果为75％的女性患者伴有月经周期紊乱,60％的男性患者胡须迟缓稀疏。从1988年开始     

男性浆细胞性乳腺炎临床特征及其预后

 目的 探讨男性浆细胞性乳腺炎临床特征及其预后。方法 收集首都医科大学附属北京中医医院男性浆细胞性乳腺炎6例和同期诊断为浆细胞性乳腺炎51例女性患者临床资料,比较两组预后差异,对患者年龄、发病特点、生活习惯与预后的关系进行统计学分析。结果 与女性患者相比,男性浆细胞性乳腺炎发病年龄为(41.3±5.1)岁,晚于女性患者(37.3±5.1)岁,肿物好发于乳晕区及乳晕旁,对于疾病的重视程度较低。男性疗程为(3.3±2.1)个月,较女性患者(7.1±1.2)个月短,有较高的疗效满意度。结论 男性浆细胞性乳腺炎发病年龄晚于女性患者,预后差异无统计学意义,非手术治疗浆细胞性乳腺炎有较好的临床疗效。     

西藏日喀则地区1340例胃镜检查患者消化性溃疡患病率的回顾性研究

目的：探讨高原低氧环境对汉藏族患者消化性溃疡患病率的影响。方法对1340名胃镜检查患者进行回顾性研究,将患者分为汉族男性、汉族女性、藏族男性、藏族女性四组。分别比较四组患者消化性溃疡的患病率。结果高原环境下胆汁返流阳性的患病率汉族与藏族无差别;消化性溃疡患病率汉族>藏族;胆汁返流阳性的患者中消化性溃疡患病率汉族男性>藏族男性,汉族女性>藏族女性。结论高原环境下习服的汉族居民消化系统溃疡的患病率与藏族比较明显上升,特别是胆汁返流阳性的人群中消化性溃疡患病率比较差异尤为明显。     

331份血清标本梅毒检测结果分析

应用梅毒初筛与确证两种试验方法对 331份血清标本进行检测。结果显示梅毒检出率为 17.2 2 % (5 7/331) ,女性梅毒阳性率为 2 4% (30 /12 5 ) ,男性阳性率为 13.11% (2 7/2 0 6 ) ,χ2 =6 .6 4,P <0 .0 5。女性患者阳性率显著高于男性。发病年龄段主要集中于 2 0～ 39岁     

腰椎间盘突出症患者骨密度CT定量研究

目的:研究腰椎间盘突出症患者骨密度的变化,探讨椎间盘突出对骨密度的影响.方法:选取180例20～40岁青壮年腰腿痛患者纳入研究,女性76例,男性104例;腰椎间盘突出症者89例,无腰椎间盘突出症者91例.选择性CT定量检测L2～L4椎体骨骨松质密度,对比分析腰椎间盘突出症和性别与骨密度的相关性.结果:腰椎间盘突出症者骨密度显著低于无椎间盘突出症者(P＜0.05);腰椎间盘突出症组男性比女性椎体骨密度略减低(P=0.043＜0.05).结论:腰椎间盘突出症患者椎体骨密度明显减低,且对男性骨密度的影响稍大于女性.     

77例男性乳腺癌患者~(99m)Tc-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像结果分析

目的通过分析男性乳腺癌患者骨显像结果,揭示乳腺癌发生骨转移的性别差异性,提高人群尤其是男性对本病的认知。方法回顾性分析我院经病理证实的男性乳腺癌患者77例核素全身骨显像资料,阳性或可疑阳性者进行SPECT/CT局部断层融合显像检查。计算发生骨转移的例数及检出率,与同期进行骨显像的17566例女性确诊乳腺癌患者资料进行统计学分析比较。结果 77例男性乳腺癌患者,占乳腺癌患者的0.44%,其中检出骨转移患者20例,占男性患者25.97%(20/77),17566例女性乳腺癌患者,占乳腺癌患者的99.56%,检出骨转移患者2385例,占女性患者13.58%(2385/17566);男性和女性患者骨转移检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(2=10.01 P0.05)。结论男性乳腺癌发病率低,但更易发生骨转移,因此,男性一旦发现胸部肿块,更应及早诊治。     

126例寻常型银屑病患者的睡眠质量调查及影响因素分析

目的 调查寻常型银屑病患者的初次发病年龄并探讨寻常型银屑病发病的相关因素.方法 通过对625例门诊患者进行流行病学调查和皮疹严重程度评估,分析其初次发病年龄的规律,并建立logistic回归模型,探讨与病情相关的影响因素.结果 625例寻常型银屑病患者中男性319例(51.04%),女性306例(48.96%).初次发病年龄高峰,男性为20～25岁,女性为10～15岁.初次发病年龄在5～10岁的女性患者人数明显多于男性(P<0.01),10～15岁的女性患者人数亦明显高于男性患者(P<0.05),其他年龄段的男性与女性患者人数无显著差异(P>0.05).25项调查项目中人选9项影响病情的相关因素,4项差异有显著性,按影响度高到低排序分别是性别、初发年龄、文化程度和年龄.结论 寻常型银屑病女性患者的发病年龄要早于男性,与病情相关的主要影响因素有性别、文化程度、年龄、发病年龄.文化程度的影响表明社会心理因素在银屑病的发生、发展中起着很重要的作用,应予以重视.     

625例寻常型银屑病患者的初发年龄调查及临床资料的多元回归分析

目的 调查寻常型银屑病患者的初次发病年龄并探讨寻常型银屑病发病的相关因素.方法 通过对625例门诊患者进行流行病学调查和皮疹严重程度评估,分析其初次发病年龄的规律,并建立logistic回归模型,探讨与病情相关的影响因素.结果 625例寻常型银屑病患者中男性319例(51.04%),女性306例(48.96%).初次发病年龄高峰,男性为20～25岁,女性为10～15岁.初次发病年龄在5～10岁的女性患者人数明显多于男性(P<0.01),10～15岁的女性患者人数亦明显高于男性患者(P<0.05),其他年龄段的男性与女性患者人数无显著差异(P>0.05).25项调查项目中人选9项影响病情的相关因素,4项差异有显著性,按影响度高到低排序分别是性别、初发年龄、文化程度和年龄.结论 寻常型银屑病女性患者的发病年龄要早于男性,与病情相关的主要影响因素有性别、文化程度、年龄、发病年龄.文化程度的影响表明社会心理因素在银屑病的发生、发展中起着很重要的作用,应予以重视.     

400例痤疮患者的某些第二性征异常的分析及临床意义

1987年我们报导了女性痤疮患者血清睾酮水平明显高于正常对照组;男性患者血清雌二醇水平高于正常对照组。同时观察到大部分女性患者伴有不同程度的月经周期紊乱及轻度多毛现象;约三分之一的男性患者胡须生长较晚且稀。为深入评价这些临床异常表现,我们从1987年11月～1989年7月随机分析门诊300例女性患者的月经周期、乳房发育及体毛生长情况,100例男性患者的体毛生长情况,并与150例正常人对照,其结果报告如下。 调查对象与方法 调查对象:寻常型痤疮患者共400例,女性300例,年龄16～34岁,病程2个月～8年;     

淋球菌增菌培养基的研制与临床应用

利用1640作基础培养液,加入淋球菌生长因子及多种抗生素等物质,配制了淋球菌增菌培养基。与革兰染色和巧克力(色)培养基对照进行淋球菌检测。结果,临床诊断急性淋病24例,革兰染色、巧克力(色)培养基、增菌培养基阳性检出率分别为91.67％、98.53和100％临床诊断慢性淋病15例,阳性检出率分别为40％、53.33％,和80％。淋球菌增菌培养基对淋球菌的阳性检出率高于革兰染色和巧克力(色)培养基。     

空气置换法、生物电阻抗法与皮褶厚度法测试身体成分的比较研究

目的:探讨生物电阻抗法与皮褶厚度法测定身体成分的结果与空气置换法(BOD-POD)结果的相关性。方法:随机选取20~59岁上海市居民697名(男471名,女226名),以空气置换法测定的身体成分值作为标准,将生物电阻抗法(OMRON与TANITA)和皮褶厚度法(测量部位为上臂部和肩胛部)的结果与之进行单因素方差分析和相关性分析。结果:皮褶厚度法测试结果与空气置换法结果相关性最低;生物电阻抗法中,TANITA测试结果与空气置换法结果相关性最高,OMRON相关性较低。结果提示:生物电阻抗法中TANI-TA测量的可靠性相对较高,皮褶厚度法(测量部位为上臂部和肩胛部)测量的可靠性相对较低。     

Comparison of the physical demands of single-sex training for male and female recruits in the British Army

This study compared the physical demands and progression of basic training for male and female British Army recruits in single-sex platoons. Thirty male and 30 female recruits were monitored for energy expenditure (EE) (doubly labeled water), physical activity (3-dimensional accelerometry) and cardiovascular strain (percent heart rate reserve) during 6 weeks over the 14-week course. First time pass rate was similar for male (60%) and female (57%) recruits. Average daily percent heart rate reserve (female 31 +/- 4%; male 32 +/- 5%), physical activity levels (female 2.2 +/- 0.2; male 2.3 +/- 0.2) and percentage improvements in 2.4-km run time (female 10 +/- 4%; male 10 +/- 5%) were similar for both sexes (p > 0.05), although male recruits had 12% higher physical activity counts (p < 0.01). Although the absolute physical demands of basic training were greater for male recruits, the relative cardiovascular strain experienced was similar between sexes.     

职业放射工作人员男性乳腺癌病因概率的初步研究

目的:探讨男性乳腺癌的病因概率的计算方法,为我国职业放射工作人员男性乳腺癌的病因判定提供理论基础。方法:利用日本原爆幸存者拟合得到的男性乳腺癌超额相对危险(ERR)模型与美国电离辐射生物效应委员会(BEIR)VII提供的女性乳腺癌超额绝对危险(EAR)模型两种方法,对既往1例被诊断为男性乳腺癌病例进行乳腺剂量及其病因概...     

首批女歼击机飞行员心理健康状况调查与分析

目的探讨首批歼击机女飞行员心理健康状况,为制定相应的心理卫生保障措施作参考。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对空军某飞行学院女歼击机飞行员16例进行心理健康测评,并与中国男飞行员、军校女学员、中国军人常模以及中国成年人常模比较。结果女飞行员未检出阳性例数,男性检出阳性5例,占该院受调查男飞行员的31.3%,无因子分值≥3分者。男女飞行员之间恐怖因子分值没有差异(P>0.05);女飞行员SCL-90总分、阳性项目数、阳性项目平均分及各因子分值均显著低于中国男飞行员、军校女学员、中国军人常模或中国成年人常模(P<0.01)。结论歼击机女飞行学员心理健康水平总体良好,优于男飞行学员,为其高难飞行课目训练奠定了良好的心理基础。     

Comparison of stress fractures of male and female recruits during basic training in the Israeli anti-aircraft forces

BACKGROUND: In military basic training, stress fractures are a common orthopedic problem. Female recruits have a significantly higher incidence of stress fractures than do male recruits. Because the Israeli Defense Forces opened traditionally male roles in combat units to female recruits, their high risk for stress fractures is of concern. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of stress fractures during Israeli Defense Forces anti-aircraft basic training among otherwise healthy young male and female recruits, in terms of anatomic distribution and severity. DESIGN: Ten mixed gender batteries, including 375 male recruits and 138 female recruits, carried out basic training in the Israeli anti-aircraft corps between November 1999 and January 2003. Each battery was monitored prospectively for 10 weeks of a basic training course. During that time, recruits who were suspected of having an overuse injury went through a protocol that included an orthopedic specialist physical examination followed by a radionuclide technetium bone scan, which was assessed by consultant nuclear medicine experts. The assessment included the anatomic site and the severity of the fractures, labeled as either high severity or low severity. RESULTS: Stress fractures were significantly more common among female recruits than among male recruits. A total of 42 male (11.2%) and 33 female (23.91%) recruits had positive bone scans for stress fractures (female:male relative ratio, 2.13; p < 0.001). Pelvic, femur, and tibia fractures were significantly more common among female recruits than among male recruits (p < 0.005). Female recruits had significantly more severe fractures in the tibia (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the severity of stress fractures in the femur or metatarsals between male and female recruits, as assessed by radionuclide uptake. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend that different training programs be assigned according to gender, in which female recruits would have a lower level of target strain or a more moderate incline of strain in the training program throughout basic training.     

Sexual dimorphism of the human sternum in a Maharashtrian population of India: a morphometric analysis

Determination of sex from human skeletal remains is an imperative element of any medicolegal investigation. Length of manubrium, length of mesosternum, and combined length of manubrium and mesosternum were measured in 115 sternums of confirmed sex (75 male and 40 female) for sexual dimorphism. Application of "the 50 rule" for the manubrium confirmed sex in 77.3% male and 77.5% female bones, while application of "the 81 rule" for the mesosternum confirmed sex in 73.3% male and 75% female bones accurately. Application of "the 131 rule" derived from the study for combined length of manubrium and mesosternum confirmed sex in 85.3% male and 77.5% female sternums correctly. This study confined to the Maharashtra region of western India is useful to determine the sex of the sternum when it is subjected for medicolegal skeletal examination.     

A comparative study for the isolation of exogenous trace DNA from fingernails

Often fingernails from a victim or suspect involved in a physical assault, such as murder or sexual assault, are submitted to crime laboratories for DNA testing of foreign/exogenous biological material; however, very few studies have been conducted comparing the effectiveness of different sampling methods on the removal of foreign/exogenous DNA while minimizing the fingernail endogenous DNA. In this study three different sampling methods (swabbing, PBS soak, and PrepFiler® lysis buffer soak) were compared in order to identify one that minimizes the amount of endogenous DNA removed and maximizes the amount of foreign/exogenous male DNA removed. The samples were processed using the Tecan HIDEVO150 robot in order to reduce analyst time and the DNA mixtures were interpreted using the probabilistic genotyping software STRmix™. For each sampling method the quantity of male DNA, the mixture proportions, the number of foreign/exogenous male alleles detected, the amount of DNA degradation, and the discrimination power via the likelihood ratio obtained for the foreign/exogenous male DNA donor were determined and compared. The PrepFiler® lysis buffer soak and swabbing sampling methods appear to be equally effective at removing foreign/exogenous DNA from fingernails; however, the lysis buffer soak sampling method extracts more female endogenous DNA from the fingernail and the female DNA is degraded. Marginally higher likelihood ratios were obtained for the swab samples versus the PrepFiler® lysis buffer soak samples; therefore, it was determined that the swabbing sampling method was the best sampling method for the recovery of foreign exogenous DNA from fingernails while minimizing the amount of endogenous DNA removed.     

补充肌酸对生长发育期雌、雄大鼠内源性肌酸合成的影响

目的:探讨补充肌酸对生长发育期雌、雄大鼠内源性肌酸合成的影响,为不同群体合理使用肌酸提供实验依据。方法:21天龄雌性和雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组,每组雌、雄大鼠各6或7只,分别连续补充0(对照液)、0.15、0.35、0.75或1.5g/kg/d肌酸液8周。观察内源性肌酸合成代谢途径中L-精氨酸-甘氨酸脒基转移酶(AGAT)活性和其它主要指标的变化。结果:与相同性别对照组相比,雌性或雄性大鼠补充肌酸8周后,肾脏AGAT活性和肝脏胍乙酸含量均降低,且补充肌酸剂量越大,降低越明显;腓肠肌、跖肌和比目鱼肌肌酸含量、血清肌酐含量升高;肾脏结构无明显差异。补充相同剂量肌酸的雄性大鼠肾脏AGAT活性和肝脏胍乙酸含量均高于雌性大鼠。结论:补充肌酸对生长发育期雌性或雄性大鼠的内源性肌酸合成均有抑制作用。雌性大鼠内源性肌酸合成能力弱于雄性。补充肌酸有助于提高骨骼肌肌酸含量。大剂量(1.5g/kg/d)补充肌酸不会对肾脏结构产生明显影响。     

青年人胃癌43例临床分析

目的探讨35岁以下青年人胃癌的临床特征，提高对本地区青年人胃癌的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析我院近10年来收治的43例青年人胃癌病例资料。结果43例青年人胃癌，占同期全部胃癌病例的7．3％，男性16例，占37．2％；女性27例，占62．8％；年龄最小18岁。病理分类以弥漫型癌多见，占32例，肠型胃癌11例。肿瘤的TNM分期中Ⅳ期病例占55．8％。结论青年人胃癌恶性程度高，较难早期诊断，确诊的主要方法为胃镜和上消化道造影检查，并经手术及病理证实，提高对青年人胃癌的诊治水平对早期诊断、提高疗效、改善预后意义重大。