口腔鳞癌组织中KAI1 mRNA的表达

目的:探讨肿瘤转移抑制基因KAI1 mRNA在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其临床病理意义。方法:采用原位杂交法检测74例原发性口腔鳞癌(无淋巴结转移49例,有淋巴结转移25例)、21例相应的淋巴结转移灶、19例口腔黏膜白斑和10例正常口腔黏膜石蜡标本组织中KAI1 mRNA的表达情况。结果:KAI1 mRNA在正常黏膜组、黏膜白斑组、鳞癌无淋巴结转移组、有淋巴结转移组和淋巴结转移灶组中阳性表达率分别为100%、84.2%、61.2%、28.0%和4.8%,其中无淋巴结转移鳞癌组显著低于正常和黏膜白斑组,P<0.05,淋巴结转移组显著低于无淋巴结转移组,P=0.045,淋巴结转移灶组显著低于相应鳞癌组,P=0.040。低分化鳞癌的KAI1阳性表达率显著低于高、中分化鳞癌,P<0.001。KAI1的表达与鳞癌患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤大小和浸润深度以及pT-MN分期无显著相关,P>0.05。结论:KAI1 mRNA表达下调可能与口腔鳞状细胞癌的组织分化程度和淋巴结转移有关。     

喉鳞癌中p-STAT3和Skp2的表达及其相关性研究

目的:检测喉鳞癌中信号转导和转录激活因子3的活化和Skp2 蛋白的表达,探讨其临床意义及相关性.方法:采用免疫组织化学法检测p-STAT3和Skp2蛋白在56例喉鳞状细胞癌和30例喉全(或近全)切除者癌旁(＞2.0 cm)正常黏膜中的表达,应用Metamorph/DP10/BX41显微图象分析系统测定阳性表达的平均光密度值,并进行统计分析.结果:与癌旁正常黏膜组相比较,p-STAT3和Skp2蛋白在喉鳞癌组织中过表达(P＜0.01);p-STAT3和Skp2蛋白过表达与喉鳞癌的分化程度、临床分期、颈淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);在喉鳞癌组织中p-STAT3蛋白和Skp2蛋白的表达呈正相关关系,相关系数r=0.8041(P＜0.01).结论:p-STAT3和Skp2蛋白过表达与喉鳞癌的发生、发展和转移等生物学行为有关,两者的表达呈正相关.     

KAI1基因在喉鳞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨KAI1基因在喉鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法取40例喉鳞癌及9例正常对照喉组织,应用半定量的RT PCR方法,检测KAI1基因mRNA的表达。结果正常喉黏膜KAI1基因mRNA的中、低表达率和阴性率均为33.3%(3/9);无淋巴结转移组喉癌高、中、低表达率和阴性率分别为40.0%(10/25)、28.0%(7/25)、20.0%(5/25)和12.0%(3/25);淋巴结转移组喉癌中、低表达率和阴性率分别为20.0%(3/15)、26.7%(4/15)和53.3%(8/15),无淋巴结转移组喉癌与正常喉组织比较,KAI1mRNA表达升高差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),有淋巴结转移与无淋巴结转移组喉癌比较,KAI1基因mRNA表达下降差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病理高分化喉癌KAI1基因mRNA高、中、低表达率分别为50.0%(5/10)、30.0%(3/10)和20.0%(2/10);病理低分化喉癌其高、中、低表达率和阴性率分别为8.3%(1/12)、16.7%(2/12)、16.7%(2/12)和58.3%(7/12);高分化与低分化比较,KAI1基因mRNA表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论KAI1基因mRNA表达下降可能与喉鳞状细胞癌的病理低分化和淋巴结转移有关。     

食管鳞状细胞癌组织中COX-2、VEGF-C的表达及其与淋巴管生成的关系

摘 要　目的：探讨人食管鳞状细胞癌组织中环氧合酶2（cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2）和血管内皮生长因子C（vascular endothelial growth factor-C,VEGF-C）的表达及其与肿瘤淋巴管生成的关系。方法：取2002年1月至2007年1月间辽宁医学院附属第一医院病理科66例食管鳞状细胞癌组织标本,另取10例癌旁组织标本（食管癌病灶旁2 cm外黏膜）作为对照。采用免疫组化SP法检测食管鳞状细胞癌组织中COX-2、VEGF-C的表达情况;采用血管内皮生长因子受体3（VEGFR-3）和基底膜标记物Ⅳ型胶原免疫组化染色观察肿瘤组织淋巴管生成情况,测量淋巴管密度（lymphatic vessel density,LVD）,并分析其与淋巴结转移的关系。结果：66例食管鳞癌组织中COX-2和VEGF-C表达阳性率分别为69.70%和56.06%,均显著高于相应的癌旁组织（P<0.05）;淋巴结转移组织中的COX-2和VEGF-C表达阳性率明显高于无淋巴结转移组织（P<0.01）;COX-2和VEGF-C表达之间存在明显相关性(r= 0.479,P<0.05)。COX-2和VEGF-C蛋白双阳性的食管鳞癌组织中LVD明显高于均呈双阴性表达者（P<0.05）。 结论：人食管鳞状细胞癌组织中存在COX-2和VEGF-C的高表达,COX-2可能通过上调VEGF-C表达促进食管鳞癌组织中淋巴管生成,进而促进淋巴结转移的发生。     

癌蛋白iASPP在喉鳞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:从蛋白及mRNA水平检测iASPP在喉鳞癌组织中的表达,并研究其表达与喉鳞癌患者临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法:采用免疫组化方法检测99例喉鳞癌和15例癌旁黏膜组织中癌蛋白iASPP的表达,统计分析iASPP的表达与喉鳞癌患者临床病理特征和预后的关系;采用荧光定量RT-PCR检测13例配对喉鳞癌及癌旁组织中iASPP mRNA的表达情况。结果:癌蛋白iASPP在喉鳞癌细胞的胞浆及胞核中均有表达,且iASPP蛋白及mRNA在喉鳞癌组织和癌旁黏膜组织中的表达有显著性差异(P＜0.01)。胞浆iASPP蛋白和胞核iASPP蛋白的表达与喉鳞癌患者的T分期(P=0.001,P=0.021)、临床分期(P=0.001,P=0.010)、淋巴结转移(P=0.001,P=0.003)和复发(P＜0.001,P=0.001)具有显著的相关性。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果表明,胞浆iASPP蛋白高表达组和低表达组、胞核iASPP蛋白高表达组和低表达组的5年无病生存率和5年总生存率间具有显著性差异(P均<0.01)。进一步用多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示,胞浆iASPP表达水平是喉鳞癌患者预后的独立影响因素(P＜0.01)。结论:癌蛋白iASPP在喉鳞癌组织中的表达显著上调,且与喉鳞癌患者的T分期、临床分期、淋巴结转移和复发密切相关。iASPP可能在喉鳞癌的发生发展中起着重要作用,并有望成为预测和评估喉鳞癌患者预后的重要分子标志物和潜在的治疗靶点。     

Survivin、Bcl-2和Bax在喉鳞状细胞癌中的表达

目的探讨凋亡抑制基因survivin在喉鳞癌中的表达及其与Bcl-2、Bax基因表达的相关性。方法应用免疫组织化学链酶卵白素-生物素复合体(strept avidin-biotin complex,SABC)方法检测45例喉鳞癌及10例正常喉黏膜组织中survivin,Bcl-2及Bax基因的表达。结果喉鳞癌组织中,Survivin的表达率为80%,显著高于正常喉黏膜组织的表达率20%(P均<0.05)。Survivin蛋白表达与喉鳞癌的TNM分期及淋巴结转移有关(P均<0.05)。Survivin表达与Bcl-2蛋白表达呈正相关(P<0.05),而与Bax蛋白表达呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论Survivin在喉鳞癌的发生发展中起重要作用,可能成为喉鳞癌基因治疗的新靶点;survivin基因可能与凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax在喉鳞癌的发展中分别起协同和拮抗作用。     

COX-2和MMP-2在宫颈鳞癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)在宫颈鳞癌组织中的表达、相互关系及临床意义.方法: 38例宫颈鳞状细胞癌为实验组,慢性宫颈炎及正常宫颈组织各10例为对照组.采用免疫组化SP法分别检测COX-2和MMP-2在各组中的表达情况.结果: COX-2和MMP-2在正常、炎性、鳞癌组织中均有表达,但鳞癌中的表达显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);正常及宫颈炎组之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05);COX-2和MMP-2的表达与宫颈癌的临床分期、病理分级、淋巴转移无明显相关性(P＞0.05);但在有淋巴转移组和无淋巴转移组中表达强弱不同.在宫颈鳞癌组织中MMP-2、COX-2 蛋白的表达之间存在显著正相关(r=0.581,P＜0.01).结论: COX-2和MMP-2与宫颈鳞癌的发生、发展相关,并在其侵袭、转移中可能发挥了作用,且两者关系密切.     

喉鳞癌中P-STAT3和Skp2的表达及其相关性研究

目的：检测喉鳞癌中信号转导和转录激活因子3的活化和skp2蛋白的表达,探讨其临床意义及相关性。方法：采用免疫组织化学法检测P—STAT3和skp2蛋白在56例喉鳞状细胞癌和30例喉全（或近全）切除者癌旁（〉2．0cm）正常黏膜中的表达,应用Metamorph／DPIO／BX41显微图象分析系统测定阳性表达的平均光密度值,并进行统计分析。结果：与癌旁正常黏膜组相比较,P—STAT3和Skp2蛋白在喉鳞癌组织中过表达（P〈0．01）;P—STAT3和skp2蛋白过表达与喉鳞癌的分化程度、临床分期、颈淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;在喉鳞癌组织中P—STAT3蛋白和skp2蛋白的表达呈正相关关系,相关系数r=0．8041（P〈0．01）。结论：P—STAT3和Skp2蛋白过表达与喉鳞癌的发生、发展和转移等生物学行为有关,两者的表达呈正相关。     

喉鳞癌组织中Oct-4 mRNA的表达及意义

目的探讨Oct-4 mRNA在喉鳞癌组织中的表达及意义。方法采用RT-PCR和荧光定量PCR检测48例喉鳞癌及其癌旁正常喉黏膜组织中Oct-4 mRNA的表达。结果 RT-PCR显示Oct-4 mRNA在喉鳞癌组织中的阳性率为64.6%,荧光定量PCR显示喉鳞癌组织中Oct-4 mRNA的相对表达量为0.533±0.142,而癌旁正常喉黏膜组织未检测出Oct-4基因的表达（P〈0.01）。Oct-4 mRNA在喉鳞癌高分化组阳性率为33.3%,显著低于中、低分化组的69.0%（P〈0.05）;无淋巴结转移组阳性率为47.8%,显著低于有淋巴结转移组的80.0%（P〈0.05）;Ⅰ、Ⅱ期组阳性率为47.4%,低于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期组的75.9%（P〈0.05）。荧光定量PCR结果显示Oct-4基因的相对表达量随着喉鳞癌组织分化减低、淋巴结转移和高的临床分期而显著增加（P〈0.05）。结论 Oct-4基因的高表达可能参与了喉鳞癌的发生、发展,并对判断喉鳞癌患者的生物学行为有一定意义。     

LSD1和EZH2蛋白表达与食管鳞癌术后预后相关性分析

目的 表现遗传学是当前肿瘤生物学研究的热点,本研究探讨食管鳞状细胞癌癌组织中组蛋白赖氨酸特异性脱甲基酶1 (lysine specific demethylase 1,LSD1)和Zeste基因增强子(enhancer of zeste homolog 2,EZH2)的蛋白表达与术后预后的相关性.方法 收集2008-05-07-2009-8-20在安阳市肿瘤医院胸外科行食管癌根治术的食管鳞癌患者85例.选取食管鳞癌组织85例,淋巴结转移癌组织30例,癌旁组织30例.免疫组织化学法检测食管鳞癌组织、淋巴结转移癌组织、癌旁组织中LSD1和EZH2蛋白表达.采用x2检验分析LSD1和EZH2蛋白表达与临床病理特征的关系;Spearman法分析LSD1和EZH2两者的相关性;Kaplan-meier法和Logrank-test检验分析LSD1和EZH2蛋白表达与术后总生存期(overall survival,OS)和无进展生存期(progression free survival,PFS)的关系,Cox模型多因素预后分析.结果 LSD1在食管鳞癌组织和淋巴结转移癌组织中的高表达率分别为64.7％ (55/85)和70.0％(21/30);癌旁组织均为少量阳性表达(低表达),主要位于增殖较旺盛的鳞状上皮基底部;LSD1在食管鳞癌组织、淋巴结转移癌组织的表达均高于癌旁组织(P＜0.001,P=0.001),食管鳞癌组织与淋巴结转移癌组织中的表达差异无统计学意义,P=0.598.EZH2在食管鳞癌组织、淋巴结转移癌组织和癌旁组织中的高表达率分别为62.3％(53/85)、76.7％ (23/30)和20.0％ (6/30);EZH2在食管鳞癌组织、淋巴结转移癌组织的表达均高于癌旁组织(P＜0.001,P=0.001),食管鳞癌组织与淋巴结转移癌组织中的表达差异无统计学意义,P=0.155.Spearman相关分析显示,LSD1和EZH2蛋白表达存在正相关,r=0.239,P=0.028.LSD1蛋白表达水平与pT分期(P=0.007)和分化程度(P=0.021)相关.EZH2蛋白表达水平与pT分期(P=0.022)、pN分期(P=0.046)和分化程度(P=0.018)相关.单因素分析显示,LSD1高表达患者的mOS和mPFS均低于低表达患者,均P＜0.001.EZH2高表达患者的mOS和mPFS均低于低表达患者,均P＜0.001.亚组分析LSD1和EZH2同时高表达患者的中位总生存期(median overall survival,mOS)和中位无进展生存期(median progress free survival,mPFS)均低于非LSD1和EZH2同时高表达患者,均P＜0.001.多因素分析显示,LSD1表达为独立的PFS预后指标,P=0.005;EZH2表达为独立的OS和PFS预后因素(P=0.003,0.014).结论 LSD1和EZH2在食管鳞癌组织和淋巴结转移癌组织中表达上调,高表达的患者与术后不良预后有关.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.