超声引导下穿刺活检在胸膜及肺周病变诊断中的临床应用

目的:探讨超声引导下经皮肺穿刺在胸膜及肺周围病变诊断中的临床应用价值。方法:住院患者36例,发现胸膜及肺脏周边病变,接受超声引导下经皮肺穿刺活检,所取组织均做病理学检查。结果:36例胸膜及肺脏周围病变穿刺成功率100%,3例为良性,33例为恶性。结论:超声引导经皮在胸膜及肺周围病变穿刺活检术操作简单、安全性高、创伤小、诊断准确性高、并发症少,具有实际应用价值,值得临床广泛推广。     

CT引导下经胸膜外腔径路纵隔肿瘤穿刺活检的临床应用

目的评价CT引导下经胸膜外径路纵隔肿瘤穿刺活检的临床价值。材料和方法回顾性分析2009—2011年间本院21例纵隔病变,在cT引导下经胸膜外径路的经皮穿刺活检。所有病例行组织学或细胞学检查,并分析其准确性和并发症。结果21例娲例中,前纵隔穿刺14倒,后纵隔穿刺7例,15例注射了生理盐水在壁层胸膜外脂肪间隙内（胸内筋膜和壁层胸膜之间）;18例得到了病理诊断,包括淋巴瘤5例,转移性肿瘤4例,气管鳞癌1例,胸腺瘤2例,结核3例,结节病1例,神经纤维瘤和神经鞘瘤各1例。3例病检为炎性组织。1例出现前纵隔血肿,所有病例均未发生气胸,并发症发生率4．76％（1／21）。结论CT引导下,经胸膜外径路纵隔肿瘤的穿刺活检是一种安全和简便的定性诊断方法。     

超声引导下肺自动活检术

目的：探讨超声引导下自动活检枪对肺部疾病的诊断优势。方法：通过对35例经X线胸片或胸部CT发现并可为超声探及的肺部病变，但又不能定性的患者，进行自动活检取材，并作组织学检查。结果：35例肺部病变患者共进行75次活检穿刺取材，取材成功率98％，34例得到明确的组织学诊断。结论：超声引导下自动活检枪穿刺活检操作简单、准确、快速、病理诊断率高，有较高临床应用价值。     

CT引导经皮肺部穿刺活检使用抽吸针及活检枪的临床总结

目的 探讨如何针对不同病变选用不同的穿刺工具,以提高诊断正确率,降低术后并发症.方法 分别使用美国COOK DCHN抽吸针(16-18G,15 cm)及美国Angiotech半自动活检枪(16-18G,15 cm)对286例肺部病变进行经皮穿刺活检,其中使用抽吸针101例,使用半自动活检枪185例,依据手术病理判断活检病理诊断结果是否正确.比较选用抽吸针及半自动活检枪在诊断正确率和术后并发症发生率方面的差异.结果 选用抽吸针对恶性病变诊断正确率(89.3%)略高于半自动活检枪(80%);选用半自动活检枪对良性病变诊断正确率(93.7%)较抽吸针诊断正确率(41.2%)明显提高(P=0.002).选用半自动活检枪术后并发症(42.2%)略高于抽吸针(34.6%).结论 根据肺部病变的位置、大小、密度等因素,术前认真分析,合理选用不同的穿刺工具能够明显提高病变诊断正确率和减少术后并发症.     

Diagnostic efficiency and complication rate of CT-guided lung biopsy: a single center experience of the procedures conducted over a 10-year period

Background  Computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic lung biopsy is a well-established technique for the diagnosis of pulmonary lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency and complication rate of CT-guided lung biopsy in a Chinese population.

Methods  CT-guided cutting needle lung biopsies were performed in our institution on 1014 patients between January 2000 and October 2010. A chest radiograph was taken after the biopsy. Data about basic patient information, final diagnosis, and complications secondary to biopsy procedure (pneumothorax and bleeding) were extracted.

Results  The diagnostic efficiency of CT-guided lung biopsy was 94.8%; only 53 patients did not get a final diagnosis from lung biopsy. Final diagnoses found 639 malignant lesions (63.0%) and 322 benign lesions (31.8%). Pneumothorax occurred in 131 patients and 15 required insertion of an intercostal drain. Small hemoptysis occurred in 41 patients and mild parenchymal hemorrhage occurred in 16 patients. The overall complication rate was 18.5%.

Conclusions  CT-guided cutting needle biopsy of pulmonary lesions is a relatively safe technique with a high diagnostic accuracy. It can be safely performed in clinical trials.

 

     

Open lung biopsy for diffuse parenchymal lung disease in children

An open lung biopsy was performed in 12 children with diffuse parenchymal lung disease. A definitive histopathological diagnosis was obtained from all procedures but determined treatment options in only 10 children (83%). Three (25%) children were ventilated for respiratory failure prior to the procedure. Four (44%) of the other 9 children required ventilatory support after the procedure. Three (25%) children developed post-op pneumothorax that resolved fully with chest tube drainage. There were no deaths as a direct result of the procedure. Open lung biopsy is useful in providing a definitive diagnosis in children with diffuse parenchymal lung disease and determining treatment in the majority of cases. The procedure was well-tolerated with minimal complications.     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术在周围型肺癌诊断中的临床价值

目的 探讨评价CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术在周围型肺癌诊断中的临床价值.方法 对38例疑似周围型肺癌患者行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检,对照组32例行经支气管镜肺活检,对两组穿刺活检确诊率和并发症发生率进行比较.结果 CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检及经支气管镜肺活检的确诊率分别为89.47%及46.88%,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检及经支气管镜肺活检的并发症的发生率分别为18.42%及15.62%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术对周围型肺癌诊断准确率高,并发症少.     

经皮穿刺活检与薄层CT检查对43例周围性肺结节诊断的对比分析

目的比较经皮穿刺肺活检与薄层CT检查对周围性肺结节的诊断价值.方法对43例周围性肺结节患者行薄层CT检查和在模拟机引导下经皮肺活检,其中25例恶性肿瘤和3例未明确诊断者行手术治疗.结果薄层CT检查诊断周围性肺癌31例,转移性肺癌2例,结核球7例,炎性假瘤3例.全部病例行经皮穿刺肺活检,病理确诊肺癌25例,转移性肺癌3例,结核球8例,炎性假瘤4例,未能明确诊断3例.经皮肺活检诊断为肺癌25例行手术治疗,结核球6例行手术治疗,诊断与术前诊断符合率100%,经皮肺活检未明确诊断者3例全部行手术治疗,术后诊断为炎性假瘤1例,肺癌2例.总诊断符合率薄层CT检查为86.1%,经皮肺活检为93.0%.结论薄层CT检查对有特征性改变的病灶诊断符合率高,但对不典型病变诊断价值有限,经皮肺活检阳性率高,但有假阴性结果,临床应综合考虑.     

Utility of Wang transbronchial needle biopsy in sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology, commonly seen in the western world. The incidence varies and may be as high as 40/100,000 of the population per year. The commonest mode of presentation is as hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy on a chest radiograph. Even though sarcoid is in general a benign disease and most patients will not progress to chronic lung disease, a tissue diagnosis is necessary for management as other differential diagnoses such as lymphoma, tuberculosis and other causes of interstitial lung disease need to be excluded. The usual method of a obtaining a tissue diagnosis is transbronchial forceps biopsy (TBBx), via a fibre-optic bronchoscope (FOB). The presence of non-caseating granuloma in the biopsy specimen is diagnostic of sarcoidosis if the tissue is stain and culture negative for tuberculosis and fungi. However TBBx carries significant complications — in particular there is a risk of pneumothorax (10–20 per cent) and significant and rarely life-threatening haemorrhage has been reported. Furthermore, a diagnosis of sarcoidosis is made by TBBx in only approximately 70 per cent of cases. Thus in about 30 per cent of cases a further procedure such as mediastinoscopy or open lung biopsy is required to obtain a tissue diagnosis. We report a patient with suspected sarcoidosis who had negative TBBx in whom the diagnosis was confirmed using a Wang transbronchial needle (MW-319, Mill Rose Lab., U.S.A.) to biopsy mediastinal lymph nodes via the FOB.     

甲状腺粗针穿刺活检临床研究

目的:探讨粗针穿刺活检在甲状腺疾病诊断中的临床意义.方法:采用Tru-Cut活检针,对52例难于诊断的甲状腺疾病患者给予甲状腺粗针穿刺活检(CNB),并测定甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb).结果:CNB穿刺成功率100%,病理诊断率100%,活检前临床与组织病理诊断符合率71.2%,16.7%以上桥本氏甲状腺炎患者甲状腺自身抗体TGAb和TPOAb测定结果阴性.无严重穿刺并发症.结论:甲状腺疾病诊断不肯定时可应用CNB,CNB是一种全面诊断甲状腺疾病简便、安全可靠的方法.     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术对周围型肺癌的诊断价值探究

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术诊断周围型肺癌的价值。方法 回顾性分析2009年1月~2014年6月期间在笔者医院放射科接受诊疗的625例患者的临床资料。对患者基本资料、穿刺成功率、病理诊断结果、肺穿刺活检并发症及相关危险因素进行统计分析。结果 本研究共有625例患者, 患者年龄39~86岁, 平均年龄62.71±10.18岁。其中, 男性416例, 女性109例。625例患者均CT引导肺穿刺确诊均为周围型肺癌。总的穿刺成功率为100%。625例患者病理类型以腺癌为主, 占78.40%, 腺鳞癌和鳞癌分别占9.28%和5.28%。本次研究625例患者肺穿刺活检主要并发症为气胸和咯血。病灶直径≤2cm、进针深度>3cm、穿刺针数≥3针、操作者经验不足(95%CI:2.217~19.281)等因素和并发气胸、咯血密切相关。合并COPD(95%CI:2.516~12.079)与并发气胸密切相关。结论 CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术用于周围型肺癌的诊断具有重要临床价值, 可提高诊断准确率。肺穿刺术中常见并发症有咯血和气胸, 与病灶直径、进针深度、穿刺针数、操作者经验、是否合并COPD等因素相关。     

CT导引下纵隔穿刺活检术的临床应用及价值

目的 探讨CT导引下纵隔穿刺活检术的临床应用及价值。方法 25例纵隔疾病患者，在CT导引下应用自动切割式活检针取材。所有病例均同时行组织学和细胞学检查。结果 穿刺取材成功率（刺中率）为96．2％（25／26），细胞学准确率为95．8％（23／24），组织学准确率87．5％（21／24），总体诊断准确率为92．0％（23／25）。气胸发生率为24．0％（6／25），最多肺压缩15例，肺出血3例（12％），咯血1例（4％），随诊。结论：CT导引下纵隔穿刺活检术是一种有效，安全的检查手段。     

CT导向下弹簧式自动活检针经皮肺穿刺活检的临床应用

目的探讨CT导向下弹簧式自动活检针经皮肺穿刺活检术的临床应用价值.方法对临床及影像学不能确诊的肺部病变168例行CT导向下弹簧式自动活检针经皮肺穿刺术,分析穿刺成功率、正确诊断率以及并发症的发生率.结果 168例(100%)穿刺成功;158例(94.05%)获得正确诊断,其中肺癌93例,转移瘤4例,结核28例,慢性炎性病变33例;并发症主要为气胸和出血,其发生率分别为8.33%和20.24%.结论CT导向下弹簧式自动活检针经皮肺穿刺活检术操作简便,诊断准确,值得临床进一步推广应用.     

CT导引下弹簧芯状活检针肺穿刺活检

①目的 探讨CT导引下应用弹簧芯状活检针肺穿刺活检术的准确性、并发症的发生率及其影响因素。②方法 1998年6月～2001年12月，应用弹簧芯状活检针经皮肺穿刺并经手术病理和临床随访证实．对其中具有完整资料的150例病人进行分析。③结果 对150例病人的150个病灶共进行了200次穿刺活检，其中148例取得了满意的组织学标本，取材成功率为98．7％。其中恶性肿瘤诊断准确率93．2％，假阴性率为6．8％；良性病变诊断准确率为88．7％，假阴性率为11．3％．总诊断准确率为91．3％，假阴性率为8．7％。气胸发生率为11．3％。咯血发生率为8．7%．未发生大出血。④结论 CT导引下弹簧芯状活检针经皮肺穿刺活检对肺内良性病变和恶性肿瘤的诊断准确性较高。     

Thoracoscopic lung biopsy for diffuse infiltrative lung disease

Thoracoscopic lung biopsy is becoming the procedure of first choice for the diagnosis of many localized and diffuse lung diseases. We have performed thoracoscopic lung biopsy for 17 patients with diffuse infiltrative lung disease, in Kurume University Hospital. There were 13 females and 4 males with a mean age of 48 years (range: 19-71 years). Thoracoscopic surgical biopsy was performed in the right lung in 12 and in the left lung in 5. Adequate lung tissue from each case was obtained for pathological examination. The mean surgical biopsy time was 49 min (range: 25-72 min) and bleeding was negligible. The mean duration for chest tube drainage was 2.6 days. No postoperative complication such as prolonged air leakage occurred. A specific diagnosis from the biopsy was achieved in 13 (76.4%) of the 17 cases. In only 6 (35.2%) of the 17 cases, the pathological diagnosis was the same as that from the thoracoscopic biopsy. In these 6 cases, the same diagnosis was obtained only in those with idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis or diffuse panbronchitis. Thoracoscopic lung biopsy was safe and useful for diagnosis for diffuse infiltrative lung disease.     

16例胸膜间皮瘤临床分析

１６例胸膜间皮瘤，其中１例有石棉接触史，占６．１７％；＞４０岁者占８１．５％。主要临床表现为胸痛、气短、咳嗽、低热和胸腔积液，临床上易误诊为结核性胸膜炎、肺癌胸膜转移等。胸部ｘ线检查及胸部ＣＴ对该病的诊断有帮助，大都有特征性表现。确诊靠针刺胸膜活检及开胸活检。胸膜间皮瘤的治疗主要采用手术、放疗和化疗，对于局限型治疗首选手术切除。肿瘤的良、恶性、疾病的分期及治疗与预后有一定关系。     

Minimally invasive approaches for histological diagnosis of anterior mediastinal masses

Background Anterior mediastinal masses include a wide variety of diseases from benign lesions to extremely malignant tumors. Management strategies are highly diverse and depend strongly on the histological diagnosis as well as the extent of the disease. We reported a prospective study comparing the usefulness of core needle biopsy and mini-mediastinotomy under local anesthesia for histological diagnosis in anterior mediastinal masses. Methods Atotal of 40 patients with masses of unknown histology and located either at or near the anterior mediastinum received biopsy prior to treatment. The diagnostic methods were core needle biopsy in 28 patients and biopsy through mini-mediastinotomy under local anesthesia in 15 patients （including 3 patients for whom core needle biopsy failed to yield a definite diagnosis）. Results Histological diagnosis was achieved in 18 of the 28 patients receiving core needle biopsy. Of them, all 4 patients with pleural fibromas and 9 of the 12 patients （75%） with pulmonary mass were diagnosed definitively. In the remaining 12 patients with mediastinal mass, histological diagnosis was achieved in only 5 patients （41.7%）. In contrast, biopsy through a mini-mediastinotomy failed in only 3 patients. In the remaining 12 patients with huge mediastinal masses, who underwent mini-mediastinotomy, a definitive histological diagnosis was reached by pathological and/or immunohistochemical study （diagnostic yield 85.7% in 12 of 14 cases of mediastinal mass, P=0.038 vs core needle biopsy）. For the 9 patients with thymic epithelial tumors, the diagnostic yield was 40% （2 in 5 cases） for core needle biopsy and 83.3% （5 in 6 cases） for mini-mediastinotomy. There was no morbidity in patients receiving mini-mediastinotomy. In the 30 patients with biopsy-proven histological diagnosis, the results contributed to therapeutic decision making in 25 cases （83.3%）. Conclusions Core needle biopsy is effective in the diagnosis of pulmonary and pleural diseases. Yet its diagnostic yield in mediastinal mass is rather low. Superior to core needle biopsy, biopsy through a mini-mediastinotomy under local anesthesia is highly effective in the histological diagnosis of anterior mediastinal mass, and has a satisfactory diagnostic yield. The method is safe, minimally invasive, cost-effective, and useful in therapeutic decision making for anterior mediastinal masses.     

超声引导经皮穿刺肺活检的临床应用

目的评价超声引导经皮穿刺肺活检的诊断正确性和安全性。方法应用16G穿刺活检针对160例肺部病变患者行超声引导下活检,标本送组织病理检查。随访6个月获得最终诊断。结果 160例患者中诊断率为89.4%（143/160）;其中恶性病变42.5%（68/160）,良性病变占46.9%（75/160）。恶性肿瘤确诊率97.1%（66/68）,良性病变确诊率77.3%（58/75）。穿刺术后并发症为气胸3.75%（9/160）。咯血2.5%（4/160）。结论超声引导经皮肺穿刺活检术是一种安全有效的诊断技术,具有定位准确、确诊率高、并发症少的优点。     

CT透视导引下经皮肺穿刺活检的临床应用(附54例分析)

目的：评价CT透视导引下经皮肺穿刺活检中CT透视定位、取材方法、病变等因素对本项检查准确性的影响及其应用价值。方法：回顾分析54例资料完整的病例。其中48例为肺内小结节灶，结节直径11－15mm21例，16－20mm22例，21－30mm5例；另外，肺门区病变5例，1例为纵隔内淋巴结。所有病变均在CT透视导引下穿刺。结果：54例患者CT透视导引下穿刺均获成功，并获得组织学材料54例,细胞学 材料30例，整个穿刺操作平均耗时15min左右，良恶性病变总的诊断率为92．5％（50／54），无假阳性。气胸发生率为12．9％。无1例需放置闭式引流管。病变区周围见出血灶8例。少量痰中带血6例，无大咯血病例。结论；CT透视导引下经皮肺穿刺活检是一项先进的动态影像学和病理学相结合的检查方法，与常规CT引导下穿刺活检相比，具有耗时短、简便、准确、安全、可靠的优点，有条件的单位值得推广应用。     

CT引导下粗针穿刺活检在诊断肺部局限性病变中的应用

目的：探讨在CT引导下对肺部局限性病灶进行粗针穿刺活检的结果,讨论其临床应用价值。方法：选取我院2000年2月~2010年2月收治的100例患者的100个肺部病灶,回顾性分析其在CT引导下行粗针穿刺活检的资料。结果：本组100个病例中,恶性病变69例,粗针活检对65例作出了特定诊断,敏感性为94.2%（65/69）;良性病变31例,粗针活检对24例作出了特定诊断,特异性为77.4%（24/31）,诊断准确率为89.0%（89/100）。此外,粗针活检对小病灶和大病灶的诊断准确率相近。粗针活检肺部轻度出血26例,占26.0%;轻度气胸32例,占32.0%。结论：因粗针穿刺所取得的活检标本较大,可供病理检查特定的组织类型诊断,诊断准确率较高,且并发症在可接受的范围,在诊断肺部局限性病变上有很大的临床应用价值。