老年男性2型糖尿病患者血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶水平变化及其与血脂的关联

目的探讨老年男性2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清中γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)的变化及其与血脂的关联性。方法采用Olympus AU2700全自动生化分析仪及相应试剂检测168例老年男性T2DM患者和74例老年男性健康体检者血清中GGT、空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),比较上述指标在2个研究人群中的差异,并根据GGT测定值分为4级,分析其与血脂的相关性。结果在168例老年男性T2DM患者中,血清GGT升高者67例,异常率为39.88%;老年男性T2DM血清中FPG、GGT、TC、TG、LDL-C水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01),而HDL-C水平明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01);老年男性T2DM患者GGT升高组TG水平明显高于GGT正常组(P<0.01),GGT升高组HDL-C水平明显低于GGT正常组(P<0.01);在老年男性T2DM患者中,随着血清TG水平随GGT的水平升高而升高,而血清HDL-C水平随GGT的水平升高而下降,不同组别之间的差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论老年男性T2DM患者伴血清GGT升高者较多见,血清GGT与血清TG、HDL-C相关,血清GGT、TG升高和血清HDL-C降低可能是老年男性T2DM新的危险因素。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶与炎症的相关性

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期及急性期患者血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)的变化及其与炎症的关系。方法选取60例无肝脏及胆道疾病的COPD稳定期患者和60例急性期患者,测定患者血清GGT活性与C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT))及白介素(IL)-6水平,并进行相关分析。结果 COPD患者急性加重期与稳定期比较:血清GGT、CRP、PCT及IL-6均明显升高(P0.05);COPD患者稳定期血清GGT与CRP、PCT及IL-6的相关系数分别为:0.227、0.105、0.011;COPD急性期血清GGT与CRP、PCT及IL-6的相关系数分别为0.546、0.624、0.116。结论血清GGT水平在COPD急性期明显升高,并与血清CRP、PCT及IL-6相关。血清GGT水平可用来评估COPD患者的炎症及氧化应激。     

γ谷氨酰转肽酶与冠心病的相关性研究

目的分析血清γ谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)水平与冠心病和冠状动脉病变程度的关联程度。方法纳入2018年2～10月在泰达国际心血管病医院首次住院的疑似冠心病患者211例,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为急性心肌梗死(AMI)组46例,不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)组93例和对照组72例。又根据冠状动脉病变血管支数分为多支病变组72例、双支病变组63例和单支病变组76例。比较各组治疗前后血清GGT水平变化,采用Spearman相关分析。结果 AMI组和UAP组治疗前血清GGT水平明显高于对照组[(80.52±13.83)U/L、(69.65±13.02)U/L vs(40.93±11.94)U/L,P0.01],且AMI组明显高于UAP组(P0.01)。AMI组和UAP组治疗后血清GGT水平均低于治疗前(P0.01)。治疗前,多支病变组和双支病变组血清GGT水平明显高于单支病变组(P0.01),多支病变组血清GGT水平与双支病变组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,多支病变组和双支病变组血清GGT水平明显低于治疗前(P0.01),但3组血清GGT水平比较,均无统计学差异(P0.05)。血清GGT与冠状动脉病变程度呈正相关(r=0.341,P=0.000)。结论血清GGT水平在冠心病不同类型病变中差异明显,可能对冠心病的治疗及预后具有重要借鉴意义。     

高血压患者血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶与冠状动脉病变的相关性研究

目的:研究高血压患者血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)与冠状动脉(冠脉)病变程度的关系。方法:纳入2016-03-2017-09于武汉科技大学附属天佑医院心内科住院并行冠脉造影检查的高血压患者219例,根据冠脉造影结果分为冠脉病变组(研究组,121例)和冠脉正常组(对照组,98例)。根据Gensini评分,将研究组分为轻度病变组(48例,Gensini积分20分)、中度病变组(39例,20≤Gensini积分≤40分)和重度病变组(34例,Gensini积分40分)3个亚组;按冠脉病变累积血管支数,将研究组分为单支病变组(47例)与多支病变组(74例)。所有纳入患者均检测GGT、血糖、血脂、血尿酸等指标。结果:研究组患者血清GGT与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平明显高于对照组(P0.05)。重度病变组患者血清GGT与LDL-C水平升高程度明显高于轻度和中度病变组,各亚组间GGT与LDL-C水平差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。研究组患者血清GGT、LDL-C水平与Gensini积分呈正相关性(P0.05);随着病变累及支数的增加,血清GGT与LDL-C水平逐渐升高。Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清GGT与LDL-C是高血压患者发生冠心病的危险因素。结论:高血压患者的GGT升高程度与其冠脉病变程度呈正相关性。GGT可作为冠心病发生的独立预测因子。     

维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶水平与代谢综合征的相关性

目的探讨新疆维吾尔自治区维吾尔族成人2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)与代谢综合征(MS)组分的相关性。方法测定维吾尔族T2DM患者(男93例,女79例)的GGT、血脂、空腹血糖(FBG)、血压、腰围等。结果 1随着GGT四分位数的升高,男、女的腰围、体重指数(BMI)、甘油三酯(TG)升高;2男性组的GGT与腰围、BMI、舒张压(DBP)、TG、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)呈正相关,女性组的GGT与腰围、BMI、TG、TC呈正相关(P均<0.01);3线性回归模型的结果显示,男、女两组中GGT水平主要受腰围及TG水平的影响。结论 T2DM患者血清γ-GGT与MS组分相关,同时在MS各组分中,GGT与TG和TC水平具有相关性。     

慢性肾脏病患者血浆成纤维细胞生长因子23与心血管疾病的关系

慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者心血管并发症发生率较普通人群增高,心血管疾病(CVD)是CKD进展的重要危险因子。CKD患者的矿物质与骨代谢异常(MBD)包括血清全段甲状旁腺激素(i PTH)升高、维生素D缺乏及高磷血症等,均为CVD的独立影响因素。成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)能调节体内磷和维生素D代谢水平。血浆FGF23水平在CKD患者早期即进行性升高,一方面是机体对尿毒症状态的适应性变化,另一方面也是骨病与心血管并发症等病理过程的起始因素。血浆FGF23水平与CKD患者的左心室肥厚(LVH)、血管钙化、心血管功能异常及死亡率增加相关。现将FGF23的生理特点及其与CVD的关系、介导CVD的机制等作一综述。     

肥厚型心肌病病人血清γ谷氨酰转移酶水平与左心超声检查指标的相关性研究

目的探讨肥厚型心肌病病人血清γ谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)水平与左心超声检查指标的相关性。方法选择我院2015年1月—2017年1月收治的144例肥厚型心肌病病人作为观察组;选择我院同期健康体检人员144名作为对照组。检测两组血清学以及心脏超声;测定两组的三酰甘油、左室射血分数(LVEF)以及左心房容积(LVD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVD)指标,分析左心超声检查指标同血清γ谷氨酰转移酶水平相关性。结果观察组病人谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)水平、左房容积指标(LAVI)水平以及LVD等指标水平高于对照组(P0.05);观察组肥厚型心肌病病人LVEF水平同对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);对于LAVI水平、E/E′,水平、LAV水平以及E/A水平,与血清GGT水平为正相关关系(P0.05);同LVD水平以及LVEF水平未呈现出相关性(P0.05)。结论对于肥厚型心肌病病人,左心超声指标同血清GGT水平呈正相关关系。在疾病诊断期间给予超声及血清GGT水平测定,对于肥厚型心肌病的早期诊断有一定帮助。     

血清Lp-PLA2 GGT与冠心病及冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性分析

目的分析血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)与冠心病(CHD)及冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性。方法选择2018-06~2019-06于郑州大学第二附属医院心内科首次就诊的170例疑似CHD患者的临床资料,根据冠状动脉造影检查结果分为CHD组(103例)和非CHD组(67例)。检测患者血清Lp-PLA2、GGT水平,分析血清Lp-PLA2、GGT与CHD及冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。结果CHD组Lp-PLA2、GGT、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、Gensin积分水平以及合并高血压、糖尿病人数比例显著高于非CHD组(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平显著低于非CHD组(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,CHD患者血清Lp-PLA2、GGT水平与冠状动脉病变支数呈正相关(rs=0.681,P=0.000;rs=0.603,P=0.000)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,CHD患者血清Lp-PLA2、GGT水平与Gensin积分呈正相关(r=0.799,P=0.000;r=0.621,P=0.000)。多因素logistic分析结果显示,较高水平的Lp-PLA₂、GGT和LDL,以及合并高血压是促进CHD发生的危险因素(P<0.05);而较高水平的HDL是抑制CHD发生的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论较高水平的血清Lp-PLA2、GGT是促进CHD发生的危险因素,可较好地反映冠状动脉病变严重程度,可作为评估CHD发生、进展的可靠指标。     

自身免疫性肝病患者血清LECT2的表达水平及临床意义

目的分析自身免疫性肝病患者血清白细胞衍生趋化因子2(LECT2)的表达水平及临床意义。方法选取北京市朝阳区双桥医院收治的自身免疫性肝病患者45例作为研究组,同期在门诊健康体检者45名作为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测所有入选对象血清LECT2表达水平,以比色法检测天门冬氨基酸氨基转移酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)水平,以全自动生化仪检测总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)水平,以Pearson分析血清LECT2水平与血清AST、GGT、ALT、DBIL、TBIL水平的相关性。结果进展期患者血清LECT2、AST、ALT、DBIL、TBIL、GGT水平均高于缓解期患者和对照组(P均0.05),缓解期患者与对照组上述指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。未愈组患者血清LECT2、AST、ALT、GGT、DBIL、TBIL水平均高于好转组和对照组(P均0.05),好转组与对照组上述指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,自身免疫性肝病患者血清LECT2水平与血清AST、GGT、ALT、DBIL、TBIL水平均呈正相关(r=0.360、0.491、0.431、0.316、0.452,P均0.05)。结论自身免疫性肝病患者血清中LECT2呈高表达,其水平与血清AST、GGT、ALT、DBIL、TBIL水平均呈正相关,血清LECT2水平可能作为评估疾病严重程度的指标。     

血清Lp-a、sICAM-1、GGT水平联合检测在冠心病病人病情评估中的应用价值

目的探讨血清脂蛋白-a(Lp-a)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)水平联合检测在冠心病病人病情评估中的应用价值。方法选取2014年2月—2017年2月我院收治的102例冠心病病人为研究组,其中急性心肌梗死34例,不稳定型心绞痛42例,稳定型心绞痛26例;轻度35例,中度47例,重度20例。另选取同期于我院进行健康体检者102名为对照组。入院后第2天晨起时抽取所有受检者空腹静脉血4mL,测定血清Lp-a、sICAM-1、GGT水平,对比研究组与对照组、不同病理类型及不同病情程度冠心病病人血清Lp-a、sICAM-1、GGT水平,并分析血清Lp-a、sICAM-1、GGT水平与冠心病病情程度的相关性。结果研究组血清Lp-a、sICAM-1、GGT水平较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同病理类型冠心病病人血清Lp-a、sICAM-1、GGT水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同病情程度冠心病病人血清Lp-a、sICAM-1、GGT水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);血清Lp-a、sICAM-1、GGT水平均与冠心病病情程度存在明显正相关关系(r=0.452,P0.05;r=0.391,P0.05;r=0.443,P0.05)。结论冠心病病人血清Lp-a、sICAM-1、GGT水平异常增高,其与冠心病病情程度存在明显正相关关系,联合检测上述指标水平可有效评估冠心病病情程度,且可为冠心病病理类型鉴别提供一定参考依据。     

Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Levels are Associated With Concomitant Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Korean Hypertensive Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Previous studies suggested that serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels were associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the general population. We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum GGT levels and CVD risk factors in Korean hypertensive patients.This cross-sectional study was based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2011 to 2012. The analysis included 1541 hypertensive participants. Study participants were divided into groups according to tertiles of serum GGT with cutoff points of 20 and 35 U/L.Serum GGT levels were positively associated with the components of MetS (P value < 0.05, except for systolic blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). After adjusting for possible confounders, serum GGT levels were associated with an increased risk of MetS, high waist circumference, high triglyceride level, fasting plasma glucose, DM, and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (P = 0.001).In hypertensive patients, serum GGT levels are positively associated with major cardiovascular risk factors such as MetS, DM, and urinary albumin excretion.     

Association between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase level and prehypertension among US adults.

BACKGROUND: Higher serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels, a marker of oxidative stress, are implicated in the development and progression of hypertension; however, data from non-Caucasian ethnicities are limited. Also, currently there is little data available on the association between serum GGT level and clinically relevant blood pressure (BP) categories earlier in the disease continuum, when hypertension prevention efforts may be applicable. The association between serum GGT and prehypertension was examined in a nationally representative sample of US adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cross-sectional study among 5,827 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 participants aged > or =18 years without cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension. The main outcome-of-interest was the presence of prehypertension (systolic BP 120-139 mmHg or diastolic BP 80-89 mmHg) (n=2,269). Higher serum GGT levels were positively associated with prehypertension, independent of smoking, waist circumference, diabetes, cholesterol levels and other confounders. The multivariable odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) comparing quartile 4 of GGT (>29 U/L) to quartile 1 (<13 U/L) was 1.84 (1.37-2.46), p<0.0001. This association persisted in separate analyses among men and women. The results were consistent in subgroup analyses by race-ethnicity, age, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, waist circumference and diabetes. In non-parametric models, the positive association between serum GGT and prehypertension appeared to be present across the full range of GGT, without any threshold effect. CONCLUSIONS: Higher serum GGT levels are associated with prehypertension in a nationally representative sample of US adults, free of CVD and hypertension.     

gamma-Glutamyltransferase predicts cardiovascular death among Japanese women

The clinical importance of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) has recently been debated. Although some studies have suggested that the relationship between GGT and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is independent of alcohol consumption, to our knowledge no studies have reported the relationship between GGT and CVD mortality in never-drinker subgroups. Since Japanese women are known to have a lower prevalence of alcohol consumption, we examined whether GGT predicts CVD mortality in never-drinkers. We followed 2724 Japanese men and 4122 Japanese women without prior CVD or liver dysfunction for 9.6 years and observed 83 and 82 CVD deaths, respectively. Current alcohol drinkers comprised 59% of men and 7% of women. Among women, the multiple adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for CVD mortality compared with the reference group (GGT: 1-12 U/L) was 2.88 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14-7.28) for the elevated group (GGT>or=50 U/L). This positive relationship was unchanged in the never-drinkers subgroup (HR for log-transformed continuous GGT, 1.62 (95% CI, 1.11-2.37)). No significant relationships were observed in men. GGT displays a strong positive association with CVD mortality among Japanese women, for whom the prevalence of ever-drinkers is very low. Exploring the significance and biological mechanisms of GGT might provide useful insights into CVD prevention.     

Total bilirubin independently predicts incident metabolic syndrome among community-dwelling women

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is related to the increased risk of major cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The link between high serum total bilirubin (TBL) is cross-sectionally related to MetS and its components. However, whether serum TBL predicts incidence of MetS and its components remains inconclusive.MethodsThe present study included 893 women aged 70 ± 9 years from a rural village. We examined the relationship between serum TBL and MetS based on the modified criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP) III report in a cross-sectional (N = 893) and cohort (N = 288) data.ResultsIn the cross-sectional study, serum TBL (β = 0.536, p < 0.001) as well as age, alcohol consumption, exercise habits, history of CVD, SUA, GGT, and ALT was significantly and dependently associated with number of MetS components, but in the cohort study serum TBL was not associated with number of MetS components. Compared with the 1st tertile of serum TBL (0.20–0.55 mg/dL), multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for the 2nd -3rd tertiles of serum TBL (0.54–2.00 mg/dL) was 0.70 (0.51–0.95) in the cross-sectional study and 0.41 (0.21–0.81) in the cohort study.ConclusionsOur data demonstrated an independently negative association between serum TBL and MetS in Japanese community-dwelling women.     

The association of serum gamma glutamyltransferase with components of the metabolic syndrome in the Korean adults

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease related to insulin resistance. Recently, serum gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been proposed as a marker of oxidative stress and is associated with a marked increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease. So, we investigated the association between serum GGT and components of the metabolic syndrome in the Korean adults. A total 3246 adults (aged 20-70 years, 1622 men and 1624 women) who visited Center for Health Promotion in Pusan National University Hospital for a medical checkup were included. We measured serum GGT and lipid profiles, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and blood pressure. As the quartile of serum GGT increased, the number of components of MS and prevalence of MS were increased. Serum GGT was also increased according as the number of components of MS was increased. A significant correlation (r=0.200, p<0.001 in men and r=0.133, p<0.001 in women) was noted between the numbers of the components of the MS and serum GGT. In addition, serum GGT was correlated significantly (r=0.266, p<0.001 in men and r=0.264, p<0.001 in women) with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In linear regression model, serum GGT was mainly influenced by the concentration of triglycerides and fasting glucose. In conclusion, serum GGT is closely related with insulin resistance and the increased number of components of MS. Among components of MS, serum GGT may be more associated with dyslipidemia and abnormal glucose tolerance, suggesting that serum GGT has more relationship with hepatic insulin resistance regardless of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.     

Can persistent organic pollutants explain the association between serum γ-glutamyltransferase and type 2 diabetes?

The results of several epidemiological studies of serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) led us to hypothesise that associations of GGT within its normal range with type 2 diabetes may reflect detrimental effects of xenobiotics found in the environment, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Epidemiological observations showed that serum GGT activity within its normal range strongly predicted future type 2 diabetes; the predictability of diabetes from obesity was low with GGT at the low end of the normal range; and GGT showed a positive association with known markers of oxidative stress or inflammation. Experimental findings on cellular GGT suggest that serum GGT levels within the normal range may reflect oxidative stress related to the re-synthesis of intracellular glutathione; however, this interpretation is not completely satisfying because, in its role of regenerating intracellular glutathione, GGT activity should be antioxidative. Alternatively, serum GGT activity may reflect amounts of glutathione conjugates formed during the metabolism of xenobiotics. Accordingly, we postulate a two-part hypothesis: that the association of serum GGT with type 2 diabetes reflects exposure to POPs, as these substances, which have a very long half-life, may influence diabetes risk by residing in adipose tissue as endocrine disruptors; and that POPs or similar substances may interact with obesity to cause type 2 diabetes. Supporting this hypothesis, cross-sectional investigation of background exposure to POPs in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey showed relationships similar to those observed for GGT, including a powerful association with prevalent diabetes and no association between obesity and diabetes for very low POP concentrations. Our hypothesis can be tested in both prospective studies and toxicological studies.     

Cardiovascular disease potentially contributes to the progression and poor prognosis of COVID-19

Background and aimA novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused pneumonia, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), broke out in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and spread all over the world. Patients with COVID-19 showed huge differences in the hospital stay, progression, and prognosis. As reported, the comorbidities may play an important role in COVID-19. Here, we aim to address the role of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the progression and prognosis of COVID-19.Methods and resultsEighty-three confirmed COVID-19 patients were divided into CVD (n = 42) and non-CVD (n = 41) group according to their medical history. Medical records including demographic data, medical history, clinical characteristics, laboratory examinations, chest computed tomography (CT), and treatment measures were collected, analyzed, and compared between the two groups. COVID-19 patients with CVD showed (1) more severe pathological changes in the lungs, (2) elevated injury-related enzymes including α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HDBH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), (3) significantly increased uncontrolled inflammation related markers, such as c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, serum ferritin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and serum amyloid A (SAA), (4) serious hypercoagulable status reflected by increased D-dimer and serum fibrinogen (FIB), and (5) higher mortality, compared to COVID-19 patients without CVD.ConclusionsOur data indicated that CVD is a strong risk factor for rapid progression and bad prognosis of COVID-19. More intensive medical care should be applied to patients with CVD to prevent rapid deterioration of the disease.     

Should liver function tests be included in definitions of metabolic syndrome? Evidence from the association between liver function tests,components of metabolic syndrome and prevalent cardiovascular disease

Aims The definition of metabolic syndrome (MS) continues to be debated and does not include abnormal liver function tests (LFTs). This study aims to determine: (1) the association between the five ATP3 MS diagnostic components and different LFTs, and (2) the association between raised LFTs and prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods A total of 1357 patients, without alcoholism or known liver disease, from randomly selected households from rural Victoria, Australia, attended for biomedical assessment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) areas under the curve (AUC) were determined for associations between the ATP3 diagnostic components, and between LFTs and ATP3 diagnostic components. Results The range of ROC AUC for ATP3 diagnostic components was 0.60–0.77. Waist had the strongest association and blood pressure the weakest. The strength of association between ATP3 diagnostic components and gamma GT (GGT) was similar (0.63–0.72), but was less for alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. Using the ROC-derived GGT cut-off (men 27 IU, women 20 IU), those with MS and a high GGT had more CVD than those with MS and a low GGT, and those without MS (18% vs. 10% vs. 7%, respectively; P < 0.001). Among those with MS, after adjusting for covariates, the odds ratio of CVD was 2.66 (1.18–5.96) for a high GGT compared to a low GGT. CVD was not significantly more prevalent in MS patients with a low GGT compared to non-MS patients. Conclusions We suggest that including a raised GGT in the criteria for MS could increase its predictive nature for CVD. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.     

Studies of Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

ABSTRACT

Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a clinical marker of biliary disease, but is also of importance in anti-oxidant metabolic pathways and, consequently, is a potential biomarker of oxidative stress in COPD. Serum GGT is increased in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) but this could reflect a hepatic, systemic or pulmonary origin. We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum GGT, lung disease, liver disease and mortality in subjects with AATD. Serum GGT was measured at the baseline assessment in 334 PiZ subjects from the UK AATD registry, and related to static lung function, chronic bronchitis, sputum purulence, history of acute exacerbations, smoking status, mortality, alcohol consumption, cirrhosis and serum markers of liver disease. GGT correlated with airflow obstruction and was associated with chronic bronchitis. GGT levels were higher in current smokers compared with ex-smokers and never smokers, and in non-survivors compared with survivors. Although GGT related to alcohol consumption and established liver disease, it was independently related to FEV₁, mortality, smoking history and male gender. In conclusion, although serum GGT reflects the presence of liver disease it is independently associated with airflow obstruction and mortality. Further studies are needed to establish the role of GGT in oxidative lung injury, and its use as a potential biomarker in chronic inflammatory lung disease.     

不同性别2型糖尿病患者血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶水平与代谢综合征的相关性研究

目的探讨江苏省成人2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）与代谢综合征（MS）组分的相关性。方法测定T2DM患者（男438例,女300例）的GGT、血脂、空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、血压、腰围等。结果①随着GGT四分位数的升高,男、女2组的体质量指数（BMI）、三酰甘油（TG）、FINS及稳态胰岛素评估模型胰岛素抵抗（HOMA—IR）指数升高;②男性组的GGT与腰围、BMI、舒张压（DBP）、TG、总胆固醇（TC）、FINS及MS组分数呈正相关,女性组的GGT与TG呈正相关（P均〈0．01）;③男、女性组GGT与HOMA—IR呈正相关（P均〈0．05）;④线性回归模型的结果显示,男性组中GGT水平主要受腰围及TG水平的影响,女性组中GGT水平主要受TG水平的影响。结论T2DM患者血清GGT与胰岛素抵抗及MS组分相关,同时在MS各组分中,GGT与TG水平最具相关性,提示GGT可能与肝脏胰岛素抵抗密切相关。