老年血液透析和腹膜透析患者蛋白质能量消耗的危险因素分析

目的分析老年血液透析和腹膜透析患者的蛋白质能量消耗(PEW)的危险因素,为预防该类患者PEW以及预后改善提供依据.方法根据国际肾脏营养与代谢学会关于PEW诊断标准共纳入上海市第八人民医院肾内科、复旦大学附属中山医院老年科、上海交通大学附属第六人民医院肾内科2016年5月至2020年6月行腹膜透析(PD)和血液透析(HD)治疗未发生PEW的老年患者112例为非PEW组,同期纳入114例发生PEW的患者归为PEW组;比较两组患者一般资料、生化指标、人体学测量、生物电阻抗等指标的差异,采用二分类Logistic回归分析老年HD和PD患者发生PEW的独立危险因素.结果PEW组与非PEW组比较,PEW组平均年龄更高(t=0.951、P<0.001),≥65岁者占比更高(χ²=17.161、P<0.001),体质指数更低(t=6.740、P<0.001),糖尿病肾病发生率更高(χ²=14.176、P<0.001),血液透析率更高(χ²=4.543、P=0.033),透析月龄更长(t=2.306,P=0.023),转铁蛋白、血清前白蛋白、血清总蛋白、血红蛋白水平、总胆固醇、体细胞质量指数更低(t=6.262、13.405、9.507、8.341,4.610、5.599、2.499,均P<0.05),高敏C反应蛋白水平、水分比更高(t=6.380、4.519,均P<0.001),上臂肌围更小(t=5.418、P=0.000).二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,≥65岁、透析龄、血清白蛋白、高敏C反应蛋白水平是HD治疗的老年患者PEW发生的独立影响因素(OR=2.762、0.182、2.694、2.980,P=0.023、0.007、0.009、0.027);≥65岁、体质指数、血红蛋白水平是PD治疗的老年患者发生PEW的独立影响因素(OR=2.452、0.671、0.962,P=0.013、0.000、0.000).结论HD老年患者的PEW发生率较PD者低,临床应根据影响因素进行干预,预防PEW的发生.     

老年血液透析患者肌少症临床特点及危险因素分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨老年维持性血液透析患者肌少症的临床特点及相关危险因素。方法回顾性研究,分析在上海市第六人民医院进行血液透析的老年患者135例,年龄(70.6±7.7)岁,女性46例(34.1%),透析龄(3.2±2.9)年。通过测定握力、步行速度及电阻抗法评估四肢肌肉量,探讨其肌少症的发生情况,并通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析相关危险因素。结果135例老年血液透析患者肌少症患病率为62.9%(85例),其中重度肌少症占44.4%(60例)。与非肌少症患者比较,肌少症患者年龄更大,体质指数和握力更低,步行速度偏慢,四肢肌肉量少。高龄、低体质指数及长透析龄与老年透析患者肌少症高患病率相关,年龄每增加1岁肌少症患病比值比(OR)增加12%,体质指数每增加1.0 kg/m2患病OR值下降32%。高龄(OR=1.12,95%CI:1.05~1.18)、低体质指数(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.74~0.95)亦与重度肌少症高患病率相关(均P<0.01)。结论老年血液透析患者中肌少症患病率高,高龄和低体重与其高患病率相关。改善老年血液透析患者的营养状态、避免低体重有助于减少肌少症的发生和发展。     

多中心维持性血液透析患者干体重与蛋白质能量消耗关系的临床研究

目的明确贵州省多中心血透患者干体重设置情况与蛋白质能量消耗(PEW)相关指标的关系,为更准确地设置患者干体重提供依据。方法收集2018年5—8月贵州省11家维持性血液透析患者资料,问卷收集人口学特征资料;采用人体成分测量仪测量干体重、细胞外液、细胞内液、脂肪量、瘦体重等指标;采用卷尺及皮褶厚度测量仪等工具测量患者腰围、臀围、上臂中点周径、皮褶厚度、小腿围等指标。根据干体重设置情况分为3组。A组,干体重设置稍低组;B组,干体重设置正常组;C组,干体重设置稍高组。分析3组PEW患病情况,比较不同干体重设置组别间PEW相关指标是否存在差异,分析各测量指标及干体重控制情况与PEW患病程度的相关性及各因素对PEW的影响。结果干体重设置稍高组PEW重度患者发生率高于前两组(P0.05),PEW相关指标上臂中点周径、三头肌皮褶厚度、臀围、脂肪量、BMI、血红蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白等指标均低于前两组(P0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,各因素与PEW相关程度依次为BMI(r=-0.677,P0.05)、干体重(r=0.636,P0.05)、上臂中点周径(r=-0.589,P0.05)、白蛋白(r=-0.562,P0.05)、臀围(r=-0.475,P0.05)。影响PEW的因素有白蛋白(OR=0.883,95%CI:0.782～0.997,P0.05)、BMI(OR=0.671,95%CI:0.509～0.884,P0.05)、上臂中点周径(OR=0.457,95%CI:0.318～0.655,P0.05)、干体重(OR=1.191,95%CI:1.041～1.363,P0.05)。结论干体重设置过高,脱水量不足,透析不充分增加了维持性血液透析患者PEW的发生风险。     

代谢相关性脂肪性肝病患者发生明显肝纤维化的危险因素研究

目的分析经肝活检确诊的代谢相关性脂肪性肝病(metabolic associated fatty liver disease, MAFLD)患者发生明显肝纤维化的危险因素。方法回顾性分析193例经肝活检确诊的MAFLD患者发生明显肝纤维化的危险因素。结果与MAFLD伴无/轻微肝纤维化(F0~1)患者比较,MAFLD伴明显肝纤维化(F2~4)患者中女性比例更高、年龄更大、肥胖更多见、伴高血压病者更多(P均<0.05);与MAFLD伴无/轻微肝纤维化(F0~1)患者比较,MAFLD伴明显肝纤维化(F2~4)患者外周血中血红蛋白水平及血小板计数更低(P<0.05),血清中白蛋白及尿酸水平更低(P<0.05),而TBA及空腹血糖水平更高(P<0.05)。单因素回归分析发现,女性(OR=2.277, 95%CI:1.181~4.390)、高血压病(OR=3.305, 95%CI:1.606~6.801)、BMI(OR=1.083, 95%CI:1.006~1.167)、年龄(OR=1.030,95%CI:1.006~1.055)、血红蛋白(OR=0.978,95%CI:0.958~0.997)及血小板计数(OR=0.998,95%CI:0.989~1.000)是MAFLD患者发生明显肝纤维化的危险因素,而多因素回归分析发现,高血压病(OR=2.662,95%CI:1.092~6.489)、BMI(OR=1.163,95%CI:1.062~1.275)及血小板计数(OR=0.993,95%CI:0.987~0.999)是MAFLD患者发生明显肝纤维化的独立危险因素。结论高血压、BMI及血小板计数是肝活检确诊的MAFLD患者发生明显肝纤维化的独立危险因素。     

支架置入治疗颈动脉狭窄发生重度低血流动力学状态的危险因素分析

目的分析颈动脉支架置入术(CAS)治疗颈动脉狭窄后发生重度低血流动力学(HD)状态的危险因素。方法回顾性分析85例接受CAS手术的患者,其中男70例,女15例。按照是否发生重度HD(血压≤90/60 mm Hg或心率≤50次/min)状态分为重度HD组18例和非重度HD组67例,观察相关因素对重度HD的影响,并应用多因素Logistic回归分析确定重度HD的独立危险因素。结果多因素Logistic回归分析显示,颈动脉彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)高回声斑块(OR=6.219,95%CI:1.163~33.266;P=0.033)、最狭窄处距颈动脉分叉处距离1 cm(OR=8.360,95%CI:1.372~50.930;P=0.021)、基础收缩压120 mm Hg(OR=6.384,95%CI:1.217~33.486;P=0.028)、扩张球囊直径≥5 mm(OR=8.028,95%CI:1.462~44.091;P=0.017)为CAS术后发生重度HD状态的独立危险因素。结论 CDFI高回声斑块、最狭窄处距颈动脉分叉处距离1 cm、基础收缩压120 mm Hg、扩张球囊直径≥5 mm为CAS术后发生重度HD状态的独立危险因素。     

外周血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与透析患者冠状动脉钙化的关系

目的 通过透析患者资料分析该人群冠状动脉钙化(CAC)的危险因素,探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)对CAC的预测价值。方法 采用横断面调查方法,对163例透析患者(包括血液透析102例,腹膜透析61例)进行回顾性研究,根据多层螺旋CT评估结果,采用Agatston冠状动脉钙化积分(CACS)进行冠状动脉钙化程度的评估,将透析患者分成无钙化组59例(CACS 0～10分)和钙化组104例(CACS≥11分)。对两组患者的NLR、年龄、透析龄、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血钙、血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、白蛋白(Alb)、血红蛋白、血清肌酐等指标进行统计学比较。应用Spearman相关性分析得出与CAC相关的因素,二元Logistic回归分析CAC发生的危险因素,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线探讨NLR对CAC的预测价值。结果 163例透析患者中CAC总检出率为63.8%。钙化组NLR显著高于无钙化组(P＜0.001)。将钙化组分为轻度钙化组(CACS 11~400分)和重度钙化组(CACS＞400分),两亚组间NLR差异无统计学意义。Spearman相关性分析显示NLR与CAC显著相关(r＝0.403,P＜0.001)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄(OR=1.069,P＜0.001)、透析龄(OR=1.024,P＜0.001)、糖尿病(OR=15.871,P＝0.012)、NLR(OR=1.720,P＝0.001)是CAC的危险因素。ROC曲线分析结果显示,NLR与年龄的联合指标预测透析患者发生CAC时,曲线下面积为0.810(95%CI 0.739~0.880,P＜0.001),显著高于NLR(0.742,95%CI 0.666~0.818,P＜0.001)和年龄(0.754,95%CI 0.674~0.834,P＜0.001)单独分析时的曲线下面积。结论 高龄、透析龄和高水平NLR的透析患者发生CAC的风险较高,且NLR与年龄的联合指标对CAC的发生有着较好的预测价值。     

腹膜透析患者血清可溶性Klotho蛋白与腹主动脉钙化关联性的研究

目的:了解腹膜透析(PD)患者腹主动脉钙化情况,并分析该人群血清可溶性Klotho蛋白(s KL)水平与腹主动脉钙化的关联性。方法:选取持续不卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)3个月的患者80例,收集其临床资料,应用侧位腹平片评价腹主动脉钙化情况,并计算腹主动脉钙化积分(AAC),采用ELISA法检测血清s KL及成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)浓度。Logistic回归分析法分析PD患者发生腹主动脉钙化的危险因素,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价s KL预测腹主动脉钙化的准确性与特异性。结果:80例PD患者中,发生腹主动脉钙化患者41例(51.3%),钙化主要发生在第4腰椎节段,并随着节段的上升逐渐减少。血清s KL与AAC负相关,与FGF23无相关性。Logistic回归分析结果显示血清s KL浓度较低(OR=0.969,95%CI 0.947~0.991,P0.01)和高龄(OR=1.115,95%CI 1.044~1.191,P0.01)是PD患者发生腹主动脉中、重度钙化的独立危险因素。ROC曲线下面积(AUC)显示s KL预测腹主动脉中、重度钙化的AUC为0.800(截点为361.50 pg/m L,其准确性为71.4%,特异性为84.6%)。结论:PD患者血清s KL浓度降低与发生腹主动脉钙化显著相关,血清s KL浓度可能在腹主动脉钙化机制中起重要作用。     

胰十二指肠切除术后并发胃排空延迟的危险因素分析

目的 探讨PD后发生胃排空延迟(DGE)的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2017年11月间海军军医大学附属长海医院收治的385例行PD患者的临床资料,其中男性235例,女性150例。根据国际胰腺外科学组对DGE的定义,将患者分为临床相关胃排空延迟组(CR-DGE组)和非临床相关胃排空延迟组(非CR-DGE组)。采用单因素分析及logistic多因素回归分析法分析PD患者术后发生CR-DGE的危险因素。结果 385例患者中78例(20.3%)术后发生DGE,其中CR-DGE组35例(9.1%)。多因素回归分析结果显示,患者的体重指数(BMI,OR=1.117,95%CI 1.006~1.240,P=0.038)、术前血清白蛋白(OR=0.902,95%CI 0.832~0.977,P=0.012)、主胰管直径≤3 mm(OR=2.397,95%CI 1.016~5.653,P=0.046)、胰腺质软(OR=2.834,95%CI 1.093~7.350,P=0.032)以及术后发生临床相关胰瘘(OR=4.498,95%CI 1.768~11.441,P=0.002)是PD术后并发CR-DGE的独立危险因素。结论 较高的BMI、较低的术前血清白蛋白、主胰管直径≤3 mm、胰腺质软、术后发生胰瘘是PD患者术后发生CR-DGE的危险因素,早期应予以临床干预。     

早发性腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的危险因素及对策

目的：探讨腹膜透析（PD）患者早发性腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎（PDAP)的危险因素及其预防措施。方法:回顾性分析PD病例194例，追踪所有病例至PD置管术后3个月，比较早发性PDAP组与无早发性PDAP组的临床资料，采用单因素相关分析和多因素1ogistic回归方法分析早发性PDAP危险因素及可能的预防措施。结果：194例PD患者中，21例患者发生22例次早发性PDAP。早发PDAP与无早发PDAP组在糖尿病、便秘/腹泻、出口感染等发生率及血白蛋白水平、围手术期预防性抗生素应用等方面比较，差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05)。将以上单因素分析筛选的5个与早发PDAP关联的因素纳入多因素二元1ogistic回归分析，发现低蛋白血症[OR=0.845，95%CI（0.734，0.973），P=0.019]、出口感染 [OR=30.832，95%CI(3.208，296.345)，P=0.003]为早发性PDAP的独立危险因素。围手术期预防性抗感染治疗是早发性PDAP的独立保护性因素 [OR=19.943，95%CI(1.775，224.042)，P=0.015]。结论：低蛋白血症、出口感染是PD患者早发PDAP独立危险因素；预防性抗感染治疗、改善营养状况、加强PD管道出口护理可预防PD患者早发性PDAP发生，改善PD患者的远期预后。     

增龄与肾功能不全对老年人营养状况的影响

目的评价不同肾功能水平老年患者的营养状态及其影响因素。方法回顾性分析2016年9月至2017年2月在南京医科大学第一附属医院老年肾科住院的患者189例。依据微型营养评估简表(MNA-SF)评分结果分为3组:营养正常组(12~14分)、营养不良危险组(8~11分)和营养不良组(0~7分)。比较各组临床资料。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型分别采用t检验或X~2检验比较组间差异。营养不良发生的危险因素采用logistic回归分析。结果 189例患者中,营养不良组10例,占5.3%;营养不良风险组58例,占30.7%;营养正常组121例,占64.0%。与营养正常组相比,营养不良风险组和营养不良组患者的体质量指数(BMI)、白蛋白(ALB)、红细胞计数、血红蛋白(Hb)和淋巴细胞计数百分比均显著降低(P0.05),而营养不良组患者的中性细胞计数百分比显著增加(P0.05)。不同营养状况患者的年龄分布、肾功能及贫血状况差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素回归分析表明,高龄(OR=1.06,95%CI 1.00~1.12)、低估算肾小球滤过率(OR=0.97,95%CI 0.94~1.00)、低BMI(OR=0.76,95%CI0.65~0.87)、低ALB(OR=0.93,95%CI 0.86~0.99)和贫血(OR=2.46,95%CI 1.60~3.32)是患者发生营养不良及营养不良风险的危险因素。结论增龄与肾功能不全可能增加营养不良风险及营养不良的发生率,且营养不良也与患者的BMI、ALB水平及贫血严重程度相关。     

G6PD deficiency, absence of alpha-thalassemia, and hemolytic rate at baseline are significant independent risk factors for abnormally high cerebral velocities in patients with sickle cell anemia

Stroke is predicted by abnormally high cerebral velocities by transcranial doppler (TCD). This study aimed at defining predictive factors for abnormally high velocities (>/= 2 m/sec) based on the Créteil pediatric sickle cell anemia (SCA) cohort composed of 373 stroke-free SCA children. alpha genes and beta-globin haplotypes were determined. Biologic parameters were obtained at baseline. alpha-thalassemia was present in 155 of 325 and G6PD deficiency in 36 of 325 evaluated patients. TCD was abnormal in 62 of 373 patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that G6PD deficiency (odds ratio [OR] = 3.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-10.33; P = .034), absence of alpha-thalassemia (OR = 6.45, 95% CI 2.21-18.87; P = .001), hemoglobin (OR per g/dL = 0.63, 95% CI 0.41-0.97; P = .038), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (OR per IU/L = 1.001, 95% CI 1.000-1.002; P = .047) were independent risk factors for abnormally high velocities. This study confirms the protective effect of alpha-thalassemia and shows for the first time that G6PD deficiency and hemolysis independently increase the risk of cerebral vasculopathy.     

Prognostic Value of Predialysis Indices for Technique Failure and Mortality in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Technique failure remains a frequent cause of peritoneal dialysis (PD) withdrawal. Many post‐commencement predictors of PD technique failure have been identified, while predialysis predictors have remained unclear. The aim of this study was to identify predialysis indices for technique failure in PD patients. We recruited 206 consecutive PD patients who were treated at Nara Medical University Hospital between 1 April 1997 and 31 December 2012. Forty‐eight patients were excluded because of transition from hemodialysis (HD) or withdrawal from PD within 3 months, leaving 158 patients for analysis. Clinical characteristics and laboratory data from within 3 months preceding PD commencement were analyzed. The primary outcome was the composite of time to combined use of HD, transition to HD, and all‐cause mortality within 2 years after PD commencement. During the study period, the primary outcome was observed in 50 patients. Using multivariate analysis, greater age (odds ratios (ORs) [95%CI], 3.08 [1.72–5.61]), anemia (ORs [95%CI], 2.12 [1.08–4.43]), overweight/obesity (ORs [95%CI], 2.09 [1.16–3.72]), and hypocalcemia (ORs [95%CI], 1.86 [1.04–3.35]) were independently associated with technique failure. Adding corrected calcium to the model incorporating age, body mass index, and hemoglobin significantly increased the c‐statistic from 0.678 to 0.755 (P = 0.048) relative to the model incorporating age alone. The integrated discrimination improvement was 0.085 (95% CI 0.036–0.134, P < 0.001) and the continuous net reclassification improvement was 0.395 (95% CI 0.066–0.724, P = 0.02). In conclusion, the combination of predialysis indices comprising age, overweight/obesity, anemia, and corrected calcium could provide a significant predictive value for technique failure of PD.     

Delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A study of the national surgical quality improvement program

BackgroundDelayed gastric emptying (DGE) remains common after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Risk factors for DGE have been difficult to identify due to a lack of a standard definition. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with DGE using a standard definition across a national cohort of patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent PD from 2014 to 2016 within the ACS-NSQIP pancreatectomy-specific module was performed. Multivariable (MV) regression was used to determine perioperative risk factors for DGE.ResultsOf 10,249 patients undergoing PD, 16.6% developed DGE and were older (65.3 vs. 64.3 years), more often male (62.5% vs. 51.9%), overweight/obese (66.7% vs. 61.3%), and American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) class 3 (80.0% vs. 76.0%). Rates of pylorus preservation (41.4% vs. 38.7%) were higher, and median operative time (373 vs. 354 min) longer. On MV analysis, age≥65 years [OR 1.26 (95%CI 1.13–1.41)], male sex [OR 1.54 (95%CI 1.38–1.72), body mass index (BMI) > 30 [OR 1.22 (95%CI 1.06–1.40)], ASA class≥3 [OR 1.24 (95%CI 1.08–1.42)], pylorus preservation [OR 1.08 (95%CI 1.02–1.14)], and longer operative time [OR 1.26 (95%CI 1.13–1.40)] remained associated with DGE. Preoperative chemotherapy was associated with decreased risk of DGE [OR 0.77 (95%CI 0.64–0.93)].ConclusionIn this national, multicenter cohort of patients undergoing PD, 16.6% of patients developed DGE based on a standardized definition. Perioperative factors including age, BMI, ASA class, pylorus preservation, and operative time were associated with increased risk of DGE. Further research is warranted to identify opportunities for prevention via preoperative rehabilitation strategies and treatment.     

Ankle brachial pressure index usefulness as predictor factor for coronary heart disease in diabetic patients

Ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) is a non-invasive marker of atherosclerosis, helpful to identify subjects at high-risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) among large populations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The diagnostic role of ABPI has been also recognized in patients with diabetes. In the present study, the role of an ABPI score < 0.90 in predicting CHD has been evaluated in a large series of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and compared to other known CVD risk factors. Nine hundred and sixty-nine (mean age was 66.1 yr) consecutive patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus were evaluated. The patients were followed-up for 18.3+/-5.2 months (range 12- 24) and all events of CHD, defined as myocardial infarction, unstable and resting angina or coronary atherosclerosis at the instrumental investigation (at the coronary angiography and/or perfusion stress testing) were recorded. A rate of 17.5% of CHD events were recorded in diabetic population during the follow-up period. The relative risk of CHD was significantly increased for male patients [odds ratio (OR): 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-2.2], patients with age > or = 66 yr (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.5), body mass index (BMI) > 30 (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-2.1), waist circumference > 88 cm for females and 102 cm for males (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.1), proteinuria > or = 30 microg per min (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.3), LDL-cholesterol > or = 100 mg/dl (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.5-3.0), glycated hemoglobin > 7% (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.3), insulin therapy (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-2.9), and ABPI < 0.90 (OR: 3.7; 95% CI: 2.2- 6.2). BMI was higher in patients with ABPI < 0.90 than in those with ABPI > or = 0.90 (p<0.05). At the multivariate analysis, ABPI < 0.90 was the best factor independently associated with CHD (p<0.001). APBI < 0.90 is strongly associated to CHD in Type 2 diabetic patients. We recommend to use ABPI in diabetic patients and to carefully monitor diabetic subjects with an ABPI lower than 0.90.     

Hepatic steatosis in HIV-HCV coinfected patients: analysis of risk factors

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of steatosis and possible interactions between steatosis, host factors, viral factors, and treatment for HIV infection in HIV-hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfected patients. METHODS: Steatosis was assessed among 395 HIV-HCV coinfected patients who were enrolled in the ANRS trial HC02 Ribavic and for whom histological data were available. Steatosis was graded as follows: 0 (none); 1 (< 30% hepatocytes containing fat); 2 (30-70%); 3 (> 70%). RESULTS: Steatosis was present in 241 patients (61%), of whom 149 (38%) had grade 1, 64 (16%) grade 2 and 28 (7%) grade 3. In multivariate analysis, the following five independent risk factors were associated with steatosis: HCV genotype 3 [odds ratio (OR), 3.02; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.91-4.79; P < 0.0001], the mean METAVIR fibrosis score (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.11-1.84; P = 0.0053), the body mass index (BMI; OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05-1.21; P = 0.0013), HCV viral load (OR. 1.65; 95% CI, 1.22-2.23; P = 0.0012) and ferritin (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06-1.21; P < 0.0003). As HCV genotype 3 was a risk factor for steatosis, further exploratory analyses were stratified according to the HCV genotype (1 and 3). Factors independently associated with steatosis were BMI and HCV viral load in patients with HCV genotype 3 infection and the mean METAVIR fibrosis score, the BMI and ferritin in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. CONCLUSION: Steatosis is particularly frequent in HIV-HCV coinfected patients, who appear to have the same risk factors for steatosis as HCV monoinfected patients. None of the characteristics of HIV infection, including antiretroviral therapy, was independently associated with steatosis.