河南省城市初中学生吸烟饮酒及易成瘾药物使用情况

目的了解河南省城市初中学生吸烟、饮酒及易成瘾药物使用情况,为预防和控制初中生健康危险行为的发生提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样法,抽取河南省4个省辖市12所初中学校5158名学生进行调查。结果有26.3%的初中学生尝试过吸烟,60.5%的学生曾经喝过酒;与父母生活在一起的学生尝试吸烟率为25.7%,有继父或继母的孩子尝试吸烟率为34.4%,单亲家庭孩子尝试吸烟率为33.5%,尝试饮酒率为67.5%;0.5%的初中学生曾经使用过毒品;4.1%的初中学生在没有医生指导下曾经使用过安定等镇静催眠类药物。结论中学生吸烟、饮酒和成瘾类药物滥用情况应引起全社会的关注和重视。应根据不同性别、年龄特点,进行有针对性的健康教育。     

河南省青少年吸烟饮酒与易成瘾药物使用行为研究

目的了解河南省青少年吸烟、饮酒与易成瘾药物使用情况。方法采用分层整群抽样方法抽取河南省4个省辖市的8所大学、12所高中、12所初中的15104名11～24岁学生进行调查。结果14.4%的学生在调查前的1个月内吸过烟;11.1%的学生在调查前1个月内曾经在2h内至少喝过5杯酒;0.6%的学生曾经使用过毒品;6.1%的学生在没有医生指导下曾经使用过安定等镇静催眠类药物。结论青少年中发生吸烟、饮酒和成瘾类药物滥用的情况已不容忽视,针对青少年不同年龄、性别特点进行有针对性的健康教育是必要的。     

青少年学生吸烟饮酒及其他药物使用的现状调查

目的了解青少年学生吸烟饮酒及其他药物使用的现状，为预防吸烟饮酒对青少年身体的危害提供数据。方法以菏泽市6所学校的1699名青少年学生为研究对象，采用修订的青少年危险行为调查问卷。结果51．4％的学生吸过烟，14．2％的学生近期内吸烟，8．0％的学生经常吸烟，12．8％的学生尝试过戒烟，15．5％的学生在13岁前就吸过1整支烟。76．5％的学生喝过酒，36．7％的学生近期内喝酒，27．7％的学生喝醉，37．1％的学生在13岁前饮酒。6．5％的人未经医生许可私自服用镇静安眠类药物，6．2％的人对服用过的药物有依赖。在吸烟、饮酒及其他药物使用的得分上，大学生高于高中生，高中生高于初中生。男生明显高于女生，农村学生普遍高于城市学生（P〈0．01）。结论青少年学生吸烟饮酒及其他药物使用的情况较为普遍，学校应针对青少年学生不同年龄阶段的特点，开展有针对性的健康教育，以减少吸烟饮酒对其的危害。     

佛山市青少年吸烟饮酒和成瘾类药物滥用行为调查

目的了解佛山市青少年吸烟、饮酒和成瘾类药物滥用行为流行状况。方法分层整群随机抽样调查普通、重点、职业中学和大学共16所学校学生3844人,自填问卷。结果本次调查有23.5%的学生尝试吸烟,有12.7%的学生在13岁前就吸过1整支香烟,64.8%的学生尝试饮酒,13.3%的学生曾经醉酒,1.0%的学生使用过毒品,4.5%的学生使用过镇静催眠类药物。高年级、男性、住宿、学习成绩差的学生中吸烟、饮酒和成瘾类药滥用行为比较突出。结论青少年中发生吸烟、饮酒和成瘾类药物滥用情况不容忽视。根据青少年不同年级、性别、父母学历、住宿、家庭结构以及学习成绩的特点,进行有针对性的健康教育是十分必要的。应针对中学生和大学生相应特点进行心理健康教育,减少成瘾行为对青少年健康的危害。     

浙江省桐庐县青少年学生吸烟饮酒行为调查

目的了解浙江省桐庐县青少年学生吸烟饮酒行为现状。方法采用中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷对桐庐县5所全目制学校(含初中、高中和职业高中)1 092名在校学生进行匿名调查。结果尝试过吸烟、近期内吸烟、经常吸烟、13岁前就吸过1整支烟、每天吸烟的学生分别有332,64,15,94,25人,发生率分别为30.4%,5.9%,1.4%,8.6%,2.3%;曾经饮过酒、近期饮过酒、13岁前饮酒、重度饮酒、喝醉过的学生分别有676,275,309,78,115人,发生率分别为61.9%,25.2%,28.3%,7.1%,10.5%;在各项吸烟饮酒行为发生率中,除醉酒外,男生均高于女生;随着年龄的增长或年级的升高,青少年吸烟饮酒行为发生率呈上升趋势。结论桐庐县妻少年学生吸烟饮酒现象较普遍,应积极采取有效的干预措施,以减少吸烟饮酒对青少年身心健康的危害。     

广州市81547名司机吸烟饮酒情况调查

目的：了解司机吸烟、饮酒情况,为制定相应的预防措施服务。方法：横断面调查1992年已建立职业健康监护档案的35岁或以上司机的吸烟,饮酒习惯及一般人口特征指标,并进一步分析不同类型司机吸烟,饮酒模式。结果：本研究共调查司机81547名,其中男76896名,占94．3％,女4651名,占5．7％,均以较年轻,中学化程度和已婚为主;专业司机主要为客货车司机,非专业司机则以摩托车司机为主;司机的吸烟率,饮酒率分别为男54．8％,12．1％,女0．4％,0．1％,男司机吸率,饮酒率均专业司机高于非专业司机,驾驶车型以客货车司机为主,吸烟日吸烟量,烟龄和饮酒酒龄也有相同结果;20岁以前吸烟或饮酒所占比例也以专业的客货车司机为主。结论：广州司机的吸烟,饮酒情况均以专业客货车司机为主,尽早采取措施严禁在客车,公共汽车上吸烟和加强酒后驾车监管力度很有必要。     

上海市青少年危险行为现状研究(三)--吸烟、饮酒与易成瘾药物使用情况

目的：了解上海市青少年吸烟、饮酒和易成瘾类药物的使用情况。方法：2002年4—6月，抽取上海市19个区县个27所初级个学、26所高级个学、13所完个和39所个等职业学校一年级学生的调查。调查采用分层整群抽样，各区县在辖区内按学校类别分为初中、高中和中等职业学校三层，采用《2002上海市青少年危险行为监测调查表》进行问卷调查，共调查学生9308人，有效调查表为9246份(99.3％)。结果：本次调查有15．2％的学生曾经吸过香烟，4.7％的学生在13周岁就吸过一整支香烟，5．0％的学生目前吸烟，1．3％的学生经常吸，0,5％的学生在吸烟的日子里，吸烟量至少为10支，2．0％的学生曾经在30天内每天至少吸1支烟。45．7％的学生曾经喝过酒，17．8％的学生近期饮酒，5．2％的学生在1个月内曾经喝醉过。4．4％的学生承认曾经服用可引起依赖的药物，0.9％的学生承认对服用药物有依赖。用近期吸烟和近期饮酒这两个变量做相关分析得到这两个变量为正相关。结论：中学阶段是形成良好生活方式的最好时期，中等职业学校学生是控制危险行为的重点人群，学生的心理社会能力应进一步提高。     

张掖市城区青少年饮食和吸烟饮酒相关行为调查分析

青少年正处于生长发育的关键时期,形成良好的饮食和生活习惯将为他们的成年健康打好基础。随着生活水平的提高,人们对饮食营养和良好生活习惯的重视程度有了很大的提高,但青少年的膳食营养状况和生活习惯仍然存在许多不合理的地方。对青少年健康造成的危害是长期的。为了解张掖市青少年饮食和吸烟饮酒相关行为现状,我们对该市青少年进行了调查,现将结果报告如下。     

无聊倾向与青少年吸烟饮酒行为的交叉滞后分析

  目的  了解青少年无聊倾向与吸烟、饮酒行为的发展变化及相互关系,为后续研究及干预提供研究资料。  方法  采用单维短式无聊倾向量表、吸烟和饮酒行为量表,对方便抽取的内蒙古自治区1所高中和1所大学的416名学生进行间隔12个月的两阶段追踪调查。  结果  无聊倾向与吸烟、饮酒行为在两阶段的测量中均呈正相关(第1次测量r值分别为0.30,0.34;第2次测量r值分别为0.24,0.45,P值均＜0.01);无聊倾向和吸烟、饮酒行为的自回归路径系数均有统计学意义(β值分别为0.53,0.61,0.45,P值均＜0.01);无聊倾向能够预测12个月后的吸烟行为(β=0.12,P＜0.01),而吸烟行为不能预测12个月后的无聊倾向(β=0.03,P＞0.05);无聊倾向能够预测12个月后的饮酒行为(β=0.21,P＜0.01),且饮酒行为能够预测12个月后的无聊倾向(β=0.09,P＜0.05)。  结论  青少年无聊倾向与吸烟、饮酒行为关系密切,无聊倾向能正向预测吸烟和饮酒行为,且饮酒行为能正向预测无聊倾向。     

福建省大中学生吸烟、饮酒与易成瘾药物使用现况分析

【目的】了解福建省大、中学生吸烟、饮酒和易成瘾药物滥用的流行状况,为制定有针对性的干预措施提供依据。【方法】采用自填匿名问卷集体调查方法,对福建省32所中学、中等职业学校和大学的10 235名学生进行调查。【结果】本次调查有22.2%的学生尝试过吸烟,9.7%学生现在吸烟,2.0%的学生经常吸烟,0.6%的学生严重吸烟,12.7%的学生13岁以前开始吸烟;68.8%的学生尝试过饮酒,24.9%的学生现在饮酒,10.9%重度饮酒,有13.8%的学生一年内至少喝醉过1次,21.5%的学生13岁以前开始饮酒;0.8%的学生尝试过吸毒,7.4%的学生未在医生指导下使用镇静催眠类药物。男生、中等职业学校、大学学生以及学习成绩差的学生吸烟、饮酒行为发生率较高。【结论】大中学生中发生吸烟、饮酒和易成瘾药物滥用的情况不容忽视,针对这些危险行为发生的不同特点,开展健康教育工作是必要的。     

青海高原地区学生吸烟饮酒赌博成瘾行为调查

目的了解青海省学生吸烟、饮酒及赌博现状,为相应干预措施的制定提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样法,抽取青海省6个地区16 484名学生进行问卷现状调查。结果青海省学生吸烟和饮酒率分别为14.36%和36.41%。初中生、高中生、大学生的吸烟及饮酒率依次递增,且差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。男生吸烟率及饮酒率分别为14.55%和46.73%,女生吸烟率及饮酒率分别为13.38%和26.30%,男、女生间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。男、女生参与赌博率分别为21.84%和9.22%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。学生首次吸烟、饮酒呈低龄趋势。结论青海省学生吸烟率、饮酒率及参赌率增高状况不容忽视。应采取综合干预措施,减少对学生健康的危害。     

广州市青少年精神成瘾行为分析

目的 了解广州市青少年电子游戏、网络成瘾及赌博等精神成瘾行为现况,为制定干预措施提供科学依据.方法 采用“中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷”对广州市66所学校11939名学生进行问卷调查.结果 青少年每天玩电子游戏≥4 h的比例为13.61％,男生(18.63％)远高于女生(9.30％),农村(14.56％)略高于城市(13.11％),职中生比例最高(25.65％),差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).青少年网络成瘾率为8.25％,男生(10.88％)明显高于女生(5.99％),职中生最高(10.25％),差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).青少年参加类似赌博的娱乐性活动的发生率为25.87％,男生(33.58％)高于女生(19.24％),城市(23.09％)低于农村(31.13％),职中生的发生率最高(38.63％),普通中学(24.26％)高于重点中学(20.84％),差异均有统计学意义.青少年上网的目的主要是:在线音乐、影视等的收听和收看(52.00％)、即时通讯(QQ,MSN等)(48.93％)、查阅资料(42.65％).结论 广州市青少年长时间玩电子游戏、上网及赌博等精神成瘾行为发生率较高,应通过学校、家庭及社会途径开展针对性干预.     

The relative influence of smoking on drinking and drinking on smoking among high school students in a rural tobacco-growing county

Purpose: To construct and estimate a model that contains a reciprocal relationship between smoking and drinking and to test whether the gateway drug thesis or the cumulative risk behaviors thesis best fits the data.

Methods: Data (n = 630) are from a survey of all students (50% female; aged 16.2 years on average; 2.4 grade point average; and 57% residing in homes with both mother and father present) in a rural, tobacco-growing county’s two high schools, one public (85%) and one private, in 1993. The survey was conducted by the schools as part of their alcohol and other drugs (AOD) prevention programs and was coordinated by the county AOD Council. Students completed the questionnaires in their homerooms. Endogenous predictors of drinking and smoking include student’s perception of adult drug behavior, peer pressure to drink, degree to which their friends’ drink, and attitudes toward drinking and smoking. Path coefficients were estimated by using LISREL.

Results: The strong correlation between smoking and drinking resulted from shared causes, rather than from the effects of one type of drug use on the other. Approval of drinking had the strongest association with being a drinker (β = .57) and with being a smoker (β = .37). Those who found smoking offensive were less likely to be a smoker (β = −.25). However, attitude toward smoking was not associated with being a drinker. Having drinking friends increased both the likelihood of being a drinker (β = .29) and of being a smoker (β = .23). Peer pressure to drink increased the likelihood of being a smoker (β = .14) and of being a drinker (β = .12). Students with lower grade point averages, males, older students, students in public school, and students with family structures other than both parents living in the same household were more likely to be a drinker and were more likely to be a smoker.

Conclusions: Our results support the cumulative risk behaviors thesis. The link between both high-risk behaviors, smoking and drinking, results from common causes rather than from drinking leading to smoking.     

枣庄市居民吸烟、饮酒状况分析

目的　分析枣庄市居民吸烟、饮酒状况 ,为进一步采取干预措施提供依据。方法　于2 0 0 3年 8～ 10月采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取枣庄市城区 2个街道办事处 6个居委会和农村 2个区 (市 ) 6个乡镇 18个行政村 18岁以上居民 ,用统一调查表进行问卷式入户调查。结果　共调查375 6人 ,其中城镇居民 14 16人 ,农村居民 2 340人 ;男性 1877人 ,女性 1879人。总吸烟率为 30 6 % ,饮酒率为 17 3% ;吸烟、饮酒率与地区、性别、年龄、职业、文化程度和婚姻状况等相关 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ,城镇吸烟率低于农村 ,而饮酒率则高于农村 ,男性吸烟、饮酒率均高于女性。职业特征显示干部吸烟、饮酒率最高 ;高收入者饮酒率高于其他人群 (P <0 0 1) ,吸烟率则未见和经济收入相关 ;烟龄和日吸烟量、酒龄和日饮酒量间均呈相关关系 (均R =0 872 ,P <0 0 1) ,吸烟与饮酒间也呈相关关系(R =0 5 2 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　枣庄市居民吸烟、饮酒现象比较普遍 ,今后应加强对社区居民的健康教育 ,控制烟酒量。     

Environmental stressors, low well-being, smoking, and alcohol use among South African adolescents

This is the first study to examine the pathways from environmental stressors to substance use among a sample of South African adolescents (N = 2195). The study objective was to assess how environmental stressors might affect cigarette smoking and alcohol use among South African adolescents, and to focus on one mechanism, low well-being, which might mediate this association. Participants consisted of 2195 Black, mixed ancestry ("Colored"), Indian, and White youth, aged 12-17 years old (mean age = 14.6; SD = 1.8), recruited via a multi-stage stratified sampling procedure in Durban, Cape Town, and Johannesburg, South Africa. Data were collected via individual in-person structured interviews, administered by trained interviewers in the participant's preferred language. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the interrelationships of environmental stressors (violent victimisation, legal and illegal drug availability) and low well-being (depressive symptoms, low self-esteem, health problems) with respect to adolescent cigarette smoking and alcohol use. The results supported our hypotheses: Environmental stressors were related to low well-being which, in turn, was linked to both adolescent smoking and alcohol use. There were also direct pathways from environmental stressors to both adolescent smoking and alcohol use. Smoking and alcohol use were significantly correlated. The findings suggest that environmental stressors may be associated with diminished psychological and physical well-being, as well as smoking and alcohol use, among South African adolescents. Longitudinal research is warranted to further understand the interrelationship of environmental stressors, low well-being, and adolescent substance use, so that these issues may be addressed by South African programmes and policies.     

上海市大学生使用烟草和酒精等成瘾物质状况

目的 了解上海市大学生使用烟草、酒精等成瘾物质的现状。方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取7所大学1765名学生，用中国疾病预防控制中心提供的《中国城市青少年健康危险行为监测问卷（大学）》进行无记名调查。结果 不同年级和性别学生使用烟草、酒精的差异有显著意义，目前吸烟与目前饮酒二变量呈正相‰logistic多因素分层分析显示，父亲高学历是保护因素，男性和高年级相对女性和低年级及赌博是危险因素。结论 上海市大学生使用烟草、酒精等成瘾物质报告率高于本地中学生，但低于其他国内外的有关报道。应把开展以学校为基础的生活技能训练作为主要预防干预措施。     

Ethnic and gender differences in drinking and smoking among London adolescents

Objectives. The study examines stages of drinking and smoking careers and transitions from initiation to regular use among adolescents, as a function of ethnic status and gender. Design. The data were collected using a confidential, self-completion questionnaire assessing onset and frequency of drinking and smoking. The sample consisted of 1777 adolescents, between the ages of 11 and 14, drawn from eight secondary schools in south-west London. Results. For both smoking and drinking, white children were more likely to have ever smoked tobacco and drunk alcohol, and were also more likely to progress from initiation to regular use than were either black or Asian children. Asian children reported the latest onset and the lowest prevalence rates for both drinking and smoking. Males reported experimenting with both cigarettes and alcohol at an earlier age than females, although a lower proportion of males report regular and lifetime involvement with both alcohol and tobacco. Furthermore, a significantly higher proportion of females who try smoking go on to do so regularly. Discussion. The importance of sociocultural factors in relation to race and gender in predicting onset and escalation of substance use is discussed. The fact that age of onset does not appear to be a significant determinant of transition rate from initiation to regular use is also explored.