弯曲根管的根管预备

目的 总结一套利用手用器械对弯曲根管进行根管预备的方法。方法 在逐步后退法基础上，应用抗弯曲法(anti-curvature)进行根管预备。结果 对不同年龄、不同狭窄程度的52例磨牙近中、近中颊侧的弯曲根管的预备，经充填后的X线片观察，均未见根管明显拉直现象。结论 抗弯曲法对磨牙近中、近中颊侧弯曲根管的根管预备效果满意。     

The effect on radiochemical purity of modifications to the method of preparation and dilution of 99mTc-sestamibi

BACKGROUND: 99mTc-sestamibi is a useful radiopharmaceutical for myocardial perfusion imaging, parathyroid imaging and breast tumour imaging. However, the preparation is time consuming and the limit of 3 ml on the volume of liquid that can be added to the Cardiolite kit vial means that it is often difficult to draw up small doses for patient studies. AIM: To modify the method of preparation of 99mTc-sestamibi in order to reduce the preparation time and to give a preparation which is more convenient for withdrawing patient doses. METHOD: A modified kit was prepared by reconstituting a Cardiolite kit vial with 3 ml Sodium Chloride Injection (0.9%) BP, sub-dividing it into two separate nitrogen-filled vials before adding sodium pertechnetate and boiling for radiolabelling. 99mTc-sestamibi was also prepared according to the manufacturer's recommended method and diluted with sodium chloride injection after preparation. Radiochemical purity was assessed by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: 99mTc-sestamibi prepared according to the manufacturer's recommended method had high radiochemical purity (96.9%+/-1.1%) and retained >90% radiochemical purity over 8 h following dilution. However, 99mTc-sestamibi prepared by the modified method gave variable and inconsistent results. CONCLUSION: The modified method of preparation was not robust enough to give reproducibly high radiochemical purity. However, dilution of 99mTc-sestamibi prepared according to the manufacturer's recommended method was satisfactory. This study highlights problems with the analysis of 99mTc-sestamibi and the limitations of modifying the method of preparation.     

Is the barium enema preparation a good preparation for echography?

A comparative study of 50 patients without previous preparation and 50 who were prepared by a barium enema and low residue diet demonstrated that this method of preparing for ultrasonography improved visibility of the pancreas and the overall quality of the examination. However, the difference in patients with or without previous preparation was not sufficient to justify its routine use.     

制备适合原子力显微镜观察甲状腺细胞标本方法的探讨

 目的 寻找适合原子力显微镜(atomic force microscopy,AFM)观察甲状腺活体组织细胞标本的最佳制备方法.方法 选用压片组织细胞法、细胞印片法和酶消化离心涂片法制备适合于AFM观察的活体甲状腺组织细胞样品,对比观察三种方法制备的细胞样品在光学显微镜和AFM下的细胞分散度和图像清晰度,从而找出适合AFM观察甲状腺活体组织细胞样品的最佳制备方法.结果 细胞印片法制备的甲状腺细胞样品在AFM对其进行扫描时,很容易找到单个细胞,杂质较少、干扰较小,且细胞表面形貌成像清晰,其他两种方法制备效果不理想.结论 细胞印片法是最适合AFM观察甲状腺活体组织细胞样品的制备方法;利用AFM扫描活体甲状腺组织细胞的纳米级结构是确实可行的,为进一步利用AFM研究正常甲状腺细胞和肿瘤性甲状腺细胞提供了可能.     

Homogeneous preparation encoding (HoPE) in multislice imaging.

Fast magnetization preparation techniques acquire a series of echoes after a single magnetization preparation. If these echoes are acquired from different slices using a multislice technique the change in the preparation state of the echoes due to relaxation effects leads to different contrast modification for each slice. Encoding different preparation states along the phase-encoding direction of each slice instead of acquiring each slice in a different preparation state is introduced as a general concept to obtain images of identical contrast and point-spread function. This can be realized either by cycling the slice excitation order several times over the total number of repetitions or by moving the point of time at which the preparation is applied within each repetition. One possible application of this method is chemical shift selective fat saturation imaging. A homogeneous fat suppression across a multislice volume could be achieved using a FLASH sequence at a repetition time of TR = 145 ms, including a single fat saturation preparation. Conventional fat saturated spin-echo imaging at any TR can be accelerated significantly by reducing the number of applied preparations per repetition. A further application of the homogeneous preparation encoding (HoPE) method is described that encodes the spatial self-saturation of the multislice excitation order homogeneously in all slices. Only a reduced number of slices of the total volume are excited in each repetition and the slice excitation order is continuously moved along the imaging volume. This method is applied for time of flight (TOF) imaging. Using a TONE-like series of flip angles for the slice excitations of each repetition homogeneous TOF images can be obtained on the basis of a multislice acquisition.     

A rapid preparation method for 39Cl-labelled alkyl chlorides

A rapid preparation methods for short-lived, no-carrier-added and/or carrier-added [³⁹Cl]alkyl chlorides has been studied. The method involves (1) preparation of no-carrier-added [³⁹Cl]silver chloride on surface-oxidized silver wool as a chlorinating agent for ³⁹Cl-labelling and (2) preparation of [³⁹Cl]alkyl chlorides by connecting the above source to a radio-gas chromatograph as a precolumn. In order to examine the usefulness of the present method, preparations of 12 no-carrier-added and/or 7 carrier-added [³⁹Cl]alkyl chlorides were tried using the corresponding halo-organics as reactants. Although preparation and purification of the labelled product in each case were sufficiently rapid and simple to allow production of the desired compounds, the no-carrier-added products for practical use could be prepared only when alkyl iodides were used as reactants.     

Comparison of Golytely lavage with standard diet/cathartic preparation for double-contrast barium enema

In a two-part study, two groups of 100 outpatients each were randomly assigned a colon preparation. In part 1, a standard 1-day diet/cathartic combination was compared with Golytely. In part 2, diet/cathartics was compared with Golytely plus Dulcolax (bisacodyl). The standard preparation provided good or excellent feces removal in 81 (80%) of 101 subjects. Golytely alone was successful in only 21 (53%) of 40 patients, but Golytely followed by Dulcolax achieved good or excellent feces removal in 31 (82%) of 38. Degraded mucosal coating with Golytely alone, due to excessive fluid retention, was also corrected by the addition of Dulcolax. Golytely alone is not an adequate method of colon cleansing for double-contrast barium enema, but Golytely plus Dulcolax is as effective as the standard preparation.     

Lymphotropic administration of photosensitizer as a model of target therapy of testicle inflammation: Experimental and clinical data

BackgroundThe existence of zones of humoral skin–subskin tissue linkage with internal organs as well as the possibility of targeted administration of preparation into the affected organs were studied.MethodsAn experimental study of preparation and distribution in the bodies of mice was held by both intravenous and lymphotropic methods of administration. By means of detection with a photosensitizer (as a marker), the study was conducted on healthy mice and mice with testicle inflammation.Based on the experimental results, the study has been implemented into the clinical practice of treatment of acute inflammatory diseases of testicle and its epididymis. Patients were administered antibiotics either by the lymphotropic method, or by traditional methods.ResultsThe concentration of the preparation, administered by the lymphotropic method, maintained in target organs (testicles) at a high level for a longer time, while the intravenous injections provided fast achievement of high concentrations. Moreover there was a lower level of accumulation of the photosensitizer in parenchymal organs after subcutaneous (lymphotropic) administration.ConclusionsThe presence of humoral connection of certain areas of skin and subcutaneous tissue with testicles and their epididymis was proved. It was found that the lymphotropic administration leads to earlier clinical improvement and normalization of laboratory indices, and, thus, to significant reduction in hospital stay. Such results open the possibility of targeted drug delivery to the diseased organs. In perspective, the method may be used in treating patients not only in urology, but also in surgery, as well as for many acute, chronic or cancer diseases.     

不同制备方法对牙釉质样品ESR信号的影响

目的研究不同制备方法对牙釉质样品ESR信号的影响，有效地提高牙釉质样品ESR剂量学的灵敏度。方法对无放射线照射史成年人臼齿分别用化学、机械以及机械加化学方法进行处理，制备牙釉质样品。利用电子自旋共振仪测定不同制备方法处理的样品在^60Coγ射线照射不同剂量后的ESR信号。比较分析其灵敏度，从而寻求一种对牙釉质样品ESR信号影响较小的样品制备及处理方法。结果不同方法处理的牙釉质样品的ESR信号，对^60Coγ射线的响应有较明显的差异。结论利用牙釉质ESR剂量学重建受照人员剂量时，尤其是使用附加照射法进行较低剂量重建时，选择合适的样品制备方法是十分重要的。     

制片工艺对芦丁缓释骨架片释药机制影响研究

目的：考察制片工艺对芦丁缓释骨架片释药机制的影响情况。方法：以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为骨架材料制备缓释骨架片，利用Peppas经验式释放指数n值，评价制片工艺对芦丁缓释骨架片体外释药机制的影响。结果：干法制片的释药比湿法快。结论：干法制片与湿法制片有相同的释药机制。     

New preparation method for barium enema: efficacy and administration of oral intestinal lavage solution with gastrointestinal prokinetic agent

The modified Brown's method is commonly used in Japan as preparation for barium enema; however, in a few cases, its cleansing effect is not satisfactory even with the use of adequate diet. To develop a new method of preparation for barium enema, we examined the use of an oral intestinal lavage solution (PEG-ELS) with mosapride and compared it with the modified Brown's method. We administered mosapride and PEG-ELS by four different methods. These methods were assessed by the amount of remaining feces and the adequacy of barium coating. Methods in which mosapride was taken separately before and after the intake of PEG-ELS were more effective than the method using mosapride and the modified Brown's method. Lesion detection was almost the same as that with the modified Brown's method. In conclusion, preparation for barium enema using mosapride before and after PEG-ELS intake is more effective than the modified Brown's method.     

Intestinal preparation with an osmotic solution for edema with double contrast media

PURPOSE: To evaluate the most effective way of cleansing the colon lumen for double contrast colon enema with a single preparation at osmotic effect. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 80 patients (age range: 29-84 years) and divided them into two groups. Group 1: patients (no. 41) were prepared with the traditional method consisting of a residue-free diet in the three days before the examination followed by the administration of a sennoside-based laxative the morning of the day before and a dose of magnesium sulphate in the afternoon, after the Genoa School method. Group 2: patients (no. 39) were prepared with a Phospholax solution according to the following administration schedule: one dose in the evening two days before the examination and four doses the day before, that is two in the afternoon and two in the evening, followed by abundant hydratation. The examination was performed in a double blind fashion and graded as follows: excellent, good, sufficient, poor. The statistical analysis of all data was performed with Student's t-test and the chi-square test. RESULTS: We obtained better results with the new protocol than with the traditional one, where some patients discontinued the preparation because of intolerance (nausea, abdominal pain and swelling). In addition, more fecal residues were found in the colon with the first preparation, which however provided better contrast agent coating than the new protocol. The second preparation provided better mucosal cleansing, with more cases graded as excellent-good, and there were no cases of poor coating or electrolyte disturbances. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal preparation with Phospholax was better than the conventional method relative to compliance, intestinal cleansing and side-effects (in both the latter two cases, the difference is statistically significant, p < 0.01). In conclusion the new protocol is a possible alternative to the traditional method thanks to its ease of preparation and effective results.     

An enzyme-based DNA preparation method for application to forensic biological samples and degraded stains

Extraction of DNA from forensic samples typically uses either an organic extraction protocol or solid phase extraction (SPE) and these methods generally involve numerous sample transfer, wash and centrifugation steps. Although SPE has been successfully adapted to the microdevice, it can be problematic because of lengthy load times and uneven packing of the solid phase. A closed-tube enzyme-based DNA preparation method has recently been developed which uses a neutral proteinase to lyse cells and degrade proteins and nucleases [14]. Following a 20 min incubation of the buccal or whole blood sample with this proteinase, DNA is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-ready. This paper describes the optimization and quantitation of DNA yield using this method, and application to forensic biological samples, including UV- and heat-degraded whole blood samples on cotton or blue denim substrates. Results demonstrate that DNA yield can be increased from 1.42 (±0.21)ng/μL to 7.78 (±1.40)ng/μL by increasing the quantity of enzyme per reaction by 3-fold. Additionally, there is a linear relationship between the amount of starting cellular material added and the concentration of DNA in the solution, thereby allowing DNA yield estimations to be made. In addition, short tandem repeat (STR) profile results obtained using DNA prepared with the enzyme method were comparable to those obtained with a conventional SPE method, resulting in full STR profiles (16 of 16 loci) from liquid samples (buccal swab eluate and whole blood), dried buccal swabs and bloodstains and partial profiles from UV or heat-degraded bloodstains on cotton or blue denim substrates. Finally, the DNA preparation method is shown to be adaptable to glass or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microdevices with little impact on STR peak height but providing a 20-fold reduction in incubation time (as little as 60 s), leading to a ≥1 h reduction in DNA preparation time.     

Double-contrast colonic radiography. Comparative, randomized study of 4 colon preparations

Since diagnostic value of double contrast colon imaging is dependent on the colon preparation used, tolerance and efficacy of 4 colon preparations were evaluated by a simple-blind, comparative, randomized study in 185 outpatients. Colon preparation involves variable combinations of 3 means: residue-free diet, laxatives and wash-out enemas. Principal criteria were evaluated under blind conditions by the same investigator during all examinations, with quantitative rating by segment (left, transverse and right colon) of adherence and colon cleanliness, and global assessment of quality of preparation. The 4 groups were comparable: mean age 44.7 years, sex ratio (male/female) 51.3%. Tolerance and compliance were elevated without significant inter-group differences. The colon preparations studied did not allow a homogeneous preparation to be obtained throughout the colon, efficacy in left colon being superior to right colon, whatever the method used. Analysis of cleanliness and adherence by segment failed to show significant differences between procedures, probably related to weak differences in their effectiveness and the strict nature of the study. The use of a global criterion tended to show value of wash-out enemas as a routine procedure, whether in outpatients or in the Radiology department.     

Experimental study of the rat for the assessment of barium coating on the gastric mucosa: efficacy of ranitidine and acetylcysteine administration

PURPOSE: In order to improve the preparation method for barium examination of the stomach by ranitidine and acetylcysteine use, the effect on the rat gastric mucosa caused by the administration of ranitidine and acetylcysteine was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rat stomach that had been treated with ranitidine or acetylcysteine at different intervals and examined in vivo was excised and coated with a barium suspension. A radiograph was subsequently taken and evaluated in regard to the removal of gastric mucus and imaging of the areae gastricae (AG). The removal of mucus was assessed by six blind observers. The imaging of AG was estimated as a percentage of the imaged AG area per total gastric corpus. RESULTS: No change was seen on the radiograph with ranitidine preparation, while the mucus was distinctly removed and AG well-imaged in the group studied 15 minutes after the peroral administration of acetylcysteine. CONCLUSION: Proper preparation for barium study of the stomach should involve treatment with a mucolytic agent about 15 minutes before the examination. H2-blockers must be used supplementally in the short term.     

A kit formulation for preparation of iodine-123-IBZM: a new CNS D-2 dopamine receptor imaging agent.

A method for the preparation of iodine-123IBZM, a central nervous system D-2 imaging agent, is reported. By using a rapid filtration technique to remove the unreacted iodide, the preparation can be completed in less than 20 min (overall yield greater than 60%). The product, with high purity (greater than or equal to 95%) and specific activity, is suitable for human use.     

Comparison of a new colon lavage solution (Golytely-RSS) with a standard preparation for air-contrast barium enema

Golytely is a balanced electrolyte solution for per oral whole-gut lavage. It has been an accepted alternative to standard preparations for barium enema. Golytely-RSS is a new formulation designed to taste better through reduction in sodium and sulfate content. In addition, a slight increase in osmolality is intended to decrease further the net absorption/secretion ratio. One hundred outpatients who were to undergo air-contrast barium enema examinations were randomly assigned one of two colon-cleansing preparations. A standard 1-day diet/cathartic method was compared with Golytely-RSS plus oral bisacodyl. Radiographs were evaluated for the amount of fecal material present and the degree of mucosal coating by two radiologists independently of each other and without knowledge of the preparation used. Good to excellent feces removal was provided by Golytely-RSS in 98% of patients and by the standard method in 95% (p greater than .1, not significant). Mucosal coating also was similar between groups. Unpleasant side effects were reported significantly more often in the lavage group. Unwillingness to use the preparation a second time was reported in 36% of the Golytely-RSS group and in 8% of the standard preparation group (p = .03). Golytely-RSS is an acceptable alternative method to standard colon-cleansing methods for air-contrast barium enema and may be preferable in patients with certain renal or cardiovascular diseases. Side effects may preclude the use of this colon-cleansing regimen routinely.     

Innovative procedure for the determination of gross-alpha/gross-beta activities in drinking water.

An alternative sample preparation method for the determination of gross-alpha/beta activity concentrations in drinking water is introduced in this paper. After the freeze-drying of tap water samples, determination by liquid scintillation counting can be applied utilizing alpha/beta separation. It has been shown that there is no adsorption or loss of solid radionuclides during the freeze-drying procedure. However, the samples have to be measured quickly after the preparation since the ingrowth of daughter isotopes negatively effects the measurement. The limits of detection for gross-alpha and gross-beta activity are in the range 25-210 mBq/l, respectively, for a measurement time of only 8-9 h.     

盐酸小檗碱片含量测定中样品溶液制备方法的考察与建议

目的建立简便易行的盐酸小檗碱片含量测定样品溶液制备方法。方法用《中国药典》2005年版二部规定的方法和两种改进方法进行对比分析,考察改进方法的可行性。结果经对3种方法的对比试验,样品含量测定获得满意结果。结论两种改进方法可靠。可用于盐酸小檗碱片样品溶液的制备。     

Rapid radioiodination of rose bengal at room temperature

Published methods for radioiodination of rose bengal require reaction times of 1 hr or more at temperature from 50 to 120 degrees C. Through the use of an acidified ethanol solvent and potassium iodate oxidant, purified rose bengal is radioiodinated at room temperature within 15 min with chemical yields ranging between 93 and 97%. Radiochemical impurities are sufficiently minimized to permit preparation in a single 10-ml serum vial, requiring no additional purification steps. The method reported here is readily adaptable to cold-kit preparation.