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1.
Ravi Alvala Mallika Alvala Venkatesh Sama Sriram Dharmarajan Jeankumar Variam Ullas Madhava Reddy B 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The bark of Tecomella undulata is traditionally claimed in the treatment of various disease ailments including obesity and cancer. Till now there are no studies about anti-obesity activity of Tecomella undulata bark.Aim of the study
The present study was aimed to establish a scientific evidence for anti-obesity efficiency of ethyl acetate extract of Tecomella undulata bark (EATUB). Further to standardize the active fractions of EATUB using different biomarkers.Materials and methods
We investigated activity of EATUB fractions (F1–F7) using 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Further, F1-mediated effects were characterized by determining mRNA and protein levels of SIRT1, one of the key targets for the treatment of obesity, using semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sqRT-PCR) and western blot analysis. The consequences of modulation of SIRT1 on mRNA and protein levels of various adipogenesis mediators like PPARγ, C/EBPα, E2F1, leptin, adiponectin and LPL were also studied. In vivo studies were performed using High Fat Diet (HFD) obese mice.Results
Our data showed that compared to controls, preadipocytes and adipocytes incubated with F1 exhibited a significant decrease in adipogenesis and lipogenesis. In addition, sqRT-PCR and western blot analysis showed significant increase in SIRT1 and adiponectin levels and decrease in PPARγ, C/EBPα, E2F1, leptin and LPL levels in preadipocytes and adipocytes. In vivo studies of F1 in HFD induced obese mice showed significant improvement in lipid profile and glucose levels. The bioactive fraction (F1) was determined to possess 4.95% of ferulic acid.Conclusion
Thus, our findings signified the beneficial effects of Tecomella undulata bark in pharmacologic interventions related to obesity and metabolic disorders. Ferulic acid and rutin are being reported and quantified for the first time from the bark of Tecomella undulata. 相似文献2.
Mahendra Jain Rakhee Kapadia Ravirajsinh N. Jadeja Menaka C. Thounaojam Ranjitsinh V. Devkar S.H. Mishra 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2012
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Tecomella undulata (TU;` Family Bignoniaceae) is used in Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine for treating various diseases including hepatic ailments. It is also incorporated in various marketed hepatoprotective polyherbal formulations.Aim
The present study was aimed at evaluating possible hepatoprotective role of isolated compounds from TU stem bark (TSB) using in vitro and in vivo experimental models.Methods
In vitro cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective potential of various extract, fractions and isolated compounds from TU stem bark were evaluated using HepG2 cells. Rats were pre-treated with TU methanolic extract (TSB-7) or betulinic acid (MS-2) or silymarin for 7 days followed by a single dose of CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg, i.p.). Plasma markers of hepatic damage, hepatic antioxidants and indices of lipid peroxidation along with microscopic evaluation of liver were assessed in control and treatment groups.Results
TSB-2 and MS-1 accounted for significant cell death whereas; TSB-1, TBS-7, TSB-9, TSB-10 and, MS-2 did not register significant cytotoxicity. Further, non-cytotoxic components exhibited ascending grade of hepatoprotection in vitro (TSB-10<TSB-1<TSB-7<TSB-9<MS-2). Pre-treatment of TSB-7 or MS-2 to CCl4 treated rats prevented hepatocyte damage as evidenced by biochemical and histopathological observations.Conclusion
It can be concluded that, hepatoprotective potential of Tecomella undulata stem bark is partially due to the presence of betulinic acid. 相似文献3.
Ravi A Mallika A Sama V Begum AS Khan RS Reddy BM 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,137(3):1353-1359
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The bark of Tecomella undulata is primarily used in the treatment of syphilis, painful swellings and cancer by traditional healers. Also, it is claimed to be useful in treating urinary discharges, enlargement of spleen, leucorrhoea, leukoderma, tumors, liver disorders, gonorrhea, gout and promotes wound healing in Indian traditional system of medicine.Aim
To establish a scientific validation for the antitumor effects of Tecomella undulata bark and explore the mechanistic pathway in chronic myeloid leukemia cell line, K562. The study was further extended to standardize the extract using quercetin as biomarker.Methods
Induction of apoptosis by chloroform extract of Tecomella undulata bark (CTUB) was determined by MTT, Annexin V and caspase activation assays. The cell cycle analysis was done by flow cytometer and nuclear staining by DAPI. The standardization of the extract was performed through reverse phase-HPLC method under PDA detection.Result
Results clearly showed the induction of apoptosis by CTUB in K562 cells. The effect was found to be dose dependent, having IC50 of 30 μg/ml with activation of FAS, FADD, caspase 8, caspase 3/7 and fragmentation of DNA. The bioactive CTUB was determined to possess 0.03% (w/w) of quercetin.Conclusion
The investigation clearly demonstrated the potential antitumor effect of CTUB, thereby validating the traditional claim. Quercetin, known to have anticancer activity is being reported and quantified for the first time from the bark of Tecomella undulata. 相似文献4.
Annalakshmi Chinniah Satyabrata Mohapatra Suchandra Goswami Anita Mahapatra Sudip K. Kar U.V. Mallavadhani Pratap K. Das 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Aim of the study
Since Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) Pers. (Fabaceae) has traditional use in curing different types of wounds including gastroduodenal ulcers, it was of interest to evaluate the in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity profile of the plant extract and its fractions with a view to examining its therapeutic potential, if any.Materials and methods
Employing clinical isolates and standard strains of Helicobacter pylori, the extract and fractions were bioevaluated in terms of MIC and MBC values, acid stability, time-kill kinetics, drug resistance, and synergistic potential.Results
The methanolic extract showed promising activity against clinical isolates and standard strains of Helicobacter pylori, including metronidazole-resistant strains. Fractionation of the extract revealed the n-hexane and chloroform fractions to possess marked activity. The extract and the less polar fractions remained functionally active in acidic condition similar to stomach environment, exhibited consistent bacteriostatic activity during repeated exposure, and demonstrated synergism, complete or partial, even with antibiotic-resistant strains.Conclusion
Apolar fractions of Tephrosia purpurea may have therapeutic potential in combating Helicobacter pylori mediated gastroduodenal disorders. 相似文献5.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Anthocleista djalonensis (A. Chev) and Anthocleista vogelii Planch are plants being used in West Africa traditionally to treat various diseases such as malaria, hernia, hypertension, stomach aches, hemorrhoids, syphilis, and diabetes. Diabetes causes about 5% of all deaths globally each year. Chemotherapeutic agents such as biguanides, sulfonylureas, and thiozolidinediones are available for the treatment of diabetes, however, they have undesirable side effects. The need for newer, more effective and less toxic drugs is imperative and the biodiversity of Nigeria has a high potential for drug discovery based on plants used in the ethnomedicine.Aim of the study
To investigate the leaves, stem bark and roots of these plants for their probable alpha-amylase inhibitory activities and establish their anti-diabetic activities. The overall goal is do bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation of active anti-diabetic compounds.Materials and methods
Powdered samples (leaves, stem bark and roots) macerated with 80% aqueous methanol were evaluated in vitro using alpha-amylase inhibitory assay while in vivo investigations were carried out on hyperglycemic rats. Diabetes was induced in albino rats by an intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (80 mg/kg). Plant extracts (1 g/kg) were given orally for 7 days, while blood glucose levels were monitored using a one touch glucometer. The crude methanol extracts found to be most active were further partitioned into hexane and ethyl acetate fractions which were also tested in vivo on the diabetic animals.Results
The leaves and stem bark crude methanol extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis gave comparable α-amylase inhibition of 73.66% and 72.90%, respectively which were quite higher than the 38.93% and 22.90% of the same plant parts given by Anthocleista vogelii. The crude stem bark extract of Anthocleista djalonensis exhibited significant peak blood glucose reduction on day 6 (72.59%, p<0.05) which was higher than the leaves or roots which gave 45.73% and 47.46% (p<0.05), respectively The stem bark ethyl acetate fraction of Anthocleista djalonensis gave reduction in blood glucose level of 60.86% (p<0.05).Conclusion
From our results, the leaves, stem bark and whole root of both plants exhibited α-amylase inhibitory activities with Anthocleista djalonensis also showing good anti-diabetic activities in vivo indicating that they contain active principles for the management of diabetes. There is justification for the use of the plants traditionally to manage diabetes. 相似文献6.
George N. Anosa Rita I. Udegbunam Josephine O. Okoro Obianuju N. Okoroafor 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2014
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Enantia polycarpa (PC) Engl. Et Diels (Annonaceae) is used in traditional medicine as an antimalarial remedy in Southern Nigeria.Aim of the study
The antimalarial activities of ethanolic stem bark extracts of Enantia polycarpa was studied in vivo, in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei.Materials and methods
The ethanolic stem bark extract of Enantia polycarpa was administered at doses ranging from 200 to 600 mg/kg/day to Plasmodium berghei infected mice in both early and established models of antiplasmodial studies.Results
The extract of Enantia polycarpa exhibited promising antimalarial activity against both early and established infections. At a dose of 600 mg/kg the extract achieved a 75.8% and 72% chemosuppression of parasitaemia in the study of acute and established infections, respectively. The extract also prolonged mean survival time of Plasmodium berghei infected mice during the study of established infection. The mean survival time of mice administered Enantia polycarpa extract at 600 mg/kg/day (27 days) was significantly longer than infected/untreated control (12 days). For the acute toxicity study the extract had an intraperitoneal LD50 of 186 mg/kg but caused no mortality when administered orally at doses as high as 2,000 and 4,000 mg/kg.Conclusions
Collectively, the results indicate that Enantia polycarpa is safe when administered orally and possesses promising antimalarial activity, thus supporting its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria. 相似文献7.
Rakesh Kumar Singh Shikha MehtaDolly Jaiswal Prashant Kumar RaiGeeta Watal 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Herbal preparations of Ficus bengalensis had been considered as effective, economical and safe ethnomedicines for various ailments in Indian traditional system of medicine.Aim of study
The present study was aimed to explore scientifically the antidiabetic potential of Ficus bengalensis aerial roots as its bark had already been reported to possess antidiabetic efficacy.Materials and methods
Effect of variable doses of aqueous extract of Ficus bengalensis aerial roots on blood glucose level (BGL) of normal-, sub- and mild-diabetic models have been studied and the results were compared with the reference drug Glipizide and elemental Mg and Ca intake as glycemic elements.Results
The dose of 300 mg kg−1 showed the maximum fall of 43.8 and 40.7% in BGL during FBG and glucose tolerance test (GTT) studies of normal rats, respectively. The same dose showed a marked reduction in BGL of 54.3% in sub- and 51.7% in mild-diabetic rats during GTT. The concentration of Mg (1.02%) and Ca (0.85%) identified through laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in the most effective dose could be responsible for this high percentage fall in BGL as they take part in glucose metabolism.Conclusion
The hypoglycemic effect in normoglycemic and antidiabetic effect in sub- and mild-diabetic models of aqueous extract of aerial roots of Ficus bengalensis are due to the presence of these glycemic elements in high concentration with respect to other elements. 相似文献8.
M. Maldini S. Sosa P. Montoro A. Giangaspero M.J. Balick C. Pizza R. Della Loggia 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Ethnopharmacological relevance
An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.Aim of study
Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.Materials and methods
Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.Results
Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID50 (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm2 (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm2 (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID50 of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm2.Conclusions
Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles. 相似文献9.
Patrícia Rodrigues Orsi Leonardo Noboru SeitoLuiz Claudio Di Stasi 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2014
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Stem bark and fruit pulp of Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart ex. Hayne (Fabaceae) has been popularly used to treat inflammation and gastrointestinal diseases including ulcers, diarrhea and gastric pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of a methanol extract derived from the stem bark and diet with fruit pulp of Hymenaea stigonocarpa in the TNBS model of intestinal inflammation in rats.Material and methods
The intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of stem bark extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and fruit pulp (10% and 5% in diet) was measured against the intestinal inflammatory process induced by TNBS (trinitrobenzesulphonic acid) in rats. The protective effects were evaluated as follows: evaluation of intestinal damage (damage score, extension of lesion, colon weight/length ratio), incidence of diarrhea and adherence to adjacent organs, colon glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities. In addition, in vitro studies on lipid peroxidation in rat brain membranes and phytochemical profile were performed with both stem bark and fruit pulp.Results
Treatment with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of stem bark extract and 10% fruit pulp flour showed protective effects in the TNBS-induced colon damage, which was related to inhibition of MPO and AP activities, reduction in colon MDA content, and counteraction of GSH depletion induced by inflammatory process. A concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the lipid peroxidation in rat brain membranes for stem bark and fruit pulp was determined, with an IC50 value of 5.25±0.23 μg/mL and 27.33±0.09 μg/mL, respectively. Similar phytochemical composition was observed in fruit and stem bark, including mainly flavonoids, condensed tannins and terpenes.Conclusions
Stem bark extract and fruit pulp flour of Hymenaea stigonocarpa prevented TNBS-induced colonic damage in rats and this protective effect were associated to an improvement of intestinal oxidative stress. The observed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects may be associated to the presence of flavonoids and tannins in the stem bark and fruit pulp of Hymenaea stigonocarpa. 相似文献10.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
In traditional systems of medicine, stem bark of Acacia ferruginea DC. is used for the treatment of itching, leucoderma, ulcers, stomatitis and diseases of the blood. In the present study, we determined antioxidant and anti-ulcerogenic activities of Acacia ferruginea stem bark.Materials and methods
Acetone extract and its sub-fractions of Acacia ferruginea stem bark were subjected to assess their antioxidant potential using various in vitro systems such as DPPH•, ABTS•+ scavenging, FRAP and phosphomolybdenum reduction activities. Based on the antioxidant potential, the ethyl acetate fraction was used to evaluate the protective effect of ethanol-induced gastric damage in rat model. Enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase and lipid peroxidation were also determined in the stomach tissues.Results
Ethyl acetate fraction (AFE) of Acacia ferruginea stem bark registered higher antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities than the crude acetone extract and other fractions. In addition, AFE exhibited that the IC50 values of DPPH (2.5 µg/ml) and ABTS (1.8 µg/ml) were lower when compared to the standard quercetin (12.4 µg/ml and 4.7 µg/ml, respectively). In ethanol induced gastric ulcer, administration of AFE at doses of 10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight prior to ethanol ingestion significantly protected the stomach ulceration. Consequently significant changes were observed in enzyme activities such as SOD, CAT, GSH and LPO in the stomach tissues when compared with ethanol control group.Conclusion
It is concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction of Acacia ferruginea stem bark possessed higher antioxidant and anti-ulcerogenic activities. Based on the results, we suggest that Acacia ferruginea stem bark has potential to provide a therapeutic approach to ethanol mediated ulcer as an effective anti-ulcer agent. 相似文献11.
Kátia Wolff Cordeiro Lorraine Aparecida Pinto Anelise Samara Nazari Formagio Sérgio Faloni de Andrade Cândida Aparecida Leite Kassuya Karine de Cássia Freitas 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2012
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Croton urucurana (Euphorbiaceae) bark is used to treat gastric ulcers. However, to our knowledge, no study has been conducted to confirm this therapeutic property.Aim of the study
To evaluate the antiulcerogenic effect and any possible toxic effects of Croton urucurana bark in an induced gastric ulcer model in rats.Materials and methods
The preventive and healing properties of Croton urucurana bark methanol extract (CUE) were evaluated in experimental models of acute (ethanol and indomethacin) and chronic (acetic acid) gastric ulcers. The gastric juice and mucous were evaluated using the pylorus ligation model, while the gastroprotective action of sulphydryl compounds and nitric oxide were analysed using the ethanol model. The toxicity was evaluated with acute and subacute toxicity tests.Results
No signs of toxicity were observed in the parameters analysed. All of the CUE doses tested (50, 100 and 250 mg/kg) significantly reduced the gastric lesions by 70.25, 95.40 and 98.71%, respectively. Treatment with 30 mg/kg lansoprazole (positive control) inhibited 82.58% of the gastric lesions. In the indomethacin model, the 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg doses of CUE significantly reduced gastric damage by 67.85, 82.50 and 71.01%, respectively, and the positive control, cimetidine (200 mg/kg), reduced gastric damage by 91.02%. The CUE (100 mg/kg) and cimetidine (200 mg/kg) treatments significantly reduced the ulcerative pathology induced by acetic acid, promoting 81.55 and 72.62% healing, respectively. Nitric oxide did not change the cytoprotection generated by CUE. However, the antiulcerogenic activity of CUE appears to involve sulphydryl compounds because CUE activity was inhibited in animals receiving a sulphydryl compound blocker. In addition, CUE exhibited systemic effects, increasing mucous production and decreasing gastric acidity.Conclusions
The present study shows that Croton urucurana bark exerts gastroprotective activity in rats without causing toxicity. This effect appears to involve sulphydryl compounds, increasing mucus production and reducing gastric acidity. 相似文献12.
Maria do Carmo Souza Angela Márcia Selhorst Beserra Dely Cristina Martins Vânia Villa Real Rogério Alexandre Nunes dos Santos Vietla Satyanarayana Rao Regilane Matos da Silva Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Aims of the study
Calophyllum brasiliense (Camb.) is a medicinal tree that grows particularly in the hilly and forested regions of Brazil. Preparations from its stem bark are popular remedies for the treatment of chronic ulcers. Since earlier investigations on bark extracts evidenced gastroprotective and gastric acid inhibitory properties, this study evaluated the effects of hydroethanolic extract (HEECb) and the dichloromethanic fraction (DCMF), from Calophyllum brasiliense stem bark, against Helicobacter pylori, in vitro and in vivo.Materials and methods
The in vitro assays were performed using the disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. The test substances were evaluated in vivo taking into account the delay in the gastric ulcer healing in Wistar rats, infected with Helicobacter pylori.Results
DCMF appeared the most active and potent in vitro against Helicobacter pylori growth with an MIC of 31 μg/mL. In the in vivo assays, rats ulcerated by acetic acid, and inoculated with Helicobacter pylori showed a marked delay in ulcer healing. Treatment with HEECb (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and DCMF (100 and 200 mg/kg) reduced the ulcerated area in a dose-dependent manner. While DCMF, at 200 mg/kg, increased the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level, both HEECb and DCMF decreased the number of urease-positive animals, as confirmed by the reduction of Helicobacter pylori presence in histopathological analysis.Conclusion
The results suggest that the antiulcer activity of Calophyllum brasiliense is due, in part, to its anti-Helicobacter pylori action, validating the popular use of this species. 相似文献13.
Albert Wulari Mbaya Umar Isah Ibrahim Onyiche Thank God Sanya Ladi 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Aim of the study
To determine the toxicity and anti-trypanosomal activity of the ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica (Maliacea) stem bark, through in vivo and in vitro approach using Trypanosoma brucei brucei.Materials and methods
Graded concentrations (100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 and 3200 mg/kg) of the crude stem bark ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica, Hochst ex. A. Dc. (Maliacea) was tested for acute toxicity in 35 out bred Swiss (Wister) adult albino rats of both sexes. Secondly, the in vitro activity in test tubes and in vivo activity of the extract in 30 out bred Swiss (Wister) adult albino rats against Trypanosoma brucei brucei strain NITR/14 (Federe) was evaluated in a graded dose manner.Results
The calculated intra-peritoneal LD50 of the extract was 870 mg/kg and produced toxicity at high doses (>800 mg/kg). Graded concentrations of the ethanolic extract produced remarkable in vitro activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei within seconds of inoculation. It also suppressed the establishment of parasitaemia at 100 mg/kg when administered simultaneously with infection in vivo. Similarly, at 200 and 400 mg/kg, the extract administered at the onset of parasitaemia for 4 consecutive days reduced parasitaemia, modulated declined packed volume (PCV) changes by day 48 post-infection in vivo.Conclusion
The results confirm that the folkloric medicinal application of the extract of Azadirachta indica (Maliacea) has a pharmacological basis. Further investigation is however, needed to optimize the effectiveness of the extract. 相似文献14.
M.-C. Tchamadeu P.D.D. Dzeufiet C.C. Kouambou Nouga A.G.B. Azebaze J. Allard J.-P. Girolami I. Tack P. Kamtchouing T. Dimo 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Aim of the study
The stem bark of Mammea africana Sabine (Guttiferae) is used in African rain forest to treat various diseases, including diabetes mellitus. We investigated whether Mammea africana extract induced hypoglycaemic activity in rats.Materials and methods
We tested the effects of acute (5 h) and sub-acute (21 days) oral administrations of the CH2Cl2–MeOH stem bark extract of Mammea africana (19–300 mg/kg body weight) on blood glucose levels of normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats. The effects were compared with those of glibenclamide.Results
Acute administration reduced blood glucose in the diabetic rats only (33.87%, P < 0.01). Sub-acute treatment for 21 days also reduced blood glucose level in diabetic rats (73.29%, P < 0.01). A reduction or stabilization in total serum protein, triglyceride, cholesterol and alanine amino transferase levels was also observed. No effect was observed on body weight loss but food and water intakes were significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in diabetic rats. The maximal anti-diabetic effect was obtained with the dose of 75 mg/kg and was more important than that of glibenclamide.Conclusion
It can be concluded that extracts of Mammea africana exhibited a significant anti-hyperglycaemic activity and improved the metabolic alterations in STZ-diabetic rats. These results provide a rationale for the use of Mammea africana to treat diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia. 相似文献15.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Cyathocline purpurea (D. Don.) O. Ktze. (Asteraceae) is a rare existence Indian medicinal plant and traditionally has antimicrobial property.Aim of the study
The aim of the present study was to identify chemical composition of the essential oil from the roots of Cyathocline purpurea and to screened in vitro antibacterial activity against eight human pathogenic bacteria.Materials and methods
The essential oil of roots was analyzed by using GC–FID and GC–MS. The antibacterial activity of oil was tested against four Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria and antibacterial activity was determined by the tube dilution method.Results
The main constituents of the oil were thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether (57.4%) and β-selinene (14.0%), among twenty five identified compounds, which represented 90.1% of the total oil. The oil was found active against Gram-positive bacteria with minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values in the range of 0.26–0.57 mg/mL.Conclusions
This is the first report on the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of roots of Cyathocline purpurea. The observation of MBC assay suggested that the Gram positive microorganisms were susceptible to essential oil, while oil was found to be resistant against Gram-negative bacteria, and the oil has bactericidal property. 相似文献16.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana was reported in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Isolation of an active compound in this study from the bark extract may lead to the validation of its efficiency as a traditional crude drug.Aims of the study
This study aimed to isolate active compound(s) from an ethyl acetate bark extract of Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana and to investigate some of its biological activity.Materials and methods
The isolation process was carried out using bioassay-guided fractionation. The isolated compound was tested for antibacterial activity using the micro-dilution assay; anti-inflammatory activity using the COX-1 and COX-2 assays and investigated for inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase using the microplate assay.Results
A new bioactive compound was isolated and identified as a cassane diterpene, niloticane. Niloticane showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 4 and 8 μg/mL, respectively. With Gram-negative bacteria, niloticane showed weak activity. MIC values obtained were 16 and 33 μg/mL against Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli, respectively. In the cyclooxygenase test, niloticane possessed activity with IC50 values of 28 and 210 μM against COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. IC50 values observed with indomethacin (positive control) were 3.6 μM for COX-1 and 189 μM for COX-2. In the acetylcholinesterase test, niloticane showed anti-cholinesterase activity with an IC50 value of 4 μM. IC50 values obtained by the galanthamine (positive control) was 2.0 μM.Conclusion
The results obtained support the traditional uses of the bark of Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana in African traditional medicine for the treatment of some ailments that relate to microbial diseases, inflammation and central nervous system disorders. 相似文献17.
Hesbon Z. Amenya Peter K. Gathumbi James M. Mbaria Andrew G. Thaiyah Grace N. Thoithi 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2014
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Cape beech (Rapanea melanophloeos) is an important medicinal plant that is widely used in most of Africa. Currently, little toxicological information is available on its safety following prolonged use.Aim of the study
In this study, we sought to evaluate the oral sub-acute toxicity of Rapanea melanophloeos stem bark chloroformic extract using Sprague Dawley rats.Materials and methods
Six-week old rats were orally administered with the extract at dosage levels of 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg for 28 days. Clinical signs, hematological and clinical chemistry parameters were monitored, while organ weights and organ pathology were evaluated at the end of the study.Results
The extract caused a significant reduction in bodyweight at 1000 mg/kg. The hematological profiles of animals at this dose showed an increase in the erythrocyte count and the hematocrit that were accompanied by decrease in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Biochemical parameters were not altered in a dose-related manner when compared to the controls. There were time associated alterations on both hematological and biochemical parameters, but pathological examination did not reveal any treatment related changes in any of the organs.Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that the chloroformic stem bark extract of Rapanea melanophloeos may be of no toxicological concern at dosage levels up to 1000 mg/kg. Rapanea melanophloeos can therefore be used confidently in African traditional medicine at these or lower dosage levels. 相似文献18.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The stem bark of Acacia oxyphylla Graham ex Bentham is used as an anthelmintic by the natives of Mizoram (North-East India).Aim of the study
The present study was performed to evaluate whether or not the plant-derived components caused any ultrastructural changes in the tegumental interface of the parasite.Materials and methods
The test parasite Raillietina echinobothrida, the cestode of domestic fowl, was exposed to the ethanolic crude extract and acetone fraction of stem bark of Acacia oxyphylla for varying concentrations and time duration and processed for transmission electron microscopy as soon as paralysis set in the treated parasites.Results
Treatment with crude alcoholic extract and its acetone fraction revealed complete inactivation and flaccid paralysis of the cestode, which was soon followed by death. The treated parasites also exhibited intense vacuolization of the tegumental layers along with complete disorganization and/or erosion of microtriches.Conclusions
Considerable structural alterations in the treated parasites are suggestive of an efficient vermicidal activity of the Acacia oxyphylla stem bark-derived botanicals against cestodes. 相似文献19.
S.L. Lumpu C.M. Kikueta M.E. Tshodi A.P. Mbenza O.K. Kambu B.M. Mbamu P. Cos L. Maes S. Apers L. Pieters R.K. Cimanga 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance
To evaluate the antiprotozoal activity and cytotoxicity of extracts and fractions from the leaves, root bark and stem bark of Alstonia congensis (Apocynaceae), used in traditional medicine against parasitic diseases.Materials and methods
The aqueous and 80% MeOH extracts, and a series of fractions and subfractions from the leaves, stem and root bark of Alstonia congensis were tested in vitro for their antiprotozoal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Lesihamania infantum and the chloroquine and pyrimethamine-resistant K1 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Their cytotoxicity on MRC-5 cells (human lung fibroblasts) was evaluated as well.Results
The aqueous and 80% MeOH extracts and a series of subfractions of each plant part exhibited pronounced antiprotozoal activity against the K1 strain of Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values ranging from 2 to 5 µg/ml, and good activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC50 values ranging between 5 and 10 µg/ml. The residual 80% MeOH extract from the leaves, and the total alkaloid extract from stem and root bark were the only subfractions active against Leishmania infantum with IC50 values <10 µg/ml. None of the samples from the root bark was cytotoxic against MRC-cell lines (CC50>64 µg/ml). In general, the aqueous extract (traditional decoction) showed the highest selectivity, especially against Plasmodium falciparum.Conclusion
These results can partly support and justify the traditional use of these plant parts of Alstonina congensis as raw materials for the preparation of traditional remedies to treat parasitic diseases such as malaria and trypanosomiasis. 相似文献20.
G.F. Nsonde Ntandou J.T. Banzouzi B. Mbatchi R.D.G. Elion-Itou A.W. Etou-Ossibi S. Ramos F. Benoit-Vical A.A. Abena J.M. Ouamba 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010