大豆补充剂无法舒缓气喘

正据美国WebMD医学新闻网(2015-06-17)报道,之前的研究显示,大豆补充剂或许能帮助气喘患者呼吸更容易,但有篇新研究发现,这一营养物对于肺功能没有有效的作用。研究人员发现,大豆补充剂虽然能够增加血液中大豆异黄酮的含量,但它不能改善患者的肺功能、气喘症状和炎性反应。西北大学Feinberg医学院的Lewis Smith博士认为,大家要考虑整体的饮食,而不是单一食物及其成分。我们应该摄取更     

老年人需要吃维生素或补充剂吗?

<正>据美国WebMD医学新闻网2012-12-01报道,Emory大学的专家表示,在65岁以上的成人中,至少有50%每天服用维生素或其它补充剂,但只有少部分的人真正需要,大多数的老年人可从饮食获取所需营养。通常认为年纪越大的人,所需要的维生素和矿物质补充剂越多。Donald B.McCormick博士认为数百万人不需要吃,却浪费大量金钱在不必要的补充剂上;因为没有科学证据,我们了解的太少,以致无法建议中老年人是比较需要这些维生素或矿     

幼鼠骨骼发育中高脂饮食的影响

背景：高脂饮食能引起肥胖,成年人肥胖能增加骨密度,对健康有一定的正面作用,而高脂饮食对生长快速的儿童骨骼发育的影响并不十分明确。 目的：观察高脂饮食对雌性幼鼠骨胳发育的影响。 方法：取12只4周龄雌性CD1小鼠,分别给予高脂饮食和正常饮食,喂养10周后用双能X射线骨密度仪扫描全身;用三点弯曲实验检测骨生物力学特征;用酶联免疫分析法检测血清中骨转换标志物;股骨组织切片苏木精-伊红染色观察骨小梁变化和骨髓的脂肪化程度。 结果与结论：高脂饮食组小鼠的体质量、体脂含量均显著高于正常饮食组,但全身的骨密度、骨矿物质含量、骨面积和肌肉组织含量与正常饮食组无显著差异,但腰椎的骨密度、骨矿物质含量和骨面积都显著低于正常饮食组,而股骨的骨密度、骨矿物质含量和骨面积都显著高于正常饮食组,经体质量或体脂含量校正后虽然无显著统计学差异,但高脂饮食组全身和股骨的骨密度、骨矿物质含量和骨面积都呈现了低于正常饮食组的趋势;两组在骨生物力学特性方面的比较没有显著差异;高脂饮食组的血清骨转换标志物浓度较正常饮食组低;组织切片可见高脂饮食组的骨髓腔中有大量脂肪浸润和骨小梁宽度和面积减小。提示肥胖对生长旺盛阶段的幼鼠骨骼发育有不良影响,椎骨的骨矿物化程度下降,承重部位骨量的增加不能充分代偿体质量的增加。     

钙补充剂对心脏可能不健康

据美国WebMD医学新闻网（2016-10-20）报道,一项研究指出,以补充剂的型态而不是吃富含钙质的食物来作为膳食中的钙质可能对心脏有害。 这篇研究不能证明补充剂会造成心脏问题,但研究人员相信,研究结果应该能让消费者停下来思考。根据美国国家心脏协会的声明,美国约有43%的成人服用补充剂,包括钙在内;超过一半的60岁以上妇女服用钙补充剂来减少骨质疏松症风险。     

铁补充剂对孕妇、幼儿的益处不清楚

正据美国WebM D医学新闻网(2015-03-29)报道,最新评论显示,怀孕时服用铁补充剂似乎不会显著改善妈妈或婴儿任何健康的问题;另一个针对婴幼儿所做的评估发现,铁补充剂并不会改善生长或发育情形。这两篇评论是美国预防服务工作小组(USPSTF)针对孕妇、婴儿以及幼童服用铁补充剂所做的最新研究。USPSTF认为,没有足够的证据建议孕妇或婴幼儿吃铁补充剂,或是做缺铁的筛检。但他们也指出,没有足够的证据建议反对任何方法。     

印尼草药出口前景看好

印尼草药出口前景看好印度尼西亚草药进出口商协会主席哈尔多诺·占德拉说，由于世界各国人民崇尚“回归自然”，因此，传统草药市场前景看好。他预计，印尼作为草药生产大国之一今年的草药出口值将比１９９６年增加２０％。１９９６年印尼草药出口额为６４００万美元。印...     

印度草药出口增长

印度草药出口增长新德里消息：印度草药有３５００年的历史，约７亿印度人的医疗保健至少部分依靠草药配方。据印度报刊报道，喜马拉雅制药公司、扎杜制药公司和印度达布尔制药厂等都在增加草药的出口。估计印度人每年要为这种药剂支出２．５亿美元，而印度草药制造商每年...     

雄性大鼠长期有氧运动期间血液铁状态与饮食铁含量的关系*

背景：运动对雌性大鼠血液铁状态的影响也已经得到广泛研究,但运动对雄性大鼠血液铁状态的影响仍不明确。 目的：观察不同铁含量饮食以及游泳运动对雄性大鼠血液铁状态的影响。 方法：断乳雄性SD大鼠90只,分为饮食低铁含量组、标准铁含量组、高铁含量组。每组再分为运动组和静息组。用不同的铁含量饲料喂养1个月后,运动组开始游泳,每天1次,持续3个月,静息组除不做运动外,其余处理同对应运动组。最后1次运动后,大鼠空腹24 h,戊巴比妥钠麻醉下取静脉血测定红细胞相关指标和血清铁状态指标。 结果与结论：饮食铁含量对红细胞和血清铁状态指标的主效应都有显著影响,运动对红细胞分布宽度、血浆总铁结合力的主效应也显著影响。饮食低铁含量静息组表现为铁缺乏性贫血的典型改变,而运动组血清铁和转铁蛋白饱和度显著降低,血浆总铁结合力显著增大,说明低铁饮食情况下运动加重了血液低铁状态。饮食标准铁含量、高铁含量的运动组都表现为红细胞分布宽度显著增大,血浆总铁结合力显著增大,但其他指标均无显著改变,说明运动没有导致血液低铁状态。     

饮食因素对大鼠脂肪细胞葡萄糖转运蛋白4的影响

目的:研究饮食因素对大鼠脂肪细胞葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)的影响。方法:实验大鼠随机分为正常组(n=10)、模型组(n=10)和饮食干预组(n=10)。正常组以基础饲料喂养10周;模型组以高糖高脂饲料喂养10周;饮食干预组以高糖高脂饲料喂养4周后,改喂基础饲料6周。Westernblot法检测各组大鼠脂肪细胞内、外膜GLUT4含量。结果:模型组大鼠脂肪细胞内、外膜GLUT4含量均低于正常组(P<0.05)。与模型组大鼠相比,饮食干预组大鼠脂肪细胞内膜GLUT4含量无显著差异,但细胞外膜GLUT4含量增加P<0.05)。结论:高糖高脂饮食可能通过降低脂肪细胞GLUT4含量及其转位使大鼠产生胰岛素抵抗。饮食干预可提高脂肪细胞GLUT4含量并改善其转位,增加葡萄糖的摄取,提高胰岛素敏感性。     

冬凌草的药理作用与临床应用

冬凌草，又名冰凌草（Rabdosia rubescens （Hamst）），系唇形科香茶菜属植物，味甘苦，性微寒。全草为民间常用草药，具有清热解毒、消炎止痛、健胃活血等功效。化学成份分析证实，冬凌草含有从单萜、倍半萜、二萜、三萜、挥发油、甙类及多糖等一系列物质^[1]。从冬凌草叶的提取物中分离出五种二萜类化合物，即冬凌草甲、乙、丙、丁及戊素，为其主要抗癌活性成份。     

Ethnomedicinal Plants and Their Utilization by Villagers in Kumaragiri Hills of Salem District of Tamilnadu, India

The present investigation deals with the ethnomedicinal plants of Kumaragiri Hills of Salem district, Tamilnadu. The indigenous knowledge of the village dwellers, the herbal medicine practitioners and other traditional healers and the native plants used for medicinal value were collected through questionnaire and personal interviewed during field trips. The study revealed some unknown medical uses of medicinal plants. The scientific name, family, vernacular name (Tamil), part used and traditional practice of 80 species, 65 genera and families are discussed here for the treatment of various ailments. The dicotyledons are represented by 73 species of 58 genera and 37 families while monocotyledons are represented by 7 species of 7 genera and 4 families. 91.25% dicotyledons and :8.75% monocotyledons were encountered.     

A traditional Chinese herbal medicine, ren-shen-yang-rong-tang (Japanese name: ninjin-yoei-to) augments the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.

Ren-shen-yang-rong-tang (Japanese name: Ninjin-yoei-to, NYT) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Leukocytosis and elevated levels of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in peripheral blood were found previously after the administration of this compound to mice. In this study, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured in the presence of NYT in vitro, and the levels of granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) and granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) in the supernatant of cultured PBMC were measured using a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. NYT significantly (P less than 0.01) augmented GM-CSF production but not G-CSF production by PBMC in vitro.     

Correction: Identification of a naturally processed cyclin D1 T‐helper epitope by a novel combination of HLA class II targeting and differential mass spectrometry (Vol. 34(12) 2004, p. 3644–3651)

Due to a technical error, the name of the second author, Patrice Decker, was unfortunately omitted from the Table of contents of the December 2004 issue. We apologize for any inconvenience caused. DOI 10.1002/eji.200425510     

Effect of Tao-Hong-Si-Wu-Tang,A Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Formula,on Physical Fatigue in Mice

Tao-Hong-Si-Wu-Tang (THSWT) is a famous traditional Chinese herbal medicine formula, which has traditionally been used in China for about one thousand years. The present study investigated the effect of THSWT on physical fatigue. 32 male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 in each group. All were administered orally and daily for 28 days. Group I received isotonic saline solution as control; Group II, III and IV obtained 5, 10 and 20ml/ kg body weight of THSWT solutions, respectively. After 28 days, the anti-physical fatigue effect of THSWT was evaluated by using a forced swimming test, along with the determination of blood lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen and muscle glycogen contents. The data showed that THSWT could extend exhaustive swimming time of mice, as well as decrease the BLA and BUN contents and increase the liver glycogen and muscle glycogen contents. The results support that THSWT had anti-physical fatigue effect.     

Activation of murine peritoneal macrophages by intraperitoneal administration of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang (Japanese name: shosaiko-to)

Macrophage activation by a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang (Japanese name: shosaiko-to), was investigated. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of shosaiko-to into (BALB/c x DBA/2)F1 mice resulted in marked activation of macrophages with respect to phagocytic and lysosomal enzyme activities (acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase) compared with the control. The maximal responses were induced by an i.p. injection of 3 mg shosaiko-to 4 days previously. Enhanced activities induced by shosaiko-to were also seen in C3H/HeJ mice, which is a non-responder strain to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Significant macrophage accumulation in the peritoneal cavity and increased lysosomal enzyme activities were observed in mice injected with shosaiko-to. Shosaiko-to exhibited significant cytostasis-inducing activity. In addition, the administration of shosaiko-to led to a moderate expression of Ia antigen on the surface of peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that shosaiko-to is a potent macrophage activator.     

甘肃产人工种植甘草的质量考察研究

用HPLC法对甘肃产四种不同产地、不同生长年限、不同季节采集的人工种植甘草的甘草酸进行了含量测定和分析,结果显示,采收时间、生长年限、物种不同,甘草酸的含量有明显差异。这一结果为该类药材的质量研究、生产采收、药厂选投料及开发应用等提供了科学依据,同时对该类资源的开发利用也具有积极意义。     

Thymus-dependent effects of a traditional chinese medicine,ren-shen-yang-rong-tang (Japanese name; Ninjin-Youei-To), in autoimmune MRL/MP-Ipr/Ipr mice

Autoimmune MRL/lpr mice were i.p. treated with 200 mg/kg Ren-shen-yang-rong-tang (Japanese name: Ninjin-youei-to, NYT), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine (Japanese name: Kampo), from 8 weeks of age every 3 days before the onset of autoimmune disease. Compared to age-matched control MRL/lpr mice, the serum IL-6 concentration in NYT-treated mice was decreased, their serum IFN-γ concentration was increased, and the proliferative responses of whole and enriched CD4⁺ cells in their spleen and lymph nodes stimulated with ConA in vitro were restored. FACS analysis revealed that the rate of decreased CD4⁺CD8⁺ T-cell population in the thymus was decreased in MRL/lpr mice but recovered by NYT treatment. Further, adult thymectomized (ATX) MRL/lpr mice were treated with 200 mg/kg NYT similarly. NYT treatment prolonged the survival of sham-operated MRL/lpr mice and ameliorated their proteinuria but did not improve such autoimmune manifestations in ATX-MRL/Ipr mice. These findings suggest that NYT plays an important role in the abrogation of autoimmune-prone T cell differentiation and that the therapeutic effect of NYT is dependent on the thymus in MRL/Ipr mice.     

Retracing the etymology of terms in neuroanatomy

Researching the origin of the terms that we use to identify neuroanatomical structures is a helpful and fascinating exercise. It can provide neuroscientists with a better insight and understanding of the macroscopic anatomy of the cranium and its contents. It can also help the novice to this discipline to become acquainted with structures whose three dimensional anatomy is often difficult to appreciate. The purpose of this article was to investigate the etymology of some of the terms referring to the macroscopic anatomical structures of the skull and the intracranial cavity. We observed how each name unravels an interesting story, sometimes linked to mythological creatures, other times to the shape of animals or objects and tools of everyday life. We conclude that even without a deep knowledge of the Greek, Latin, or Arabic language, learning who described a particular structure and how they decided to name it, makes the study of neuroanatomy more complete and fulfilling. Clin. Anat. 25:1005–1014, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Herbal medicine: women's views, knowledge and interaction with doctors: a qualitative study

Background  

There is growing concern that serious interactions are occurring between prescribed/over the counter and herbal medicines and that there is a lack of disclosure of herbal use by patients to doctors. This study explores women's perspectives about the safety of herbal remedies, herb-drug interactions and communication with doctors about herbal medicines.