广西中小学生头发元素含量的地域性差异研究

目的　探讨广西中小学生头发中的人体必需元素含量及其地域性差异。方法　用偏振塞曼原子吸收仪 ,检测了来自融水、三江和马山县的 3 0 5 0名 7～ 16岁中小学生头发中铜、镁、镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙 9种人体必需元素的含量 ,并用SPSS统计软件做了统计分析。结果　中小学生头发中除铜以外的 8种元素含量有明显的地域性差异 :①融水的镁、镍、钴、铬、铁、钙含量高于三江的 ,硒、锌含量低于三江的 ;②融水的镁、钴、铁、锌、钙含量高于马山 ,镍、铬含量低于马山的 ;③三江的硒、钴、锌含量高于马山 ,镍、铬含量低于马山。其中融水的钴、铁、钙、镁含量最高 ;三江的硒、锌含量最高 ;马山的镍、铬含量最高。结论　广西融水、三江和马山县中学生头发中镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙、镁含量有明显的地域性差异     

广西马山县壮族中小学生头发中9种元素的含量

目的确定广西马山壮族中小学生头发中9种人体必需元素含量的正常值。方法用偏振塞曼原子吸收仪,检测了来自马山县的1093名7～16岁中小学生头发中镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙、铜、镁9种人体必需元素的含量,并用SPSS统计软件做了统计分析。结果广西马山壮族中小学生头发中,①镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙、铜、镁9种人体必需元素的含量没有性别差异;②铁与年龄呈负相关,但镍、硒、钴、铬、锌、钙、铜、镁的含量年龄没有相关关系;③制订了镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙、铜、镁9种元素的头发含量的的正常值范围。结论广西马山县中学生头发中镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙、铜、镁含量没有明显的性别差异;发铁的含量随年龄增大而减少。     

广西三江县侗族青少年头发中9种元素的含量

目的　确定广西三江县侗族青少年头发中 9种人体必需元素含量的正常值。方法　用偏振塞曼原子吸收仪 ,检测了来自三江县的 993名 7～ 16岁中小学生头发中镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙、铜和镁 9种人体必需元素的含量 ,并用SPSS统计软件进行统计分析。结果　广西三江县侗族中小学生头发中 ,镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙、铜和镁 9种人体必需元素的含量没有性别差异 ;硒、铬、铁、锌、钙和铜与年龄呈负相关 ;制订了镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙、铜、镁 9种元素的头发含量的正常值范围。结论　广西三江县中学生头发中硒、铬、铁、锌、钙和铜含量有明显年龄差异 ,而镍、钴和镁却没有年龄差异。     

微量元素与免疫

微量元素虽不足人体体重的1%,但对人体正常生命活动起重要作用。目前已知人体所必需的微量元素有14种之多,如铁、锌、铜、铬、锰、钼、钴、锡、镍、钒、碘、硒、硅及氟等。随着对微量元素和免疫的深入研究,发现有不少微量元素影响人或动物免疫系统,本文叙述锌、铜、铁、硒及碘等微量元素对免疫的作用。     

微量元素锌在妇产科的临床意义

矿物质是人体所需六大营养素之一,随着检测技术进步,根据其在食品中或人体内含量多少,有常量和微量之分,在每公斤食品中含量低于0.01mg或人体血液浓度在0.005％以下者称微量元素。迄今在人体内已发现有60余种。其中锌、铜、铁、钻、锰、铬、镍、钼、硒、碘、硅、氟等是人体不可缺少的,称必需微量元素;铝、铅、镉、锑、锡、镭、铍、汞、砷等在食品和人体中含量更微,称超微量元素,在体内蓄积会造成急慢性中毒。本文重点将微量元素锌的生物生理功能和生化     

妊娠期高血压患者血浆、红细胞内五种微量元素代谢水平比较

目的探求妊娠期高血压（简称妊高征）患者元素代谢方面的变化情况及为药物治疗提供理论参考依据。方法使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP）分别测定妊高征患者与正常孕妇血浆,红细胞内五种人体微量元素（锰、镍、锌、铬、硒）的浓度。结果①妊高征患者与正常孕妇血浆元素水平比较：镍、铬、硒元素水平明显低;铜、锰元素水平高。②妊高征患者与正常孕妇红细胞内元素水平比较：锰的元素水平明显高,硒元素水平明显低,而铜、镍、铬元素无明显差别。结论妊高征患者存在着明显的元素代谢异常,尤其是血浆元素水平与正常孕妇有显著差异。     

人胎心血管组织微量元素的研究

用原子吸收分光光度仪测定了30例4～10个月胎儿心脏和主动脉组织中的锌、铜、锰、钼四种微量元素的含量.结果表明:心肌组织中的元素含量依次为锌、铜、锰、钼;主动脉组织中的含量依次为锌、锰、铜、钼.在胚胎期,各元素含量有各自的变化曲线.锌与另外三种元素的总体含量有显著性差异(P<0.01).铜、锰、钼之间则无显著性差异.     

慢性阻塞性肺部疾患缓解期患者血清氨基酸及微量元素分析

对２８例ＣＯＰＤ缓解期男性患者的血后分析发现，患者血清氨基酸含量与正常参考值比较无明显差别，支链氨基酸与芳香氨基酸比值也未见异常。血清微量元素含量，除锌、铬显著低于正常外（Ｐ＜０．０５），铁、铜、硒等元素的含量仍在正常范围内。     

大连地区母血及脐血中21种微量元素浓度测定分析

目的调查铁、锌、铜等11种必需微量元素及铅、砷、镉等10种有毒微量元素在正常产妇静脉血及新生儿脐血间的分布规律及其相关性,为孕期合理保健提供科学依据。方法随机对150名健康住院分娩的产妇分别抽取外周静脉血和新生儿脐静脉血,微波消解法制备供试品,电感耦合等离子体-质谱（ICP-MS）法进行全血21种微量元素水平的测定。结果大连地区孕妇全血中微量元素铁、钴、硒、铬、钼、砷、镉、铊和钒的浓度在正常成人参考值范围,锌、钙、铜、铅、银和钡的浓度明显低于参考值,而镁、锰和镍的浓度则高于该范围。与母血中各种微量元素浓度相比,脐血中的锌、钴、铜、锰、镍、铅、砷和镉的浓度均显著性降低（P〈0.01）,而铁的浓度则显著高于母血（P〈0.01）。直线相关分析结果表明,母血与脐血之间钙、镁、钴、铅、砷、铍、银、钡和钍的浓度呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）。结论微量元素在孕妇体内的浓度有别于正常成人的水平,新生儿体内微量元素的浓度与母亲体内微量元素的水平高低密切相关,孕期对上述多种重要的必需微量元素和有毒微量元素的水平进行监测和及时采取科学、有效的应对措施是优生的重要内容。     

喉癌外周血淋巴细胞金属元素含量与其功能的关系

对３０例喉鳞癌患者及２５例正常人外周血淋巴细胞中的金属元素钙、镁、铜、锌、铁、锰含量及Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群进行了测定。结果显示：喉癌患者外周血淋巴细胞铜含量比正常增高，锌含量降低；Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群测定喉癌组ＣＤ３和ＣＤ４细胞比健康组减少，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值下降，且淋巴细胞铜含量与ＣＤ４细胞有相关关系。     

Graves'病患者诊治中红细胞微量元素含量的变化

目的 :探讨Graves’病 (GD)患者在诊治中红细胞微量元素 (Zn、Cu、Fe、Se)含量的变化。方法 :采用放射免疫分析 (RIA)、原子吸收分光光谱技术 (AAS)分别检测 4 2例GD患者、2 0例经治疗甲状腺功能恢复至正常水平GD患者与 30名健康人血清甲状腺激素水平和红细胞微量元素含量。结果 :GD组 ,红细胞Zn、Se含量明显降低 ,与对照组比较有显著性差异 (p <0 0 1 ) ;红细胞Cu、Fe明显升高 ,与对照组比较有显著性差异 (p<0 0 1 ,p <0 0 5 ) ;且Zn与FT4呈明显负相关 (r=- 0 5 4 2 ,p <0 0 1 )、Cu与FT4呈明显正相关 (r =- 0 31 1 ,p <0 0 5 )。GD治疗缓解组 ,红细胞Zn、Se水平明显高于初诊未治疗组 ,差异有显著性 (p <0 0 1 ,p <0 0 5 ) ;但Se仍未达到对照组水平 (p <0 0 1 ) ;红细胞Cu、Fe水平明显低于初诊未治疗组 ,差异有显著性 (p <0 0 5 ) ,但Cu未达到对照组水平 (p <0 0 5 )。结论 :GD患者存在红细胞微量元素的含量改变 ,甲状腺激素可能干扰红细胞微量元素的代谢     

The possible role of gradual accumulation of copper, cadmium, lead and iron and gradual depletion of zinc, magnesium, selenium, vitamins B2, B6, D, and E and essential fatty acids in multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a much higher incidence among caucasians that in any other race. Furthermore: females are much more susceptible than males and white females living in colder, wetter areas are much more susceptible than those living in warmer areas. On the other hand, menstruating women have increased copper (Cu) absorption and half-life, so they tend to accumulate more Cu than males. Moreover, rapidly growing girls have an increased demand for zinc (Zn), but their rapidly decreasing production of melatonin results in impaired Zn absorption, which is exacerbated by the high Cu levels. The low Zn levels result in deficient CuZnSuperoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), which in turn leads to increased levels of superoxide. Menstruating females also often present with low magnesium (Mg) and vitamin B6 levels. Vitamin B6 moderates intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production and extracellular Mg is required for NO release from the cell, so that a deficiency of these nutrients results in increased NO production in the cell and reduced release from the cell. The trapped NO combines with superoxide to form peroxinitrite, an extremely powerful free radical that leads to the myelin damage of MS. Iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) accumulation also increase superoxide production. Which explains MS in males, who tend to accumulate Fe much faster and Cu much less rapidly than females. Since vitamin D is paramount for Mg absorption, the much reduced exposure to sunlight in the higher latitudes may account for the higher incidence in these areas. Moreover, vitamin B2 is a cofactor for xanthine oxidase, and its deficiency exacerbates the low levels of uric acid caused by high Cu levels, resulting in myelin degeneration. Finally Selenium (Se) and vitamin E prevent lipid peroxidation and EPA and DHA upregulate CuZnSOD. Therefore, supplementation with 100 mg MG, 25 mg vit B6, 10 mg vit B2, 15 mg Zn and 400 IU vit D and E, 100 microg Se, 180 mg EPA and 120 mg DHA per day between 14 and 16 years of age may prevent MS.     

糖尿病大鼠膈肌微量元素与氧化应激变化的研究

目的:了解糖尿病膈肌微量元素与氧化应激的关系。方法:采用原子吸收光谱法,测定糖尿病28 d大鼠膈肌组织中铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、钴(Co)、钼(Mo)和锂(Li)的含量,并同时测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:糖尿病膈肌Cu、Zn、Cr、Li含量明显低于对照组,Fe和Cd明显高于对照组,而Mn、Co、Mo与对照组无明显差别。糖尿病膈肌组织SOD活性明显低于对照组,MDA含量明显高于对照组。糖尿病膈肌组织Zn含量与其SOD活性呈正相关,与MDA含量呈负相关,Cd含量与SOD活性呈负相关。结论:糖尿病28d膈肌组织存在Cu、Zn、Fe、Cd、Cr、Li含量的变化及氧化应激增加,Zn和Cd在糖尿病膈肌组织氧化应激变化中具有重要意义。     

Circadian variation in the urinary excretion of electrolytes and trace elements in men

Three-hour urine specimens were collected over a period of 27 hours from 11 healthy adult male subjects. Each specimen was analyzed for Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Each sample was also dialyzed, pH 7.35, and subsequently analyzed for Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Pb, Al, Ni, Cu, Mo, Hg, Cr, Cd, and Mn using a multielemental argon-plasma emission system. The data were evaluated on conventional time plots (chronograms) and as computer-determined “cosinor” plots. A population circadian rhythm with a statistical significance was detected for total Na, K, Ca, and Mg, and for nondialyzable Na, K, P, Ca, Zn, and Mo. For almost every element studied the increase from lowest to highest 3-hour group mean along the 24-hour time scale was more than 100%. The 24-hour excretion of Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn appeared in good agreement with the so-called “normals.” The nondialyzable levels of Fe, Pb, Al, Ni, Cu, Mo, Hg, Cr, Cd, and Mn were similar to the total urinary excretions reported in the literature.     

Comparative study of the metal accumulation in Hysterothalycium reliquens (nematode) and Paraphilometroides nemipteri (nematode) as compared with their doubly infected host,Nemipterus peronii (Notched threadfin bream)

In February 2013, forty-seven Notched threadfin bream, the Nemipterus peronii, were sampled from the eastern coastal waters of the South China Sea. The concentration of various elements, namely cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), strontium (Sr), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), Lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), iron (Fe), and Zinc (Zn) were analyzed in the liver, muscle, and kidney organs of the host, as well as in their parasites Hysterothalycium reliquens (nematode) and the Paraphilometroides nemipteri (nematode), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The former group of parasites showed highest accumulation capacity for Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Ni, and Zn while the latter group had high accumulation potential of As, Hg, Cd, Al, Pb, and Sr. The divergence in heavy-metal accumulation profiles of both nematodes is linked with the specificity of microhabitats, cuticle morphology, and interspecific competition. The outcome of this study indicates that both parasite models can be used for biomonitoring of metal pollution in marine ecosystems.     

Trace element concentration distributions in breast, lung and colon tissues

The concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn and Se in cancerous and benign tissues of breast, lung and intestine (colon) have been determined. In the cases when the element concentration has not been determined in all samples the Kaplan-Meier method has been used for the reconstruction of the original concentration distributions and estimation of the true mean concentrations and medians. Finally, the log-rank test has been applied to compare the elemental concentration distributions between cancerous and benign tissues of the same organ, between cancerous tissues and between benign tissues taken from different organs. Comparing benign and malignant neoplastic tissues, statistically significant differences have been found between Fe and Se concentration distributions of breast as well as for Cu and Zn in the case of lung tissues and in the case of colon tissues for Zn. The concentrations of all elements have been found to be statistically different in cancer tissues as well as in benign ones when comparing the different organs, i.e. groups 'breast-colon' and 'breast-lung'. Concentrations of Fe and Cu have been found to be statistically different in lung and colon cancerous tissues. For benign tissues of lung and colon a statistically significant difference has been found only for Zn.     

禁食应激对心肌组织Fe、Mg、Zn、Cu含量的影响

观察禁食豚鼠不同时间心肌组织Fe、Mg、Zn、Cu含量的变化,以揭示禁食应激对心肌组织金属元素代谢的影响及规律。方法：短毛种豚鼠24只．随机分为4组,正常组和实验组1、2、3,实验组分别禁食24、48、72小时。结果：(1)心肌组织内Fe、Mg水平随禁食时间的延长而下降。(2)心肌组织中c0水平在禁食48小时后上升。(3)而Zn水平在禁食早期明显上升．以后下降至正常。P均＜O．05。结论：禁食应激可影响心肌组织内多种金属元素的代谢;心肌组织内Fe、Mg、Zn、Ctl水平与机体应激反应之间存在一定的联系。     

The effect of subacute intoxication of monensin on minerals and trace elements in goats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of minerals and trace element concentrations in serum samples from goats with subacute intoxication of monensin. For this purpose, monensin with the dose of 13 mg/kg boy weight was orally administered to seven goats for 5 consecutive days. Elements including sodium (Na), potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorous (P), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) were determined in baseline and daily serum samples for 10 days. Subacute monensin intoxication significantly decreased serum concentration of Ca, Mg, Na, and Zn in most of samples. Serum concentration of P significantly increased at days 2 and 7–10. There was no significant change in serum concentration of Fe, Se, and Cu during the experiment. These finding indicate that subacute monensin intoxication alters serum concentrations of minerals and certain trace elements in goats.     

白发与黑发的微量元素分析

本文应用EPM-810Q电子探针,对53例35～60岁健康成年人白发与黑发(指长在同一部位、相邻单根白发与黑发),进行微量元素分析,结果表明:白发中Mg、Al、Cd、Ca、Cr、Mn、Fe、Se微量元素含量明显小于黑发,而Cu、Zn、Pb元素含量大于黑发。以上差异有显著性意义(P<0.001),并对上述差异进行了讨论。     

太原地区微量元素与妊娠合并症关系探讨

本文对太原南城正常育龄妇女526例，正常晚期妊娠30例，妊娠合并妊高征22例，宫内发育迟缓20例，生畸形儿产妇40例，采用核素激发X荧光分析法，测头哪6种微量元素并作一对比分析．结果：妊娠妇女Ca、Cr、Fe含量明显低于正常育龄妇女组，而后者的Fe、Cr也低于天津的同类报告．此外．生畸形儿及宫内发育迟缓母亲的发Zn，都低于正常育龄妇女组及晚孕组．各组Cu偏低．各组Se明显低于正常组，说明微量元素Ca、Cr、Fe、Zn、Cu、Se与妊娠关系密切．应作为围产期监测内容之一。